The chapter considers potential futures for globalization and human geography. New technologies like biotechnology, materials technologies, and information technologies will reshape human geographies. However, these changes may also bring critical issues around cultural dissonance, regional integration and fragmentation, and sustainability. The future will see an uneven impact of globalization across the world, with some regions experiencing more benefits while others face stresses to resources, environment, and livelihoods. The structure of the global social hierarchy may polarize into elite, middle, and marginalized groups in the coming decades.
This chapter examines the internal structure and patterns of contemporary cities, including land use, urban form and design, as well as trends and problems facing urban areas. Larger cities are characterized by cultural diversity and different ethnic communities clustered in various zones. The typical North American city is structured around a central business district and has experienced high rates of in-migration forming concentric zones. Peripheral cities face problems from rapid demographic growth outpacing economic growth.
This chapter discusses the relationship between politics and geography. It examines the development of political geography and concepts like geopolitics, boundaries, and frontiers. Some of the key topics covered include the rise of European colonialism and imperialism, theories of the state, decolonization, and the impact of states on the world system. The chapter also analyzes concepts like nationalism, nations and nation-states, and how maps are often used to depict political boundaries and support ideological arguments. It discusses examples like the Soviet Union, Afghanistan, and state terrorism to illustrate various political geography concepts.
The chapter examines the growth and influence of cities throughout history. It discusses the roots of European urban expansion in medieval times linked to rise of merchant capitalism and colonialism. This helped spread the urban model globally. Today, most people live in urban areas and cities dominate aspects of modern life. The chapter analyzes urban systems, trends in core/peripheral regions, and rise of mega cities and world cities that occupy key roles in global economies and culture. Challenges include overurbanization, slums, and differences between core and peripheral urban areas.
The chapter discusses the uneven nature of economic development globally. It begins by defining economic development and explaining different theories for why some regions are more developed than others. The key aspects covered include the structure of economies, international trade, development models, and pathways to regional development. Globalization has meant that local and regional economic development is more influenced by external forces. Overall, the chapter examines the patterns and processes of economic development worldwide and how this development is spatially uneven across different regions.
A Guerra da Coréia (1950-1953) foi travada entre a Coréia do Sul e seus aliados contra a Coréia do Norte, apoiada pela China e antiga União Soviética, e resultou na manutenção da divisão da península coreana em dois países até os dias atuais.
A settlement hierarchy shows how settlements are ranked based on their size and the goods/services they provide. High order settlements like cities provide goods/services bought infrequently that are expensive, so people will travel further. Low order settlements like villages provide frequently bought, cheap goods/services so travel is shorter. A settlement's sphere of influence is the area it serves. Assigning settlements to A, B, or C ranks them by size/services from smallest to largest.
The document discusses Lefebvre's views on the socio-spatial dialectic. It notes that Lefebvre disagreed with those who saw spatial forces as less important or those who saw them as merely resulting from economic processes. Instead, Lefebvre saw social and spatial relations as dialectically interdependent and co-produced by the mode of production. The document also discusses how Lefebvre's ideas influenced other thinkers like Gramsci, Harvey, and Castells in seeing the importance of spatial analysis for understanding capitalism and class struggle.
This document discusses settlements in geography. It defines a settlement as a place where people live and interact through activities like agriculture, trading, and entertainment. Settlements help understand the relationship between humans and their environment. Factors that influence settlement locations include resources, soils, shelter from the elements, and defense from enemies. The document then discusses different types of settlement patterns like nucleated, dispersed, and linear, as well as hierarchies of urban settlements from world metropolises to smaller cities. It also discusses problems associated with rapid urbanization in developing countries.
This chapter examines the internal structure and patterns of contemporary cities, including land use, urban form and design, as well as trends and problems facing urban areas. Larger cities are characterized by cultural diversity and different ethnic communities clustered in various zones. The typical North American city is structured around a central business district and has experienced high rates of in-migration forming concentric zones. Peripheral cities face problems from rapid demographic growth outpacing economic growth.
This chapter discusses the relationship between politics and geography. It examines the development of political geography and concepts like geopolitics, boundaries, and frontiers. Some of the key topics covered include the rise of European colonialism and imperialism, theories of the state, decolonization, and the impact of states on the world system. The chapter also analyzes concepts like nationalism, nations and nation-states, and how maps are often used to depict political boundaries and support ideological arguments. It discusses examples like the Soviet Union, Afghanistan, and state terrorism to illustrate various political geography concepts.
The chapter examines the growth and influence of cities throughout history. It discusses the roots of European urban expansion in medieval times linked to rise of merchant capitalism and colonialism. This helped spread the urban model globally. Today, most people live in urban areas and cities dominate aspects of modern life. The chapter analyzes urban systems, trends in core/peripheral regions, and rise of mega cities and world cities that occupy key roles in global economies and culture. Challenges include overurbanization, slums, and differences between core and peripheral urban areas.
The chapter discusses the uneven nature of economic development globally. It begins by defining economic development and explaining different theories for why some regions are more developed than others. The key aspects covered include the structure of economies, international trade, development models, and pathways to regional development. Globalization has meant that local and regional economic development is more influenced by external forces. Overall, the chapter examines the patterns and processes of economic development worldwide and how this development is spatially uneven across different regions.
A Guerra da Coréia (1950-1953) foi travada entre a Coréia do Sul e seus aliados contra a Coréia do Norte, apoiada pela China e antiga União Soviética, e resultou na manutenção da divisão da península coreana em dois países até os dias atuais.
A settlement hierarchy shows how settlements are ranked based on their size and the goods/services they provide. High order settlements like cities provide goods/services bought infrequently that are expensive, so people will travel further. Low order settlements like villages provide frequently bought, cheap goods/services so travel is shorter. A settlement's sphere of influence is the area it serves. Assigning settlements to A, B, or C ranks them by size/services from smallest to largest.
The document discusses Lefebvre's views on the socio-spatial dialectic. It notes that Lefebvre disagreed with those who saw spatial forces as less important or those who saw them as merely resulting from economic processes. Instead, Lefebvre saw social and spatial relations as dialectically interdependent and co-produced by the mode of production. The document also discusses how Lefebvre's ideas influenced other thinkers like Gramsci, Harvey, and Castells in seeing the importance of spatial analysis for understanding capitalism and class struggle.
This document discusses settlements in geography. It defines a settlement as a place where people live and interact through activities like agriculture, trading, and entertainment. Settlements help understand the relationship between humans and their environment. Factors that influence settlement locations include resources, soils, shelter from the elements, and defense from enemies. The document then discusses different types of settlement patterns like nucleated, dispersed, and linear, as well as hierarchies of urban settlements from world metropolises to smaller cities. It also discusses problems associated with rapid urbanization in developing countries.
This chapter introduces concepts of world regions and regional geography. It discusses how regions are dynamic and shaped by both physical geography and human activities. Regions can be formally defined based on attributes like culture and environment or defined functionally based on economic and political relationships. The chapter also examines the concepts of globalization and increased interconnectedness between world regions through factors like advances in technology, economic integration, and political organizations operating across national boundaries.
The document provides an overview of world regions and geography. It discusses how geography influences cultures, resources and development. Regions are defined as large territories that share common attributes. Regions are dynamic and shaped by environmental and human factors. The document then examines various approaches to classifying and studying world regions, and how regions are interconnected in a globalized world.
The chapter introduces key concepts in human geography and explains why geography matters. It discusses how places are socially constructed yet interdependent on each other and connected through globalization. The chapter outlines how geography analyzes relationships between places at different scales from global to local. It also introduces tools used in geography like maps, distance concepts, and regions to study spatial relationships and interactions between places.
This document discusses several key aspects of globalization including:
- Globalization has increased since the 1990s due to advances in transportation, communication, and technology that have reduced geographic distances.
- Globalization leads to increased economic integration and interdependence between countries through increased trade and financial flows.
- Major cities now compete on a global scale to attract investment and skilled workers, becoming hubs of economic and social development.
- While globalization can increase disparities, it also presents opportunities for planning practices to leverage new information and solutions through international knowledge sharing.
This document discusses various aspects of globalization including:
- Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and political systems around the world due to advances in transportation and communication technologies.
- Major cities have become hubs for global economic activity and centers of socioeconomic development as they attract investment and skilled workers from around the world.
- While globalization has increased economic opportunities, it has also led to negative consequences like rising inequality, urbanization, and environmental degradation in many places. Critics argue it threatens cultural diversity and local control. Supporters counter that it also fosters cultural mixing and exchange.
This document discusses several converging trends that will transform the world, including rapid technological development, population growth and aging, climate change, and increased transparency. It argues that these trends could lead to conflicts over natural resources but also new solutions. The mobile internet of things will connect not just people but objects, potentially creating global networks of citizens and information. New tools may empower "prosumers" to direct development in a way that promotes diversity and creative networks. Overall, a new world is emerging through connectivity and new interfaces need to encourage participation from all.
The document presents three scenarios for the future of poverty in 2039: continued growth, collapse, and transformation. It analyzes how six drivers - education, government, security, social identity, global economy, and technology - could impact poverty under each scenario. In the continued growth scenario, mass urbanization benefits the environment and humanity while climate initiatives succeed. In the collapse scenario, effects of climate change are accepted and the focus is maintaining existing infrastructure. In the transformation scenario, gene therapy extends lifespans greatly but access is unequal, creating divisions between augmented rich and dependent poor populations.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to globalization, including definitions of globalization, metaphors used to describe globalization (solid, liquid, flows), and theories of cultural globalization (homogeneity vs heterogeneity). It discusses how early epochs led to more solid and fixed social relationships, while today's highly connected world is characterized by increasing liquidity and flow of people, information, goods, etc. across borders. Theories of cultural globalization include homogeneity, which posits a trend toward increasing cultural sameness, versus heterogeneity, which sees the emergence of new hybrid cultural forms from interactions between societies.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies and societies around the world through increased cross-border movement of goods, capital, services, and people. It has led to greater global economic, political, and cultural integration. While it offers opportunities for economic growth and development, it also poses challenges related to increased inequality, urbanization, environmental pressures, and cultural homogenization that require careful planning and policy responses.
Presentation by Simon Batterbury from the University of Melbourne, at the Sustainable Livelihoods Approaches (SLA) seminar on 26th January 2011 at the Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to globalization, including:
- Defining globalization and discussing broad vs. narrow definitions.
- The main dimensions of globalization: economic, political, cultural, and technological.
- Metaphors used to describe globalization, particularly the concepts of solid vs. liquid and the increasing fluidity in the modern world.
- Theories of globalization that see it as either increasing homogeneity or heterogeneity across cultures.
The document aims to introduce foundational concepts for understanding the phenomenon of globalization. It examines globalization from different perspectives and uses metaphors to illustrate changing dynamics in the contemporary world.
This document outlines an upcoming lecture on the food system crisis from various perspectives including bio-politics, political ecology, and global changes. It will discuss peaks and troughs in the food system, the normalcy of crisis, and how power has shifted from agriculture to controlling access to urban markets. The lecture will also cover topics like climate change, water, biodiversity, energy, population growth, waste, land, soil, and dietary changes in the context of the new fundamentals of the food system.
The document provides an overview of economic geography, including the goals of understanding livelihood systems and their spatial variations. It describes different economic systems (subsistence, commercial/market, planned/command) and how technology affects economic development patterns. Location factors for different economic activities are outlined. Characteristics distinguishing less from more developed countries are compared. The summary discusses global economic changes like shifts to service industries and the rise of transnational corporations, resulting in a more interconnected world economy.
The document discusses three historical eras since World War II defined by shifts in the global order:
1) The Postwar Boom (1944-1971) saw rapid growth in the US and Europe as the world transitioned to a system divided between Western and Soviet blocs.
2) The Era of Contention (1971-1989) was defined by the oil crisis, stagflation, and the rise of non-Western economies as the Cold War continued.
3) The Era of Markets (1989-2019) featured globalization and the rise of digital technologies as the Cold War ended and billions joined the global economy. The document suggests current events may signal a transition to a new era.
Smart Revolutions in XXI Century: the Creative Destruction of the WorldAzamat Abdoullaev
The document discusses the concept of "smart revolutions" as an alternative to social revolts for enacting change in the 21st century. It argues that smart revolutions apply revolutionary innovations and smart growth strategies to intellectualize continents, countries, cities and communities. The key aspects of smart revolutions are that they replace political governments with intelligent governance systems worldwide and implement a smart world agenda aiming for sustained prosperity for all. It presents smart revolutions, disruptive innovations, and an "Encyclopedic Intelligence" platform as ways to revolutionize human life, business, and the global economy over the next decade through massive transformations.
In this module, you will journey to the very heart of this course: you will be asked to identify the challenges posed by globalization and consider responses to these challenges as demonstrated by experiences on the ground. For this purpose, students will produce case studies of communities (in the Philippines and other countries) experiencing the impact of globalization and their respective responses to issues that arise. There are global-civic societies engaged in advocacies relating to climate and environmental protection, for example, human trafficking across borders, the application of advances in science and technology to serve some of the world’s poorest communities, and so on. There are, too, communities that have managed, in varying degrees of success, to deal with the effects, good and bad, of globalization.
Globalization is a process that involves the worldwide integration of economies, technologies, and cultures. It began accelerating in the late 20th century due to advances in transportation and communication technology. While globalization has led to increased economic opportunities through expanded trade and investment, it has also contributed to cultural and economic homogenization. It has impacted systems of governance, urban development, labor markets, and gender norms around the world. Both supporters and critics of globalization make arguments around its effects on issues like sovereignty, inequality, and cultural diversity.
This article reviews the phenomenon of globalization, its essence, content and causes are analyzed in various aspects. The special attention is paid to the cultural aspect, opinions of sociologists on the distribution of heterogeneity of world culture and globalization of culture its causes and consequences are analyzed. The theme of global languages and the problem of preserving cultural identity and heritage of different nations and peoples are also revealed. by Dinara Abdunayimova 2020. Globalization, its essence, causes and consequences. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 9 (Sep. 2020), 28-32. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i9.583. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/583/557 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/583
Making Geography relevant in the Caribbean.docxwrite4
This document discusses four challenges for geography teachers: 1) Encouraging students to question dominant views of human well-being and economic growth, and consider alternative measures like the Happy Planet Index; 2) Ensuring climate change is taught in a way that leads to action, not just understanding science; 3) Helping students understand the implications of peak oil and the need to transition to renewable energy; 4) Preparing students to facilitate major societal transitions to sustainability in response to climate change and resource constraints.
The document provides an overview and synopsis of the book "Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update". It summarizes the book's conclusions that humanity is dangerously overshooting Earth's limits due to continued population and economic growth over the last 30 years. While some progress was made, the rate of resource consumption and pollution generation has exceeded what is sustainable. The document also briefly describes the World3 computer model used in the book to simulate long-term global trends and limits to growth.
This document provides an overview of world regions and geography. It discusses how geography influences cultures and economies. Regions are defined and classified in various ways, including formally by shared attributes and functionally by economic organization. Forces like globalization are increasing interconnectivity between regions. The document examines topics like population trends, economic development, social issues, the environment, and political structures at regional and global scales. Regional geography combines physical and human perspectives to holistically study territories and the relationships between communities worldwide.
This chapter introduces concepts of world regions and regional geography. It discusses how regions are dynamic and shaped by both physical geography and human activities. Regions can be formally defined based on attributes like culture and environment or defined functionally based on economic and political relationships. The chapter also examines the concepts of globalization and increased interconnectedness between world regions through factors like advances in technology, economic integration, and political organizations operating across national boundaries.
The document provides an overview of world regions and geography. It discusses how geography influences cultures, resources and development. Regions are defined as large territories that share common attributes. Regions are dynamic and shaped by environmental and human factors. The document then examines various approaches to classifying and studying world regions, and how regions are interconnected in a globalized world.
The chapter introduces key concepts in human geography and explains why geography matters. It discusses how places are socially constructed yet interdependent on each other and connected through globalization. The chapter outlines how geography analyzes relationships between places at different scales from global to local. It also introduces tools used in geography like maps, distance concepts, and regions to study spatial relationships and interactions between places.
This document discusses several key aspects of globalization including:
- Globalization has increased since the 1990s due to advances in transportation, communication, and technology that have reduced geographic distances.
- Globalization leads to increased economic integration and interdependence between countries through increased trade and financial flows.
- Major cities now compete on a global scale to attract investment and skilled workers, becoming hubs of economic and social development.
- While globalization can increase disparities, it also presents opportunities for planning practices to leverage new information and solutions through international knowledge sharing.
This document discusses various aspects of globalization including:
- Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and political systems around the world due to advances in transportation and communication technologies.
- Major cities have become hubs for global economic activity and centers of socioeconomic development as they attract investment and skilled workers from around the world.
- While globalization has increased economic opportunities, it has also led to negative consequences like rising inequality, urbanization, and environmental degradation in many places. Critics argue it threatens cultural diversity and local control. Supporters counter that it also fosters cultural mixing and exchange.
This document discusses several converging trends that will transform the world, including rapid technological development, population growth and aging, climate change, and increased transparency. It argues that these trends could lead to conflicts over natural resources but also new solutions. The mobile internet of things will connect not just people but objects, potentially creating global networks of citizens and information. New tools may empower "prosumers" to direct development in a way that promotes diversity and creative networks. Overall, a new world is emerging through connectivity and new interfaces need to encourage participation from all.
The document presents three scenarios for the future of poverty in 2039: continued growth, collapse, and transformation. It analyzes how six drivers - education, government, security, social identity, global economy, and technology - could impact poverty under each scenario. In the continued growth scenario, mass urbanization benefits the environment and humanity while climate initiatives succeed. In the collapse scenario, effects of climate change are accepted and the focus is maintaining existing infrastructure. In the transformation scenario, gene therapy extends lifespans greatly but access is unequal, creating divisions between augmented rich and dependent poor populations.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to globalization, including definitions of globalization, metaphors used to describe globalization (solid, liquid, flows), and theories of cultural globalization (homogeneity vs heterogeneity). It discusses how early epochs led to more solid and fixed social relationships, while today's highly connected world is characterized by increasing liquidity and flow of people, information, goods, etc. across borders. Theories of cultural globalization include homogeneity, which posits a trend toward increasing cultural sameness, versus heterogeneity, which sees the emergence of new hybrid cultural forms from interactions between societies.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies and societies around the world through increased cross-border movement of goods, capital, services, and people. It has led to greater global economic, political, and cultural integration. While it offers opportunities for economic growth and development, it also poses challenges related to increased inequality, urbanization, environmental pressures, and cultural homogenization that require careful planning and policy responses.
Presentation by Simon Batterbury from the University of Melbourne, at the Sustainable Livelihoods Approaches (SLA) seminar on 26th January 2011 at the Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to globalization, including:
- Defining globalization and discussing broad vs. narrow definitions.
- The main dimensions of globalization: economic, political, cultural, and technological.
- Metaphors used to describe globalization, particularly the concepts of solid vs. liquid and the increasing fluidity in the modern world.
- Theories of globalization that see it as either increasing homogeneity or heterogeneity across cultures.
The document aims to introduce foundational concepts for understanding the phenomenon of globalization. It examines globalization from different perspectives and uses metaphors to illustrate changing dynamics in the contemporary world.
This document outlines an upcoming lecture on the food system crisis from various perspectives including bio-politics, political ecology, and global changes. It will discuss peaks and troughs in the food system, the normalcy of crisis, and how power has shifted from agriculture to controlling access to urban markets. The lecture will also cover topics like climate change, water, biodiversity, energy, population growth, waste, land, soil, and dietary changes in the context of the new fundamentals of the food system.
The document provides an overview of economic geography, including the goals of understanding livelihood systems and their spatial variations. It describes different economic systems (subsistence, commercial/market, planned/command) and how technology affects economic development patterns. Location factors for different economic activities are outlined. Characteristics distinguishing less from more developed countries are compared. The summary discusses global economic changes like shifts to service industries and the rise of transnational corporations, resulting in a more interconnected world economy.
The document discusses three historical eras since World War II defined by shifts in the global order:
1) The Postwar Boom (1944-1971) saw rapid growth in the US and Europe as the world transitioned to a system divided between Western and Soviet blocs.
2) The Era of Contention (1971-1989) was defined by the oil crisis, stagflation, and the rise of non-Western economies as the Cold War continued.
3) The Era of Markets (1989-2019) featured globalization and the rise of digital technologies as the Cold War ended and billions joined the global economy. The document suggests current events may signal a transition to a new era.
Smart Revolutions in XXI Century: the Creative Destruction of the WorldAzamat Abdoullaev
The document discusses the concept of "smart revolutions" as an alternative to social revolts for enacting change in the 21st century. It argues that smart revolutions apply revolutionary innovations and smart growth strategies to intellectualize continents, countries, cities and communities. The key aspects of smart revolutions are that they replace political governments with intelligent governance systems worldwide and implement a smart world agenda aiming for sustained prosperity for all. It presents smart revolutions, disruptive innovations, and an "Encyclopedic Intelligence" platform as ways to revolutionize human life, business, and the global economy over the next decade through massive transformations.
In this module, you will journey to the very heart of this course: you will be asked to identify the challenges posed by globalization and consider responses to these challenges as demonstrated by experiences on the ground. For this purpose, students will produce case studies of communities (in the Philippines and other countries) experiencing the impact of globalization and their respective responses to issues that arise. There are global-civic societies engaged in advocacies relating to climate and environmental protection, for example, human trafficking across borders, the application of advances in science and technology to serve some of the world’s poorest communities, and so on. There are, too, communities that have managed, in varying degrees of success, to deal with the effects, good and bad, of globalization.
Globalization is a process that involves the worldwide integration of economies, technologies, and cultures. It began accelerating in the late 20th century due to advances in transportation and communication technology. While globalization has led to increased economic opportunities through expanded trade and investment, it has also contributed to cultural and economic homogenization. It has impacted systems of governance, urban development, labor markets, and gender norms around the world. Both supporters and critics of globalization make arguments around its effects on issues like sovereignty, inequality, and cultural diversity.
This article reviews the phenomenon of globalization, its essence, content and causes are analyzed in various aspects. The special attention is paid to the cultural aspect, opinions of sociologists on the distribution of heterogeneity of world culture and globalization of culture its causes and consequences are analyzed. The theme of global languages and the problem of preserving cultural identity and heritage of different nations and peoples are also revealed. by Dinara Abdunayimova 2020. Globalization, its essence, causes and consequences. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 9 (Sep. 2020), 28-32. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i9.583. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/583/557 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/583
Making Geography relevant in the Caribbean.docxwrite4
This document discusses four challenges for geography teachers: 1) Encouraging students to question dominant views of human well-being and economic growth, and consider alternative measures like the Happy Planet Index; 2) Ensuring climate change is taught in a way that leads to action, not just understanding science; 3) Helping students understand the implications of peak oil and the need to transition to renewable energy; 4) Preparing students to facilitate major societal transitions to sustainability in response to climate change and resource constraints.
The document provides an overview and synopsis of the book "Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update". It summarizes the book's conclusions that humanity is dangerously overshooting Earth's limits due to continued population and economic growth over the last 30 years. While some progress was made, the rate of resource consumption and pollution generation has exceeded what is sustainable. The document also briefly describes the World3 computer model used in the book to simulate long-term global trends and limits to growth.
This document provides an overview of world regions and geography. It discusses how geography influences cultures and economies. Regions are defined and classified in various ways, including formally by shared attributes and functionally by economic organization. Forces like globalization are increasing interconnectivity between regions. The document examines topics like population trends, economic development, social issues, the environment, and political structures at regional and global scales. Regional geography combines physical and human perspectives to holistically study territories and the relationships between communities worldwide.
The giant ancient forest you cannot see coyote crossingLisa Schmidt
The document describes the creosote bushes that dominate the Mojave desert as an "ancient forest" that is invisible to many. It notes that individual creosote bushes can be thousands of years old, with some estimated at over 11,000 years old. Though unremarkable in appearance, these creosote bushes represent a vast ancient landscape that is increasingly threatened by development and habitat destruction. The author argues this ancient desert ecosystem deserves more appreciation and protection.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This document provides an overview of the Physical Geography 101 course. It outlines that students will learn about the basic elements of geography including climate, landforms, water, soils, and plants and animals. It lists required textbooks and materials. The course objectives are to help students understand physical geography concepts like maps and the four environmental spheres of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. The document details assignments like exams, quizzes, maps and a presentation. Academic policies around attendance, cheating and cell phones are also addressed.
This document provides information for a geography lab course. It outlines the instructor and contact details, prerequisites, required textbooks and materials, student learning outcomes, course expectations and structure, grading policies, and the course schedule. The lab will focus on physical geography topics and provide hands-on experience investigating earth systems. Students will complete weekly lab assignments using worksheets and online submissions.
This document provides the syllabus for a Cultural Geography course taught online in Spring 2016. The 3-credit course is instructed by Lisa Schmidt and uses the textbook "Human Geography" by Knox. Assignments include weekly postings, maps quizzes, chapter quizzes, exams, and a semester-long project. The course aims to examine human activities and cultures around the world through geographical concepts and analysis of populations, development, economies, and social differences. Grades are calculated based on completion of these assignments throughout the semester.
This document provides information for an online physical geography course taught by Professor Lisa Schmidt. It outlines the course details, including required textbooks, assignments, grading criteria, and contact information for the professor. Students will study the four environmental spheres of Earth - the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere - and their interactions. Weekly readings, discussions, and quizzes will cover these topics. The course aims to give students a foundational understanding of physical geography concepts and patterns around the world.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Will exxon have to pay for years of misleading the public bill moyersLisa Schmidt
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Periodic table's 7th row completed with discovery of four new elements ifl ...Lisa Schmidt
The 7th row of the periodic table has been completed with the discovery of four new elements by scientists from Russia, the U.S., and Japan. The elements occupy positions 113, 115, 117, and 118 and were previously known as Uut, Uup, Uus, and Uuo respectively. The discoveries were ratified by IUPAC, allowing the elements to be formally named. The Japanese team that discovered element 113 will name it, with reports suggesting it may be called "Japanium". Completing the 7th row was an important achievement for chemistry as the periodic table is now filled down to that row.
Tools used in geography include maps, globes, GPS, remote sensing, and GIS. Maps show physical features and are printed on paper, while globes model the spherical earth accurately. GPS uses satellite distances to determine position. Remote sensing studies objects from afar using tools like aerial photography. GIS digitally analyzes and displays geographic data, allowing overlay of different data layers.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
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Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
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- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
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- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
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• Phases in Communication Mining
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• Q/A
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1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
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Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
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Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
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Human geography12
1. Human Geography: Places
and Regions in Global
Context, 5e
Chapter 12: Future Geographies
Paul L. Knox & Sallie A. Marston
PowerPoint Author: Keith M. Bell
2. Overview
This concluding chapter considers the world’s future. Given twentieth-century
trends, what will the world look like in a few decades from the present? Students
should be aware that knowledge of human geography—the topics covered in the
textbook—may help in understanding what the future will bring.
The basic theme of this textbook is globalization. Each of the book’s chapters
has focused on this theme, noting how the processes of globalization originated
and how they have shaped nature and society. Chapter 12 sums up these
impacts and considers the future especially in terms of the future of resources,
technology, and spatial change. The chapter concludes with a discussion of
sustainable development, a vision of development that may help address many
of the problems initiated by globalization.
3. Chapter Objectives
• The objectives of this chapter are to:
– Examine both global and local prospects
– Survey future resources, technology, and
spatial change
– Examine cultural dissonance and
sustainability
4. Chapter Outline
• Mapping Our Futures (p. 456)
– How is globalization changing the world?
• Resources, Technology, and Spatial Change (p. 458)
– Transportation technologies
– Biotechnology
– Materials technologies
– Information technologies
• Regional Prospects (p. 460)
– Uneven development
– The United States, Europe, China, and India, and a New World Order?
– Life on the margins
• Critical Issues and Threats (p. 468)
– Cultural dissonance
– Regional integration and fragmentation
– Sustainability
• Conclusion (p. 472)
5. Geography Matters
• 12.1 Geography Matters—Dark Age Ahead?
(p. 458)
– Is American society in decline? Some thoughts of
Jane Jacobs on the subject
• 12.2 Geography Matters—How the World
Sees the United States (p. 466)
– Asian, African, Latin American, Middle Eastern, and
European thoughts on the United States
• 12.3 Geography Matters—The Asian Brown
Cloud (p. 471)
– Air pollution over Asia
6. Future Geographies
In some ways, the future is already here,
embedded in the world’s institutional structures
and the dynamics of its populations.
New and emerging technologies that are likely to
have the most impact in reshaping human
geographies include advanced transportation
technologies, biotechnology, materials
technologies, and information technologies.
The changes involved in shaping future
geographies will inevitably bring with them some
critical issues, conflicts, and threats including
important geographical issues that center on
scale, boundaries, and territories; on cultural
dissonance, and on sustainability.
7. Mapping Our Futures
• How will the forces of broadening global connectivity
—and the popular reactions to them—change the
fates and fortunes of world regions?
• Optimistic Scenarios
– Potential for technological innovations
– New resources
– New transportation and communication linkages
• Pessimistic Scenarios
– Finite nature of Earth’s natural resources
– Irretrievable environmental degradation
– Economic polarization
– Breakdown of law and order
9. Dark Age Ahead?
• Jane Jacobs argues that the United States is
slipping toward the beginnings of a new “Dark
Age” as a result of the deterioration of five pillars
of modern society:
– Community and family
– Higher education
– The application of science and technology
– The integrity of the professions
– The role of government in relation to society’s needs
and potential
10. A Dark Age Ahead? (Part 2)
• Jacobs fears of an incipient Dark Age go well beyond her past
concerns for urban development, centering as they do on several
important aspects of higher education.
• The roots of her concerns are based on evidence of:
– Corporate immorality in the marketplace instead of entrepreneurship
bonded to social justice
– Universities that serve employers and act as credentials factories, stripping
the music, art, ethics, idealism, and notion of the public good out of
education
– Scientific research increasingly and immorally being bought by corporations
or suppressed and ignored by governments
– A neoliberal political economy that is intent on abandoning the stewardship
of urban and regional development
• “A culture is unsalvageable if stabilizing forces themselves become
ruined.” (Jane Jacobs)
11. Global Social Hierarchy: United Kingdom
The “elite stratum” of the new social hierarchy, core countries will
continue to advance as traditional geographic groupings will
increasingly lose salience in international relations. The elite are
participants in—and beneficiaries of—the fast world of new
transport and communications technologies, globalized production
networks, and global consumer culture.
12. Global Social Hierarchy: Mexico
The “middle stratum” of the new social hierarchy, the embattled
semiperiphery are also participants in the global economy.
However, they have fewer benefits and limited opportunities:
assembly-line workers in offshore commodity chains, for example.
13. Global Social Hierarchy: Haiti
The “marginalized stratum” of the new social hierarchy is part of
the periphery. These countries and people will have to survive in
the slow world, largely disconnected from formal economies and
the dynamics of globalization.
14. Disruptive Technologies
• The United States National Intelligence Council has identified six
potentially disruptive technologies that could emerge in the coming
years.
• A disruptive technology is a technology with the potential to cause
a—even if temporary—degradation or enhancement of one of the
key elements of U.S. national power (geopolitical, military,
economic, or social cohesion).
• The six disruptive technologies most likely to enhance or degrade
U.S. national power to 2025 are:
– Energy storage technologies
– Biofuels and bio-based chemicals
– Clean coal technologies
– “Biogerontechnology”
– An Internet of Things
15. Geographic Information
Systems
• Geographic information
systems have rapidly grown to
become one of the most important
methods of geographic analysis,
particularly in military and
commercial worlds.
• Between 2000 and 2005, GIS
services grew at a rate of around
10 percent per year.
• Many GIS operations in the United
States, Europe, Japan, and
Australia have begun to contract
out such work to firms in countries
where labor is cheaper. India has
emerged as a major data-
conversion center for GIS.
16. Index of Income Inequality
Dark green countries have large disparities between the “haves” and the
“have-nots” across the globe, indicating a small middle class. Light green
countries show more balance in income earnings.
17. European Growth Axes
Most of Europe’s major cities and advanced manufacturing regions lie along a
crescent-shaped axis. European industries are world leaders in chemicals,
insurance, engineering, construction, and aerospace industries.
18. A New World Order?
• The old order of the “short” twentieth century (1914–1989),
dominated economically and politically by the United States, is
rapidly disappearing; we are coming to an end of a geopolitical
leadership cycle. Who will the new player for dominance be?
– The United States of America
• Reigning hegemon with the world’s largest economy; remains the strongest contender,
but with many challenges ahead
– The European Union
• Successful enlargement to 27 members, combined with already-successful monetary
union and economic integrations, leave Europe poised for leadership; too much
expansion too soon will test the institutions; immigration is a key concern
– China and India
• “Pacific Destiny” for China as it has extended its “open-door” policy and allowed foreign
investment; India as well continues to invest in emerging technologies; conflict and
cooperation will play a huge role for both
– At the Margins
19. At the Margins
• The worse-off regions face
unprecedented levels of
demographic, environmental,
economic, and societal stress.
• The next 15–20 years reveal
that peripheral nations have
scarce basic resources,
serious environmental
degradation, overpopulation,
disease, unprovoked crime,
refugee migrations, and
criminal anarchy.
• While some African countries
are doing well, many still
depend on commodity exports
and have reduced purchasing
power.
20. Future Prospects in Antarctica
• Even the uninhabitable
terrain of Antarctica has
become a site for
competition among states.
• The radial lines are
cartographic devices
designed to formalize and
legitimate colonial designs
on the regions.
• The mineral wealth of this
continent will likely be a
source of conflict and
compromise, and is
behind much of the
territorial claims.
21. The Asian Brown Cloud
A study of the Asian Brown Cloud (ABC) sponsored by the UN Environmental
Program and involving more than 200 scientists suggests that the ABC not only
influences local weather but also may have worldwide consequences. (This view
faces southeast over China’s Shandong Peninsula and the Yellow Sea.)
22. China’s Changing Role in the World
Economy
China’s emergence as a significant player in the world economy is reflected in
trends of manufacturing output and exports. But one shortcoming in China’s
development is creativity. Currently their endeavors are more about mimicking
established manufacturing techniques than delving out into new technologies and
products.
23. Darfur
In the Sudan, the brutal oppression, ethnic cleansing, and genocide
sponsored by the central government allowed Arab rebels, known as
the janjaweed, to slaughter thousands of people in the Darfur region,
causing the mass displacement of an estimate one million refugees.
Janjaweed means “Devil on horseback,” referring to the horsemen that
kill and terrorize the local inhabitants.
24. Wild Zones
“Wild zones” are places where national governments have lost control
over economic development, ethnic conflict, and environmental
degradation.
25. Surveillance Societies
• Social, economic, and ethnic
polarization in the cities of the
world’s core countries has led
to an increase in the electronic
surveillance of both public and
private spaces.
• Increased presence of private
security personnel in upscale
settings (i.e., “fortress
mentality”).
• The genuine possibility for
anarchy and intercommunal
violence exists unless a
common cause (like religious
zeal) can unify the masses.
26. How the World Sees the United
States
• A report by the U.S. National Intelligence Council reflects on the world that President
Obama has inherited. It is one that as the sole superpower has many variables that
he (and we Americans) must seek to understand and change.
• Asia
– Our focus on Middle East affairs (or lack of attention in East Asia) has left a power vacuum
that China may likely fill.
• Sub-Saharan Africa
– African countries feel that Westerners will see it as “hopeless” and only focus on the
people/countries that offer some form of commodity or human labor market.
• Latin America
– Latinos feel Americans have focused on the “War on Terror” at the expense of “America’s
Backyard.”
• Middle East
– Feel U.S. foreign policy has focused too much on corrupt leaders rather than emerging
leadership (e.g., the Saudis, Hosni Mubarak, Hamid Karzai, etc.).
• Europe and Eurasia
– Experts feel the U.S.–Europe relationship may deteriorate if our focus shifts to the far east
(i.e., China).
27. Growth of IGOs and INGOs
• Intergovernmental
organizations (IGOs) and
international non-
governmental
organizations (INGOs)
have experienced
dramatic growth since the
1960s.
• Many national
governments have ceded
some responsibilities to
these institutions.
• What is the likely impact
in the future of these
entities?
28. Future
Realizations
• If we are to have a better future,
we must use our understanding of
the world—and of geographical
patterns and processes—to work
toward more desirable outcomes.
• Geography: Where else can the
science of the environment be
married with an understanding of
economic, technological, social,
political, and cultural change?
• Who but geographers can cope
with the diversity of environments
and the sheer range of scales at
which it is necessary to manage
global change?
• We cannot reach sustainability in
all ways, all at once, but we
deserve scorn and resentment of
future generations if we do not try.
30. Discussion Topics and Lecture
Themes
• Using Table 12.1 and the text on pages
456–458 of the textbook, discuss with the
class the portrayal of the 2020 Global
Landscape. Why are some aspects
relative certainties while others are relative
uncertainties?
– This question can be used to elicit students’
views on the future.
31. • Some scholars have suggested that China, with its
huge population and increasing level of technology,
might become the next world power. Is this likely?
What factors might prevent China from becoming a
dominant world power?
– China still has a long way to go before becoming the next
world power. It is still primarily an agrarian country with widely
uneven levels of regional development. Check recent journals
and newspapers for the debates on China’s role in world
affairs. Also see the book by Harm de Blij, Why Geography
Matters: Three Challenges Facing America (New York: Oxford
University Press, 2005).
Discussion Topics and Lecture
Themes
32. • Do you think that the role of the United States
as a world power is increasing or declining?
What evidence is there for your answer?
– Numerous books published in the 1980s and 1990s
reflected on the United States’s position as a world
power—many of them arguing that the U.S. was in
danger of losing its prime position to Japan. This
debate continues, though the Asian financial crisis
and the United States’s recent military actions have
shifted the nature of the debate.
Discussion Topics and Lecture
Themes
33. • What are some of the positive and negative impacts of
the globalization of culture?
– Globalization has brought about a homogenization of culture
through the language of consumer goods. Many consumer
goods—such as Coca-Cola, Nike shoes, Sony Walkmans, and
Gap clothing, to name only a few—are now desired around the
world. In some respects, individuals may find it easier to
identify with people who share their consumer tastes. On the
other hand, homogenization of culture has also led to
resistance, as people seek to reaffirm their own cultural
identity in the face of globalization—and sometimes do so
violently. Globalization also affects people differently: some
profit from it and see their standard of living rise, while others
fall by the wayside.
Discussion Topics and Lecture
Themes
34. • What is meant by sustainability? Can you give
some examples of sustainability initiatives in
your own area?
– Common themes in sustainability include
recognition of environmental problems as being
global in nature; acknowledgement of the
relationship between economy and environment;
advocacy of local control of resources; avoiding
reliance on non-renewable resources; recognition of
the importance of social and cultural traditions; the
need to eradicate poverty, hunger, and disease; and
the recognition that these factors must also be
viewed with future generations in mind.
Discussion Topics and Lecture
Themes