Hydratech Industries is presenting on wind power at a Green Drinks event in Suzhou, China on April 11, 2012. The presentation discusses the history of wind turbines from pioneers in the 1940s-1950s in Denmark, the increase in size and power output of modern wind turbines due to larger rotor diameters, reasons for choosing large or small turbines, examples of large wind farms in China and offshore, and new applications of integrating wind turbines into commercial building designs like the Bahrain World Trade Center and rooftop wind turbines. The presentation covers the past, present and future applications and developments in the wind energy industry globally.

1. Hydratech Industries
Wind Power
Presentation for Green Drinks in
Suzhou
The 11th of April 2012
By Poul G. Kristensen

2. The HYDRAtech/ AVN Energy group
Denmark
India China
Spain
USA
Germany Korea
Singapore Brazil

3. The Wind Energy Pioneers - 1940-1950
During World War II the Danish This three-bladed F.L.
engineering company F.L. Smidth machine from the
The F.L. Smidth Turbines Smidth (now a cement island of Bogø, built in
machinery maker) built a 1942, looks more like a
number of two- and three- "Danish" machine. It was
bladed wind turbines.Yes, part of a wind-diesel
Danish wind turbine system which ran the
manufacturers have actually electricity supply on the
made two-bladed wind island. Today, we would
turbines, although the so- probably argue about how
called "Danish concept" is a the concrete tower looks,
three bladed machine. but this machine actually
All of these machines (like their played an important role
predecessors) generated DC in the 1950s wind energy
(direct current). study programme in
Denmark.
In 1951 the DC generator
was replaced with a 35
kW asynchronous AC
(alternating current)
generator, thus becoming
the second wind turbine
to generate AC.

4. Modern wind turbines

5.  Power Output Increases with the Swept Rotor Area
 When a farmer tells you how much land he is farming, he will usually state
an area in terms of hectares or acres. With a wind turbine it is much the
same story, though doing wind farming we farm a vertical area instead of a
horizontal one.
 The area of the disc covered by the rotor, (and wind speeds, of
course), determines how much energy we can harvest in a year. The picture
gives you an idea of the normal rotor sizes of wind turbines: A typical turbine
with a 600 kW electrical generator will typically have a rotor diameter of
some 44 metres (144 ft.). If you double the rotor diameter, you get an area
which is four times larger (two squared). This means that you also get four
times as much power output from the rotor.
 Rotor diameters may vary somewhat from the figures given above, because
many manufacturers optimise their machines to local wind conditions: A
larger generator, of course, requires more power (i.e. strong winds) to turn
at all. So if you install a wind turbine in a low wind area you will actually
maximise annual output by using a fairly smallgenerator for a given rotor
size (or a larger rotor size for a given generator) For a 600 kW machine
rotor diameters may vary from 39 to 48 m (128 to 157 ft.) The reason why
you may get more output from a relatively smaller generator in a low wind
area is that the turbine will be running more hours during the year.

7. Reasons for Choosing Large Turbines
1) There are economies of scale in wind turbines, i.e. larger machines are
usually able to deliver electricity at a lower cost than smaller machines. The
reason is that the cost of foundations, road building, electrical grid
connection, plus a number of components in the turbine (the electronic
control system etc.), are somewhat independent of the size of the machine.
2) In areas where it is difficult to find sites for more than a single turbine, a large
turbine with a tall tower uses the existing wind resource more efficiently.
Reasons for Choosing Smaller Turbines
1) The local electrical grid may be too weak to handle the electricity output from
a large machine. This may be the case in remote parts of the electrical grid
with low population density and little electricity consumption in the area.
2) Several smaller machines spread the risk in case of temporary machine
failure, e.g. due to lightning strikes.

8. Wind farms in China

9. Offshore
 The world largest Wind Farm
 Location of Walney Wind FarmCountryEngland, United
KingdomLocation14km west of Walney Island
 Dong Energy and SSETurbine Turbines102 from
Siemens, Model SWT-3.6Rotor diameter107m
 Power generation information Maximum capacity367
MWCapacity factor43%Annual generation~ 1,300
GW·h/year

10. Three wind turbine blades have been successfully installed on the Bahrain World
Trade Center, a twin skyscraper complex. This is the first time that a commercial
development has integrated large-scale wind turbines within its design to harness
the power of the wind. The three massive turbines, measuring 29 meters in
diameter, are supported by bridges spanning between the complex's two towers.
Through its positioning and the unique aerodynamic design of the towers, the
prevailing on-shore Gulf breeze is funneled into the path of the turbines, helping
to create power generator efficiency.

11. Rooftop wind turbines

12. Rooftop wind turbines

14.  Thanks for your attention