Hydrometeorological Hazards and Disasters

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J O H AN E S J U N P . P AN G I L I N A N
G R AD E 1 2 S TE M B L O C K I I I
PREPARED BY: JOHANES PANGILINAN

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Typhoon Yolanda 2013
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COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENONCOUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENON
ENSO involves an interaction between the ocean and atmosphere
– both of which play a role in reinforcing changes in each other.
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EL NIÑO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO)EL NIÑO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO)
that gives rise to El Niño and La Niña is an atmospheric phenomenon. The
climatic disturbances such as tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, tornados, and
droughts are hazardous and can bring disaster. Other hazards resulting from
tropical typhoons include strong winds, storm surge, flood, and landslide.
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TROPICAL CYCLONETROPICAL CYCLONE
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An average of 20
tropical cyclones
enters the Philippine
Area of Responsibility
(PAR) and 90 percent of
them affect the country.
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TROPICAL CYCLONE SECONDARY HAZARDS:TROPICAL CYCLONE SECONDARY HAZARDS:
1. FLOODS
2. STORM SURGES
3. STRONG WINDS
4. LANDSLIDES
5. MUDFLOWS
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TYPES OF FLOODS:TYPES OF FLOODS:
1. River flood
2. Flash flood
3. Coastal flood
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1. River flood
Caused by the
overflowing of rivers
when the run-off
exceeds the
capacity of the
channels.
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2. Flash flood
Caused by a very
short period of
unusually heavy
rainfall.
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3. Coastal flood
Occurs when strong
onshore winds push
the water inland.
The rise in the sea
level also causes
flooding of the low-
lying coastal areas.
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How to prepare for floodingHow to prepare for flooding
PAGASA came up with safety tips on what to do before,
during, and after flooding.
PAGASA’s Color-Coded Warning Signals for Flooding
“preparing for flood is a shared responsibility”
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Source: PAGASA-DOST

Before floodingBefore flooding
1. Know how often your location is likely to be flooded and to
what extent.
2. Be familiar with the flood warning system in your
community and be sure your family knows it.
3. Keep informed of daily weather condition.
4. Designate an evacuation area for the family and livestock
and assign family members specific instructions and
responsibilities according to an evacuation plan.
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Source: PAGASA-DOST, 2006

When warned of floodWhen warned of flood
1. Be alert to the possibility of flood, if it has been raining
for several days. Flood happens as the ground
becomes saturated.
2. Listen to the radio for emergency instructions.
3. If advised to evacuate, do so. Don’t panic. Move to a
safe area before access is cut off by flood waters.
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When warned of floodWhen warned of flood
4. Store drinking water in containers, as water service
may be interrupted.
5. Move household belongings to upper levels.
6. Bring livestock to higher ground.
7. Turn off electricity at the main switch in the building
before evacuating and also lock your house.
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During FloodingDuring Flooding
1. Avoid flooded areas.
2. Do not attempt to cross rivers or flowing
streams where water is above the knee.
3. Beware of water-covered roads and bridges.
4. Avoid unnecessary exposure to the elements.
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During FloodingDuring Flooding
5. Do not go swimming or boating in swollen rivers.
6. Eat only well-cooked food. Protect leftovers
against contamination.
7. Drink clean or preferably boiled water only.
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After FloodingAfter Flooding
1. Re-enter the dwellings with caution using flashlight,
lanterns, or torches. There may be flammable inside.
2. Beware of fire hazards like broken electric wires.
3. Do not eat food and drink water until they have been
checked for food and water contamination.
4. Report broken utility lines (electricity, water, gas, and
telephone) to appropriate agencies or authorities.
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After FloodingAfter Flooding
5. Keep stock of food which requires little cooking and
refrigeration as electric power may be interrupted.
6. Keep a transistorized radio and flashlight with spare
batteries, emergency cooking equipment, candles,
matches, and handy first-aid kit in case of emergency.
7. Securely anchor weak dwellings and items.
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STORM SURGESTORM SURGE
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THUNDERSTORMTHUNDERSTORM
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TORNADOTORNADO
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TORNADO
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TORNADO
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TORNADO
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What you should do during a tornado
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DROUGHTDROUGHT
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DROUGHT
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DROUGHT
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DROUGHT
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DROUGHT
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How to prepare for drought
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How to prepare for drought
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Prepared by: Johanes Pangilinan
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https://www.slideshare.net/Johanesjun
Reference:
Luna, E.M. (2017). Hydrometeorological Hazards and Disasters.
Protecting Lives, Saving Communities: Disaster Preparedness and
Risk Reduction in Philippine Setting for Senior High School, pp. 90-
103. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc.

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