The document describes research on human-centered AI and interactive explanation methods. It discusses explainable AI and the goals of explaining model outcomes to increase user trust and acceptance, and enabling users to interact with the explanation process to improve models. It then provides an overview of the Augment/HCI research group at KU Leuven and its work on explanation methods, recommendation techniques, and evaluating explanations through user studies.
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Deep Learning for Recommendations: Fundamentals and Advances
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Tutorial Website/slides: https://advanced-recommender-systems.github.io/ijcai2021-tutorial/
https://youtu.be/_M5S0Njmc_c
Tutorial on User Profiling with Graph Neural Networks and Related Beyond-Acc...Erasmo Purificato
Slide of the Tutorial on "User Profiling with Graph Neural Networks and Related Beyond-Accuracy Perspectives" @ UMAP'23: 31st ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (June 26, 2023 | Limassol, Cyprus)
Deep Learning for Recommendations: Fundamentals and Advances
In this part, we focus on the Fundamentals of Deep Recommender Systems.
Tutorial Website/slides: https://advanced-recommender-systems.github.io/ijcai2021-tutorial/
https://youtu.be/_M5S0Njmc_c
Explainable AI is not yet Understandable AIepsilon_tud
Keynote of Dr. Nava Tintarev at RCIS'2020. Decision-making at individual, business, and societal levels is influenced by online content. Filtering and ranking algorithms such as those used in recommender systems are used to support these decisions. However, it is often not clear to a user whether the advice given is suitable to be followed, e.g., whether it is correct, whether the right information was taken into account, or if the user’s best interests were taken into consideration. In other words, there is a large mismatch between the representation of the advice by the system versus the representation assumed by its users. This talk addresses why we (might) want to develop advice-giving systems that can explain themselves, and how we can assess whether we are successful in this endeavor. This talk will also describe some of the state-of-the-art in explanations in a number of domains (music, tweets, and news articles) that help link the mental models of systems and people. However, it is not enough to generate rich and complex explanations; more is required in order to understand and be understood. This entails among other factors decisions around which information to select to show to people, and how to present that information, often depending on the target users and contextual factors
Federated Learning of Neural Network Models with Heterogeneous Structures.pdfKundjanasith Thonglek
Federated learning trains a model on a centralized server using datasets distributed over a large number of edge devices. Applying federated learning ensures data privacy because it does not transfer local data from edge devices to the server. Existing federated learning algorithms assume that all deployed models share the same structure. However, it is often infeasible to distribute the same model to every edge device because of hardware limitations such as computing performance and storage space. This paper proposes a novel federated learning algorithm to aggregate information from multiple heterogeneous models. The proposed method uses weighted average ensemble to combine the outputs from each model. The weight for the ensemble is optimized using black box optimization methods. We evaluated the proposed method using diverse models and datasets and found that it can achieve comparable performance to conventional training using centralized datasets. Furthermore, we compared six different optimization methods to tune the weights for the weighted average ensemble and found that tree parzen estimator achieves the highest accuracy among the alternatives.
Prospects of Deep Learning in Medical ImagingGodswll Egegwu
A SEMINAR Presentation on the Prospects of Deep Learning in Medical Imaging Presented to the Department of Computer Science, Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia.
BY:
EGEGWU, GODSWILL
08166643792
http://facebook.com/godswill.egegwu
http://egegwugodswill.name.ng
Objective of the Project
Tweet sentiment analysis gives businesses insights into customers and competitors. In this project, we combined several text preprocessing techniques with machine learning algorithms. Neural network, Random Forest and Logistic Regression models were trained on the Sentiment140 twitter data set. We then predicted the sentiment of a hold-out test set of tweets. We used both Python and PySpark (local Spark Context) to program different parts of the pre-processing and modelling.
Review of Natural Language Processing tasks and examples of why it is so hard. Then he describes in detail text categorization and particularly sentiment analysis. A few common approaches for predicting sentiment are discussed, going even further, explaining statistical machine learning algorithms.
SITA WorldTracer - the global Lost and Found solution built on Neo4j cuts costs and speeds delivery at airports worldwide by returning lost property to travelers.
following topics are discussed inside the PPT:
Introduction
Objective
Motivation
Literature Survey
Some Key Features of Disease
Plan of Action
Methodology Adopted
Data Collection
Steps to be Performed
Functional Architecture
In this talk we walk the audience through how to marry correlation analysis with anomaly detection, discuss how the topics are intertwined, and detail the challenges one may encounter based on production data. We also showcase how deep learning can be leveraged to learn nonlinear correlation, which in turn can be used to further contain the false positive rate of an anomaly detection system. Further, we provide an overview of how correlation can be leveraged for common representation learning.
What’s next for deep learning for Search?Bhaskar Mitra
In this talk, I will share some of my personal reflections on the progress in the field of neural IR and some of the ongoing and future research directions that I am personally excited about. This talk will be informed by my own research in this area as well as my experience both as a developer/organizer of the MS MARCO benchmark and the TREC Deep Learning Track and as an applied researcher previously working on web scale search systems at Bing. My goal in this talk would be to move the conversation beyond neural reranking models towards a richer and bolder vision of search powered by deep learning.
Knowledge Graphs and Generative AI
Dr. Katie Roberts, Data Science Solutions Architect, Neo4j
It’s no secret that Large Language Models (LLMs) are popular right now, especially in the age of Generative AI. LLMs are powerful models that enable access to data and insights for any user, regardless of their technical background, however, they are not without challenges. Hallucinations, generic responses, bias, and a lack of traceability can give organizations pause when thinking about how to take advantage of this technology. Graphs are well suited to ground LLMs as they allow you to take advantage of relationships within your data that are often overlooked with traditional data storage and data science approaches. Combining Knowledge Graphs and LLMs enables contextual and semantic information retrieval from both structured and unstructured data sources. In this session, you’ll learn how graphs and graph data science can be incorporated into your analytics practice, and how a connected data platform can improve explainability, accuracy, and specificity of applications backed by foundation models.
Explainable AI is not yet Understandable AIepsilon_tud
Keynote of Dr. Nava Tintarev at RCIS'2020. Decision-making at individual, business, and societal levels is influenced by online content. Filtering and ranking algorithms such as those used in recommender systems are used to support these decisions. However, it is often not clear to a user whether the advice given is suitable to be followed, e.g., whether it is correct, whether the right information was taken into account, or if the user’s best interests were taken into consideration. In other words, there is a large mismatch between the representation of the advice by the system versus the representation assumed by its users. This talk addresses why we (might) want to develop advice-giving systems that can explain themselves, and how we can assess whether we are successful in this endeavor. This talk will also describe some of the state-of-the-art in explanations in a number of domains (music, tweets, and news articles) that help link the mental models of systems and people. However, it is not enough to generate rich and complex explanations; more is required in order to understand and be understood. This entails among other factors decisions around which information to select to show to people, and how to present that information, often depending on the target users and contextual factors
Federated Learning of Neural Network Models with Heterogeneous Structures.pdfKundjanasith Thonglek
Federated learning trains a model on a centralized server using datasets distributed over a large number of edge devices. Applying federated learning ensures data privacy because it does not transfer local data from edge devices to the server. Existing federated learning algorithms assume that all deployed models share the same structure. However, it is often infeasible to distribute the same model to every edge device because of hardware limitations such as computing performance and storage space. This paper proposes a novel federated learning algorithm to aggregate information from multiple heterogeneous models. The proposed method uses weighted average ensemble to combine the outputs from each model. The weight for the ensemble is optimized using black box optimization methods. We evaluated the proposed method using diverse models and datasets and found that it can achieve comparable performance to conventional training using centralized datasets. Furthermore, we compared six different optimization methods to tune the weights for the weighted average ensemble and found that tree parzen estimator achieves the highest accuracy among the alternatives.
Prospects of Deep Learning in Medical ImagingGodswll Egegwu
A SEMINAR Presentation on the Prospects of Deep Learning in Medical Imaging Presented to the Department of Computer Science, Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia.
BY:
EGEGWU, GODSWILL
08166643792
http://facebook.com/godswill.egegwu
http://egegwugodswill.name.ng
Objective of the Project
Tweet sentiment analysis gives businesses insights into customers and competitors. In this project, we combined several text preprocessing techniques with machine learning algorithms. Neural network, Random Forest and Logistic Regression models were trained on the Sentiment140 twitter data set. We then predicted the sentiment of a hold-out test set of tweets. We used both Python and PySpark (local Spark Context) to program different parts of the pre-processing and modelling.
Review of Natural Language Processing tasks and examples of why it is so hard. Then he describes in detail text categorization and particularly sentiment analysis. A few common approaches for predicting sentiment are discussed, going even further, explaining statistical machine learning algorithms.
SITA WorldTracer - the global Lost and Found solution built on Neo4j cuts costs and speeds delivery at airports worldwide by returning lost property to travelers.
following topics are discussed inside the PPT:
Introduction
Objective
Motivation
Literature Survey
Some Key Features of Disease
Plan of Action
Methodology Adopted
Data Collection
Steps to be Performed
Functional Architecture
In this talk we walk the audience through how to marry correlation analysis with anomaly detection, discuss how the topics are intertwined, and detail the challenges one may encounter based on production data. We also showcase how deep learning can be leveraged to learn nonlinear correlation, which in turn can be used to further contain the false positive rate of an anomaly detection system. Further, we provide an overview of how correlation can be leveraged for common representation learning.
What’s next for deep learning for Search?Bhaskar Mitra
In this talk, I will share some of my personal reflections on the progress in the field of neural IR and some of the ongoing and future research directions that I am personally excited about. This talk will be informed by my own research in this area as well as my experience both as a developer/organizer of the MS MARCO benchmark and the TREC Deep Learning Track and as an applied researcher previously working on web scale search systems at Bing. My goal in this talk would be to move the conversation beyond neural reranking models towards a richer and bolder vision of search powered by deep learning.
Knowledge Graphs and Generative AI
Dr. Katie Roberts, Data Science Solutions Architect, Neo4j
It’s no secret that Large Language Models (LLMs) are popular right now, especially in the age of Generative AI. LLMs are powerful models that enable access to data and insights for any user, regardless of their technical background, however, they are not without challenges. Hallucinations, generic responses, bias, and a lack of traceability can give organizations pause when thinking about how to take advantage of this technology. Graphs are well suited to ground LLMs as they allow you to take advantage of relationships within your data that are often overlooked with traditional data storage and data science approaches. Combining Knowledge Graphs and LLMs enables contextual and semantic information retrieval from both structured and unstructured data sources. In this session, you’ll learn how graphs and graph data science can be incorporated into your analytics practice, and how a connected data platform can improve explainability, accuracy, and specificity of applications backed by foundation models.
User Control in AIED (Artificial Intelligence in Education)Peter Brusilovsky
Slides of my intro to "Meet the Expert" session at AIED 2021. This is a subset of slides of a longer presentation on user control in AI extended with many specific examples from AIED area.
This Presentation contains Project idea along with the project diagrams and methodology explained. This Project can be used in Different sectors like in Industry, in Prediction analysis, for trend analysis, for sales & profit calculations etc.
Leveraging Graph Neural Networks for User Profiling: Recent Advances and Open...Erasmo Purificato
Slide of the tutorial entitled "Leveraging Graph Neural Networks for User Profiling: Recent Advances and Open Challenges" held at CIKM'23: 32nd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (October 21, 2023 | Birmingham, United Kingdom)
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Human-centered AI: towards the next generation of interactive and adaptive explanation methods
1. Human-centered AI: towards the next generation
of interactive and adaptive explanation methods
IHM 2022 – 8 April 2022
Katrien Verbert
Augment/HCI – Department of Computer Science - KU Leuven
@katrien_v
2. Human-Computer Interaction group
Explainable AI - recommender systems – visualization – intelligent user interfaces
Learning analytics &
human resources
Media
consumption
Precision agriculture
Healthcare
Augment Katrien Verbert
ARIA Adalberto Simeone
Computer
Graphics
Phil Dutré
LIIR Sien Moens
E-media
Vero Vanden Abeele
Luc Geurts
Kathrin Gerling
3. Augment/HCI team
Robin De Croon
Postdoc researcher
Katrien Verbert
Associate Professor
Francisco Gutiérrez
Postdoc researcher
Tom Broos
PhD researcher
Nyi Nyi Htun
Postdoc researcher
Houda Lamqaddam
PhD researcher
Oscar Alvarado
Postdoc researcher
https://augment.cs.kuleuven.be/
Diego Rojo Carcia
PhD researcher
Maxwell Szymanski
PhD researcher
Arno Vanneste
PhD researcher
Jeroen Ooge
PhD researcher
Aditya Bhattacharya
PhD researcher
Ivania Donoso Guzmán
PhD researcher
4. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
“Given an audience, an explainable artificial
intelligence is one that produces details or reasons
to make its functioning clear or easy to understand.”
[Arr20]
4
[Arr20] Arrieta, A. B., Díaz-Rodríguez, N., Del Ser, J., Bennetot, A., Tabik, S., Barbado, A., ... & Herrera, F. (2020). Explainable Artificial
Intelligence (XAI): Concepts, taxonomies, opportunities and challenges toward responsible AI. Information fusion, 58, 82-115.
5. q Explaining model outcomes to increase user trust and acceptance
q Enable users to interact with the explanation process to improve the model
Research objectives
Models
12. Explanations
12
Millecamp, M., Htun, N. N., Conati, C., & Verbert, K. (2019, March). To explain or not to explain:
the effects of personal characteristics when explaining music recommendations. In
Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Intelligent User Interface (pp. 397-407). ACM.
13. Personal characteristics
Need for cognition
•Measurement of the tendency for an individual to engage in, and enjoy, effortful cognitive
activities
•Measured by test of Cacioppo et al. [1984]
Visualisation literacy
•Measurement of the ability to interpret and make meaning from information presented in the form
of images and graphs
•Measured by test of Boy et al. [2014]
Locus of control (LOC)
•Measurement of the extent to which people believe they have power over events in their lives
•Measured by test of Rotter et al. [1966]
Visual working memory
•Measurement of the ability to recall visual patterns [Tintarev and Mastoff, 2016]
•Measured by Corsi block-tapping test
Musical experience
•Measurement of the ability to engage with music in a flexible, effective and nuanced way
[Müllensiefen et al., 2014]
•Measured using the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI)
Tech savviness
•Measured by confidence in trying out new technology 13
14. User study
¤ Within-subjects design: 105 participants recruited with Amazon Mechanical Turk
¤ Baseline version (without explanations) compared with explanation interface
¤ Pre-study questionnaire for all personal characteristics
¤ Task: Based on a chosen scenario for creating a play-list, explore songs and
rate all songs in the final playlist
¤ Post-study questionnaire:
¤ Recommender effectiveness
¤ Trust
¤ Good understanding
¤ Use intentions
¤ Novelty
¤ Satisfaction
¤ Confidence
16. Design implications
¤ Explanations should be personalised for different groups of
end-users.
¤ Users should be able to choose whether or not they want to
see explanations.
¤ Explanation components should be flexible enough to present
varying levels of details depending on a user’s preference.
16
17. User control
Users tend to be more satisfied when they have control over
how recommender systems produce suggestions for them
Control recommendations
Douban FM
Control user profile
Spotify
Control algorithm parameters
TasteWeights
18. Controllability Cognitive load
Additional controls may increase cognitive load
(Andjelkovic et al. 2016)
Ivana Andjelkovic, Denis Parra, andJohn O’Donovan. 2016. Moodplay: Interactive mood-based
music discovery and recommendation. In Proc. of UMAP’16. ACM, 275–279.
19. Different levels of user control
19
Level
Recommender
components
Controls
low
Recommendations
(REC)
Rating, removing, and
sorting
medium User profile (PRO)
Select which user profile
data will be considered by
the recommender
high
Algorithm parameters
(PAR)
Modify the weight of
different parameters
Jin, Y., Tintarev, N., & Verbert, K. (2018, September). Effects of personal characteristics on music
recommender systems with different levels of controllability. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference
on Recommender Systems (pp. 13-21). ACM.
20. User profile (PRO) Algorithm parameters (PAR) Recommendations (REC)
8 control settings
No control
REC
PAR
PRO
REC*PRO
REC*PAR
PRO*PAR
REC*PRO*PAR
21. Evaluation method
¤ Between-subjects – 240 participants recruited with AMT
¤ Independent variable: settings of user control
¤ 2x2x2 factorial design
¤ Dependent variables:
¤ Acceptance (ratings)
¤ Cognitive load (NASA-TLX), Musical Sophistication, Visual Memory
¤ Framework Knijnenburg et al. [2012]
22. Results
¤ Main effects: from REC to PRO to PAR → higher cognitive
load
¤ Two-way interaction: does not necessarily result in higher
cognitive load. Adding an additional control component
to PAR increases the acceptance. PRO*PAR has less
cognitive load than PRO and PAR
¤ High musical sophistication leads to higher quality, and
thereby result in higher acceptance
22
Jin, Y., Tintarev, N., & Verbert, K. (2018, September). Effects of personal characteristics on music
recommender systems with different levels of controllability. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM
Conference on Recommender Systems (pp. 13-21). ACM.
26. Explaining exercise recommendations
How to automatically
adapt the exercise
recommending on Wiski to
the level of students?
How do (placebo)
explanations affect initial
trust in Wiski for
recommending exercises?
Goals and research questions
Automatic
adaptation
Explanations & trust
Young target
audience
Middle and high school
students
Ooge, J., Kato, S., Verbert, K. (2022) Explaining Recommendations in E-Learning: Effects on
Adolescents' Initial Trust. Proceedings of the 27th IUI conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
27. User-centred design of explanations: 3
iterations & think-alouds
Tutorial for full transparency Single-screen explanation Final explanation interface
29. Results: Real explanations…
… did increase multidimensional initial trust
… did not increase one-dimensional initial trust
… led to accepting more recommended exercises
compared to both placebo and no explanations
30. Results: No explanations
Can be acceptable in low-stakes situations (e.g.,
drilling exercises):
indications of difficulty level might suffice
Personal level
indication: Easy,
Medium and Hard tags
32. 32
uncertainty
Gutiérrez Hernández F., Seipp K., Ochoa X., Chiluiza K., De Laet T., Verbert K. (2018). LADA: A
learning analytics dashboard for academic advising. Computers in Human Behavior, pp 1-13. doi:
10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.004
LADA: a learning analytics dashboard
for study advisors
34. Results
¤ LADA was perceived as a valuable tool for more
accurate and efficient decision making.
¤ LADA enables expert advisers to evaluate significantly
more scenarios.
¤ More transparency in the prediction model is required in
order to increase trust.
34
Gutiérrez Hernández F., Seipp K., Ochoa X., Chiluiza K., De Laet T., Verbert K. (2018). LADA: A
learning analytics dashboard for academic advising. Computers in Human Behavior, pp 1-13. doi:
10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.004
37. AHMoSe
Rojo, D., Htun, N. N., Parra, D., De Croon, R., & Verbert, K. (2021). AHMoSe: A knowledge-based visual
support system for selecting regression machine learning models. Computers and Electronics in
Agriculture, 187, 106183.
39. Case Study – Grape Quality Prediction
39
¤ Grape Quality Prediction Scenario
[Tag14]
¤ Data
¤ Years 2010, 2011 (train) 2012 (test)
¤ 48 cells (Central Greece)
¤ Knowledge-based rules
[Tag14] Tagarakis, A., et al. "A fuzzy inference system to model grape
quality in vineyards." Precision Agriculture 15.5 (2014): 555-578. Source: [Tag14]
40. Simulation Study
¤ AHMoSe vs full AutoML approach to support model
selection.
40
RMSE (AutoML) RMSE (AHMoSe) Difference %
Scenario A
Complete
Knowledge
0.430 0.403 ▼ 6.3%
Scenario B
Incomplete
Knowledge
0.458 0.385 ▼ 16.0%
41. Qualitative Evaluation
¤ 10 open ended questions
¤ 5 viticulture experts and 4 ML experts.
¤ Thematic Analysis: potential use cases, trust, usability,
and understandability.
42. Qualitative Evaluation - Trust
42
¤ Showing the dis/agreement of model outputs with
expert’s knowledge can promote trust.
“The thing that makes us trust the models is the fact that most of the
time, there is a good agreement between the values predicted by the
model and the ones obtained for the knowledge of the experts.”
– Viticulture Expert
45. Predicting duration to find a job
45
Key Issues: Missing data, prediction trust issues, job
seeker motivation, lack of control.
46. Methods
¤ A Customer Journey approach. (5 mediators).
¤ Hands-on time with the original dashboard (22 mediators).
¤ Observations of mediation sessions. (3 mediators, 6 job seekers).
¤ Questionnaire regarding perception of the dashboard and
prediction model (15 Mediators).
46
Charleer S., Gutiérrez Hernández F., Verbert K. (2018). Supporting job mediator and job seeker
through an actionable dashboard. In: Proceedings of the 24th IUI conference on Intelligent User
Interfaces Presented at the ACM IUI 2019, Los Angeles, USA.
48. Take away messages
¤ Key difference between actionable and non-actionable
parameters
¤ Need for customization and contextualization.
¤ The human expert plays a crucial role when interpreting
and relaying in the predicted or recommended output.
48
Charleer S., Gutiérrez Hernández F., Verbert K. (2019). Supporting job mediator and job
seeker through an actionable dashboard. In: Proceedings of the 24th IUI conference on
Intelligent User Interfaces Presented at the ACM IUI 2019, Los Angeles, USA. (Core: A)
55. Design and evaluation
55
Gutiérrez F., Cardoso B., Verbert K. (2017). PHARA: a personal health augmented reality assistant to
support decision-making at grocery stores. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Health
Recommender Systems co-located with ACM RecSys 2017 (Paper No. 4) (10-13).
56. Results
¤ PHARA allows users to make informed decisions, and
resulted in selecting healthier food products.
¤ Stack layout performs better with HMD devices with a
limited field of view, like the HoloLens, at the cost of some
affordances.
¤ The grid and pie layouts performed better in handheld
devices, allowing to explore with more confidence,
enjoyability and less effort.
56
Gutiérrez Hernández F., Htun NN., Charleer S., De Croon R., Verbert K. (2018). Designing
augmented reality applications for personal health decision-making. In: Proceedings of the 2019
52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Presented at the HICSS, Hawaii, 07
Jan 2019-11 Jan 2019.
57. Biofortification info
Plants to cultivate
Ongoing work: PERNUG
¤ Increased access to more nutritious plants
¤ Improved iron and B12 intakes for vegan and vegetarian
subgroups
Consumer app with recipe
recommendations
Hydroponic system with
biofortified plants
https://www.eitfood.eu/projects/pernug
62. 62
Gutiérrez Hernández, F.S., Htun, N.N., Vanden Abeele, V., De Croon, R., Verbert, K.
(2022). Explaining call recommendations in nursing homes: a user-centered design
approach for interacting with knowledge-based health decision support systems.
Proceedings of IUI 2022.
63. Evaluation
¤ 12 nurses used the app for three months
¤ Data collection
¤ Interaction logs
¤ Resque questions
¤ Semi-structured interviews
63
65. Results
¤ Iterative design process identified several important features, such as the pending
list, overview and the feedback shortcut to encourage feedback.
¤ Explanations seem to contribute well to better support the healthcare
professionals.
¤ Results indicate a better understanding of the call notifications by being able to
see the reasons of the calls.
¤ More trust in the recommendations and increased perceptions of transparency
and control
¤ Interaction patterns indicate that users engaged well with the interface, although
some users did not use all features to interact with the system.
¤ Need for further simplification and personalization.
65
68. Explaining health
recommendations
¤ 6 different explanation designs
¤ Explain WHY users are given a
certain recommendation for
their (chronic) pain based on
their inputs
68
Maxwell Szymanski, Vero Vanden Abeele and Katrien Verbert Explaining
health recommendations to lay users: The dos and don’ts – Apex-IUI 2022
74. Results
“Insight vs. information overload”
¤ Most users prefer more information (holistic overview of inputs)
¤ However, some users experienced information overload
→ Future work - Do personal characteristics such as NFC
influence this?
74
79. Take-away messages
¤ Involvement of end-users has been key to come up with
interfaces tailored to the needs of non-expert users
¤ Actionable vs non-actionable parameters
¤ Domain expertise of users and need for cognition
important personal characteristics
¤ Need for personalisation and simplification
79
80. Peter Brusliovsky Nava Tintarev Cristina Conati
Denis Parra
Collaborations
Jurgen Ziegler
Gregor Stiglic