This document is a report prepared by Johanes Pangilinan on natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, floods, and storm surges. It discusses how tropical cyclones form an average of 20 that enter the Philippine area of responsibility each year, with 90% affecting the country. It also outlines different types of floods like river floods, flash floods, and coastal floods. The report provides safety tips from PAGASA on preparing for, during, and after flooding, as well as dangers posed by storm surges.

2. JO
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3. 3
P
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4. Typhoon Yolanda2013
T
4
P
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:J
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A
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SP
A
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A
N

5. 5
P
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P
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:J
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A
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SP
A
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6. 6
P
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P
A
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:J
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A
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SP
A
N
G
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N
A
N

7. 7
P
R
E
P
A
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DB
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:J
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A
N
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SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

8. 8
P
R
E
P
A
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DB
Y
:J
O
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A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

9. 9
P
R
E
P
A
R
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DB
Y
:J
O
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A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

10. 10
P
R
E
P
A
R
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DB
Y
:J
O
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A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

11. 11
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
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A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
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N
A
N

12. 12
P
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E
P
A
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DB
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:J
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A
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SP
A
N
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I
N
A
N

13. 13
P
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E
P
A
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DB
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:J
O
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A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

14. 14
P
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P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

15. CCOOUUPPLLEEDD OOCCEEAANN--AATTMMOOSSPPHHEERRIICC
PPHHEENNOOMMEENNOONN
15
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N
ENSO involves an interaction between the ocean andatmosphere
– both of which play a role in reinforcing changes in eachother.

16. EL NIÑO--SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO)
that gives rise to El Niño and La Niña is an atmospheric phenomenon. The
climatic disturbances such as tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, tornados,and
droughts are hazardous and can bring disaster.Other hazards resulting from
tropical typhoons include strong winds, storm surge, flood, andlandslide.
16
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

18. TTRROOPPIICCAALL
CCYYCCLLOONNEE
18
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

19. 19
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

20. An average of 20
tropical cyclones
enters the
Philippine Area of
Responsibility
(PAR) and 90
percent of them
affect the country.
20
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

21. 21
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

22. TROPICAL CYCLONE
22
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

23. TROPICAL CYCLONE
23
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

24. TROPICAL CYCLONE
24
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

25. TROPICAL CYCLONE SECONDARY HAZARDS:
25
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N
1. FLOODS
2. STORM SURGES
3. STRONG WINDS
4. LANDSLIDES
5. MUDFLOWS

26. 26
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

27. 27
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

28. 28
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

29. 27
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

30. 30
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

31. 31
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

32. 32
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

33. 33
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

34. 34
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

35. TYPES OF FLOODS:
35
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N
1. River flood
2. Flash flood
3. Coastal flood

36. TYPES OF FLOODS:
1. River flood
Caused by the
overflowing of rivers
when the run-off
exceeds the
capacity of the
channels.
36
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

37. TYPES OF FLOODS:
2. Flash flood
Caused by a very
short period of
unusually heavy
rainfall.
37
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

38. TYPES OF FLOODS:
3. Coastal flood
Occurs when strong
onshore winds push
the water inland.
The rise in the sea
level also causes
flooding of the low-
lying coastalareas.
38
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

39. HHoowwttoopprreeppaarreeffoorr ffllooooddiinngg
“preparing for flood is a sharedresponsibility”
PAGASA came up with safety tips on what to do before,
during, and after flooding.
39
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N
Source: PAGASA-DOST
PAGASA’s Color-Coded Warning Signals for Flooding

40. 1. Know how often your location is likely to be flooded and to
what extent.
2. Be familiar with the flood warning system in your
community and be sure your family knowsit.
3. Keep informed of daily weather condition.
4. Designate an evacuation area for the family and livestock
and assign family members specific instructions and
responsibilities according to an evacuation plan.
40
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N
BBeeffoorreeffllooooddiinngg
S
o
u
r
c
e
:
P
A
G
A
S
A
-
D
O
S
T
,
2
0
0
6

41. 1. Be alert to the possibility of flood, if it has been raining
for several days. Flood happens as the ground
becomes saturated.
2. Listen to the radio for emergency instructions.
3. If advised to evacuate, do so. Don’t panic. Move toa
safe area before access is cut off by flood waters.
41
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N
Whenwarned of flood
Source: PAGASA-DOST, 2006

42. 4. Store drinking water in containers, as water service
may be interrupted.
5. Move household belongings to upper levels.
6. Bring livestock to higher ground.
7. Turn off electricity at the main switch in the building
before evacuating and also lock your house.
42
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N
When warned of flood
Source: PAGASA-DOST, 2006

43. 1. Avoid flooded areas.
2. Do not attempt to cross rivers or flowing
streams where water is above theknee.
3. Beware of water-covered roads and bridges.
4. Avoid unnecessary exposure to the elements.
43
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N
During flooding
S o u r c e : P A G A S A - D O S T , 2 0 0 6

44. 5. Do not go swimming or boating in swollen rivers.
6. Eat only well-cooked food. Protect leftovers
against contamination.
7. Drink clean or preferably boiled water only.
44
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N
During Flooding
Source: PAGASA-DOST, 2006

45. 1. Re-enter the dwellings with caution using flashlight,
lanterns, or torches. There may be flammableinside.
2. Beware of fire hazards like broken electric wires.
3. Do not eat food and drink water until they have been
checked for food and water contamination.
4. Report broken utility lines (electricity, water,gas, and
telephone) to appropriate agencies or authorities.
45
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N
After Flooding
So u r c e : PAGASA - D OST, 2006

46. 5. Keep stock of food which requires little cooking and
refrigeration as electric power may be interrupted.
6. Keep a transistorized radio and flashlight with spare
batteries, emergency cooking equipment, candles,
matches, and handy first-aid kit in case of emergency.
7. Securely anchor weak dwellings and items.
46
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N
AfterFlooding
Source: PAGASA-DOST, 2006

47. SSTTOORRMM
SSUURRGGEE
47
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

48. 48
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

49. 49
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

50. 50
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

51. 51
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

52. 52
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

53. 53
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

54. 54
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

55. 55
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

56. 56
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

57. 57
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

58. TTHHUUNNDDEERR
SSTTOORRMM
58
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

59. 59
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

60. 60
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

62. 62
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

63. 63
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

64. 64
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

65. 65
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

66. 66
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

67. 67
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

68. 68
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

69. 69
PR E
D
B:J N
E
S N
G
I
L
I
N

70. 70
PR E
D
B:J N
E
S N
G
I
L
I
N

71. T
T
O
O
R
R
N
N
A
A
D
D
O
O
71
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

72. 72
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

73. TORNADO
73
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

74. TORNADO
74
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

75. TORNADO
75
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

76. What you should do during a tornado
Source: PAGASA-DOST, 2010
76
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

77. What you should do during a tornado
Source: PAGASA-DOST, 2010
77
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

78. What you should do during a tornado
Source: PAGASA-DOST, 2010
78
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

79. DROUGHT
79
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

80. DROUGHT
80
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

81. DROUGHT
81
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

82. DROUGHT
82
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

83. DROUGHT
83
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
N

84. 84
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
DB
Y
:J
O
H
A
N
E
SP
A
N
G
I
L
I
N
A
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85. How to prepare for drought
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86. How to prepare for drought
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Prepared by: Johanes Pangilinan
https://www.slideshare.net/Johanesjun