Human factors relates to CRM by studying the human-machine interface to reduce error and maximize safety and productivity. Some key points:
- Human error has been found to contribute to over 70% of commercial airplane accidents.
- The objectives of aviation human factors include identifying technical efforts to address significant human issues, understanding the human aspects to recognize mental/physical issues, and maintaining awareness of flight physiology.
- The SHELL model examines the interactions between software, hardware, environment, and liveware (humans) and how mismatches can lead to errors. It is used to analyze human factors in complex systems like aviation.
Review of the National Culture Influence on Pilot’s DecisionMaking during fli...IOSRJBM
Thisreview paperstudies the influence of the national culture onflying safety in the cockpit. Likewise, the study aims toevaluate the pilot behaviour and response to risk during flight in terms of pilot decisionmaking. According to Helmreich (2000), ―cultural values are so deeply ingrained; it is unlikely that exhortation, edict, or generic training programs can modify them. The challenge is to develop organizational initiatives that congruent with the culture‖. Thus,evaluating the technology-culture interference impact on a pilot’s decision-making performance, within a specific region gives deep understanding of the pilot’s behaviour under the effect of this region national culture. In addition,this appraises the risk tolerance, error management and factors that affect pilot decision-making in regarding to national culture within the region.The expected contribution of this research is to enhance the pilot decision-making performance within the region of North Africa. Moreover, this study will enhances the implementation of Crew Resource Management training program (CRM), in which will support the culture calibration of the CRM tofit the pilot’sneeds within this region. Ultimately, a safe operation of the aircrafts and improvethe aviation marketwithin the region
Review of the National Culture Influence on Pilot’s DecisionMaking during fli...IOSRJBM
Thisreview paperstudies the influence of the national culture onflying safety in the cockpit. Likewise, the study aims toevaluate the pilot behaviour and response to risk during flight in terms of pilot decisionmaking. According to Helmreich (2000), ―cultural values are so deeply ingrained; it is unlikely that exhortation, edict, or generic training programs can modify them. The challenge is to develop organizational initiatives that congruent with the culture‖. Thus,evaluating the technology-culture interference impact on a pilot’s decision-making performance, within a specific region gives deep understanding of the pilot’s behaviour under the effect of this region national culture. In addition,this appraises the risk tolerance, error management and factors that affect pilot decision-making in regarding to national culture within the region.The expected contribution of this research is to enhance the pilot decision-making performance within the region of North Africa. Moreover, this study will enhances the implementation of Crew Resource Management training program (CRM), in which will support the culture calibration of the CRM tofit the pilot’sneeds within this region. Ultimately, a safe operation of the aircrafts and improvethe aviation marketwithin the region
Select one of the following options to complete this assignment.docxlvernon1
Select one of the following options to complete this assignment:
· health information specialist
Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper that summarizes certifications and continuing education that would be appropriate for a professional role in a hospital or other applicable health care setting.
· Identify a professional organization that would provide professional development opportunities for the role you selected.
· Describe professional development and other opportunities the professional organization would provide to you as a member.
· Explain the importance of being a member in a professional organization.
· Include the link to this organization.
Cite 2 peer-reviewed, scholarly, or similar references to support your assignment.
Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
Materials
· Certifications and Continuing Education in Your Professional Role Grading Criteria
Running head: EVALUATING HUMAN FACTORS IN AVIATION ACCIDENTS 1
EVALUATING HUMAN FACTORS IN AVIATION ACCIDENTS 21
An Evaluation of Accidents Caused by Human factors in Commercial Aviation.
by
Sandro Jose Chiappe
A Research Project Proposal
Submitted to the Worldwide Campus
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
of Course, ASCI 490, The Aeronautical Science Capstone Course
For the Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics Degree
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
July 2018
Abstract
The purpose of this project is to evaluate specific accidents in Commercial Aviation history. To evaluate various factors that have culminated in such catastrophes, primarily focusing on human error. Although, there are many unprecedented variables such as natural disasters that may result in devastating accidents, they are not as common as human factors (BASI, 1996). The student will review the details of certain accidents that have been attributed to human factors. One of the accidents for instance, will be Aeroperu, flight 603 that crashed on October 1996 (Skybrary, 1996). Although there were a variety of elements that played into this tragic event, it was primarily attributed to human error. One of the other accidents that will be investigated in the duration of this project is the Colgan crash (Collins). The Colgan crash was a result of multiple components, most notably, the failure of following sterile flight deck procedures by both pilots (Collins). Although it is still under investigation, the Cubana de Aviacion crash of May, 2018 is also suspected to be caused by human errors (Whitefield, 2018). Additionally, the student will evaluate the differences between factors and how they came into play in each of these accidents. In addition to human error, other factors may come into play that may increase the chances of devastation. Factors such as, mechanical, weather, instrumental or environmental (Shapell, 2001). The student will delve in each one of these variables and will determine how each of these factors com.
Today, occupational accidents are considered among the potential threats because of their serious humanitarian, economic, social, and environmental consequences. Occupational accidents and injuries are the third cause of mortality in world and the second one in Iran. In addition, the economic and environmental damages of occupational accidents are catastrophic too.According to International Labor Organization (ILO) report in 1999 the average estimated fatal occupational accident rate was 140/100 000 workers and the number of fatal accidents was 335000. Though the registered number of accidents in Iran cannot be a faultless account of all the accidents happened, but in 2000, about 12000 work related accidents have been registered by the Department of Social Security. Calculations indicated that approximately 345000 fatal occupational accidents occurred in 1998 and that over 260 million occupational accidents causing at least 3 days absence happened in the same year. This work aims to study the relation of occupational stress of workers and the accidents in a rice milling industry. The data was collected using questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 30 questions to measure the perception s of the employees about the management practices. A five point likert scale was used. This was prepared based on review of related literature .The contents of this draft questionnaire were discussed with senior safety professional in the industry. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. Descriptive statistics and correlations of the studied variables were first analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the reliability of the management practices. Regression analysis was conducted to test the goodness of fit of the various models. Keywords - industrial safety, occupational stress, accidents, factor analysis
Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety
I
Human
Error
A closer look at safety’s next frontier
By Dan Petersen
www.asse.org DECEMBER 2003 PROFESSIONAL SAFETY 25
IN THE U.S., ORGANIZED ATTEMPTS to prevent or
control workplace injuries have existed for a long time,
probably starting in the railroad industry in the 1800s.
But the real attempts in general industry were rela-
tively weak until the early 1900s. With the passage of
workers’ compensation laws in several states between
1908 and 1911, injuries became a cost to organizations.
This provided the impetus to do something about it.
The financial incentive gave birth to “safety pro-
grams” and “safety engineers,” and to both the
National Safety Council and ASSE. What began in the
1900s is starkly different from the safety systems of
today. As technology has changed, as management
theories have evolved, so has safety programming. It is
true that safety seems to change more slowly than
technology or management concepts; it seems to lag by
20 or 30 years, and is influenced less by good research
and experimentation than by the economy, govern-
ment dictates and people selling new “solutions.”
Consider the many safety approaches that have
been used:
•physical condition approach, 1911 to present;
•industrial hygiene approach, 1931 to present;
•“unsafe act” approach, 1931 to present;
•management approach, 1950s to present;
•noise control approach, 1954 to present;
•audit approach, 1950s to present;
•system safety approach, 1960s and currently;
•OSHA physical condition approach, 1971 to
present;
•OSHA industrial hygiene approach (when the
OSHA chief was an industrial hygienist);
•other OSHA approaches, depending on the year
and the current emphasis;
•ergonomic approach, anticipating an OSHA
standard;
•“safety program” approach, anticipating an
OSHA standard;
•environmental approach;
•total quality management thrust, using statisti-
cal process control;
•behavioral approach.
None of these were fads—they were real attempts
to control losses. They are all still used today as part
of safety technology. They are layers of things that
must be done. Since safety staffs are now much
smaller, management staffs have been cut and
employee staffs downsized, choices must be made.
In all of these approaches, one thing that has not
been tried is understanding the true cause of most
injuries—human error. Chapanis begins one of his
articles with the following case history:
In March 1962, a shocked nation read that six
infants died in the maternity ward of the
Binghampton New York General Hospital
because they had been fed formulas prepared
with salt instead of sugar. The error was traced
to a practical nurse who had inadvertently
filled a sugar container with salt from one of
two identical, shiny, 20-gallon containers stand-
ing side by side under a low shelf, in dim light,
in the hospital’s main kitchen. A small paper
bag pasted to the lid of one container bore the
word “Sugar” in plain handwriting. The ...
MEDTECH 2013 Closing Plenary, Andy Shaudt, Director of Usability Services, Na...MedTechAssociation
MEDTECH 2013 Closing Plenary, Andy Shaudt, Director of Usability Services, National Center for Human Factors in Healthcare, MedStar Institute for Innovation, presents on Design and Development of Medical Devices through a Human Factors and Usability Lens on October 8, 2013
I created this presentation to deliver to prospective Afghani Fire Crew leaders as a further stage in advancing their knowledge in health and safety and in dealing with emergencies.
Careful analysis of potential hazards can assist in the mitigation.docxtidwellveronique
Careful analysis of potential hazards can assist in the mitigation of future accidents. Two approaches to hazard analysis include the preliminary hazard analysis and the detailed hazard analysis. Both methods are used to help identify and prioritize the potential hazards at a job site that can end in the possibility of a severe accident. A preliminary hazard analysis is conducted to identify potential hazards and prioritize them according to (1) the likelihood of an accident or injury from a hazard and (2) the severity of an injury, illness or property damage that may result if the hazard had caused the accident (Goetsch, 2010). In contrast, a detailed hazard analysis involves the application of analytical, inductive, and deductive methods (Goetsch, 2010).
Expertise and reasoning can be two useful applications when performing a hazard analysis. Typically a preliminary hazard analysis along with previous expertise would be sufficient in determining possible job site hazards and developing methods to avoid them. If needed, more detailed methods can be used for conducting detailed analysis. They are:
failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA),
hazard and operability review (HAZOP),
technic of operations review (TOR),
human error analysis (HEA), and
fault tree analysis (FTA).
Failure mode and effects analysis is a formal step-by-step analytical method used to analyze complex engineering systems. The hazard and operability review is an analysis method that allows problems to be identified even before a body of experience has been developed for a given process or system (Goetsch, 2010). The technique of operations review is a method that allows supervisors and employees to work together to analyze workplace accidents and incidents. The human error analysis basically predicts that accidents are caused by human errors while the fault tree analysis visually displays the hazard analysis in detail.
Hazard analysis is extremely important in the construction industry. It is very important to analyze the probability of any types of accidents on-site and also to
Reading Assignment
Chapter 8:
Job Safety and Hazard Analysis
Chapter 9:
Accident Investigation, Record Keeping, and Reporting
Learning Activities (Non-Graded)
See information below
Key Terms
1. Accident investigation
2. Accident report
3. Emergency procedures
4. Faultfinding
5. Frequency
6. Hazard analysis
7. Hazard and operability review
8. Human error analysis
9. Immediacy
10. Principal’s office syndrome
11. Probability
12. Risk analysis
13. Technic of operations review
14. Witnesses
Coordinate medical response in the event of an accident. In the case of an accident, the first thing management and supervisors need to do is implement their emergency plan. Each accident should be treated as if it were a larger accident. The main points to ultimately cover in an accident investigation are: who, what, when, where, why, and how. In coordinating the accident inve ...
Select one of the following options to complete this assignment.docxlvernon1
Select one of the following options to complete this assignment:
· health information specialist
Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper that summarizes certifications and continuing education that would be appropriate for a professional role in a hospital or other applicable health care setting.
· Identify a professional organization that would provide professional development opportunities for the role you selected.
· Describe professional development and other opportunities the professional organization would provide to you as a member.
· Explain the importance of being a member in a professional organization.
· Include the link to this organization.
Cite 2 peer-reviewed, scholarly, or similar references to support your assignment.
Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
Materials
· Certifications and Continuing Education in Your Professional Role Grading Criteria
Running head: EVALUATING HUMAN FACTORS IN AVIATION ACCIDENTS 1
EVALUATING HUMAN FACTORS IN AVIATION ACCIDENTS 21
An Evaluation of Accidents Caused by Human factors in Commercial Aviation.
by
Sandro Jose Chiappe
A Research Project Proposal
Submitted to the Worldwide Campus
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
of Course, ASCI 490, The Aeronautical Science Capstone Course
For the Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics Degree
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
July 2018
Abstract
The purpose of this project is to evaluate specific accidents in Commercial Aviation history. To evaluate various factors that have culminated in such catastrophes, primarily focusing on human error. Although, there are many unprecedented variables such as natural disasters that may result in devastating accidents, they are not as common as human factors (BASI, 1996). The student will review the details of certain accidents that have been attributed to human factors. One of the accidents for instance, will be Aeroperu, flight 603 that crashed on October 1996 (Skybrary, 1996). Although there were a variety of elements that played into this tragic event, it was primarily attributed to human error. One of the other accidents that will be investigated in the duration of this project is the Colgan crash (Collins). The Colgan crash was a result of multiple components, most notably, the failure of following sterile flight deck procedures by both pilots (Collins). Although it is still under investigation, the Cubana de Aviacion crash of May, 2018 is also suspected to be caused by human errors (Whitefield, 2018). Additionally, the student will evaluate the differences between factors and how they came into play in each of these accidents. In addition to human error, other factors may come into play that may increase the chances of devastation. Factors such as, mechanical, weather, instrumental or environmental (Shapell, 2001). The student will delve in each one of these variables and will determine how each of these factors com.
Today, occupational accidents are considered among the potential threats because of their serious humanitarian, economic, social, and environmental consequences. Occupational accidents and injuries are the third cause of mortality in world and the second one in Iran. In addition, the economic and environmental damages of occupational accidents are catastrophic too.According to International Labor Organization (ILO) report in 1999 the average estimated fatal occupational accident rate was 140/100 000 workers and the number of fatal accidents was 335000. Though the registered number of accidents in Iran cannot be a faultless account of all the accidents happened, but in 2000, about 12000 work related accidents have been registered by the Department of Social Security. Calculations indicated that approximately 345000 fatal occupational accidents occurred in 1998 and that over 260 million occupational accidents causing at least 3 days absence happened in the same year. This work aims to study the relation of occupational stress of workers and the accidents in a rice milling industry. The data was collected using questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 30 questions to measure the perception s of the employees about the management practices. A five point likert scale was used. This was prepared based on review of related literature .The contents of this draft questionnaire were discussed with senior safety professional in the industry. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. Descriptive statistics and correlations of the studied variables were first analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the reliability of the management practices. Regression analysis was conducted to test the goodness of fit of the various models. Keywords - industrial safety, occupational stress, accidents, factor analysis
Behavioral SafetyBehavioral Safety
I
Human
Error
A closer look at safety’s next frontier
By Dan Petersen
www.asse.org DECEMBER 2003 PROFESSIONAL SAFETY 25
IN THE U.S., ORGANIZED ATTEMPTS to prevent or
control workplace injuries have existed for a long time,
probably starting in the railroad industry in the 1800s.
But the real attempts in general industry were rela-
tively weak until the early 1900s. With the passage of
workers’ compensation laws in several states between
1908 and 1911, injuries became a cost to organizations.
This provided the impetus to do something about it.
The financial incentive gave birth to “safety pro-
grams” and “safety engineers,” and to both the
National Safety Council and ASSE. What began in the
1900s is starkly different from the safety systems of
today. As technology has changed, as management
theories have evolved, so has safety programming. It is
true that safety seems to change more slowly than
technology or management concepts; it seems to lag by
20 or 30 years, and is influenced less by good research
and experimentation than by the economy, govern-
ment dictates and people selling new “solutions.”
Consider the many safety approaches that have
been used:
•physical condition approach, 1911 to present;
•industrial hygiene approach, 1931 to present;
•“unsafe act” approach, 1931 to present;
•management approach, 1950s to present;
•noise control approach, 1954 to present;
•audit approach, 1950s to present;
•system safety approach, 1960s and currently;
•OSHA physical condition approach, 1971 to
present;
•OSHA industrial hygiene approach (when the
OSHA chief was an industrial hygienist);
•other OSHA approaches, depending on the year
and the current emphasis;
•ergonomic approach, anticipating an OSHA
standard;
•“safety program” approach, anticipating an
OSHA standard;
•environmental approach;
•total quality management thrust, using statisti-
cal process control;
•behavioral approach.
None of these were fads—they were real attempts
to control losses. They are all still used today as part
of safety technology. They are layers of things that
must be done. Since safety staffs are now much
smaller, management staffs have been cut and
employee staffs downsized, choices must be made.
In all of these approaches, one thing that has not
been tried is understanding the true cause of most
injuries—human error. Chapanis begins one of his
articles with the following case history:
In March 1962, a shocked nation read that six
infants died in the maternity ward of the
Binghampton New York General Hospital
because they had been fed formulas prepared
with salt instead of sugar. The error was traced
to a practical nurse who had inadvertently
filled a sugar container with salt from one of
two identical, shiny, 20-gallon containers stand-
ing side by side under a low shelf, in dim light,
in the hospital’s main kitchen. A small paper
bag pasted to the lid of one container bore the
word “Sugar” in plain handwriting. The ...
MEDTECH 2013 Closing Plenary, Andy Shaudt, Director of Usability Services, Na...MedTechAssociation
MEDTECH 2013 Closing Plenary, Andy Shaudt, Director of Usability Services, National Center for Human Factors in Healthcare, MedStar Institute for Innovation, presents on Design and Development of Medical Devices through a Human Factors and Usability Lens on October 8, 2013
I created this presentation to deliver to prospective Afghani Fire Crew leaders as a further stage in advancing their knowledge in health and safety and in dealing with emergencies.
Careful analysis of potential hazards can assist in the mitigation.docxtidwellveronique
Careful analysis of potential hazards can assist in the mitigation of future accidents. Two approaches to hazard analysis include the preliminary hazard analysis and the detailed hazard analysis. Both methods are used to help identify and prioritize the potential hazards at a job site that can end in the possibility of a severe accident. A preliminary hazard analysis is conducted to identify potential hazards and prioritize them according to (1) the likelihood of an accident or injury from a hazard and (2) the severity of an injury, illness or property damage that may result if the hazard had caused the accident (Goetsch, 2010). In contrast, a detailed hazard analysis involves the application of analytical, inductive, and deductive methods (Goetsch, 2010).
Expertise and reasoning can be two useful applications when performing a hazard analysis. Typically a preliminary hazard analysis along with previous expertise would be sufficient in determining possible job site hazards and developing methods to avoid them. If needed, more detailed methods can be used for conducting detailed analysis. They are:
failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA),
hazard and operability review (HAZOP),
technic of operations review (TOR),
human error analysis (HEA), and
fault tree analysis (FTA).
Failure mode and effects analysis is a formal step-by-step analytical method used to analyze complex engineering systems. The hazard and operability review is an analysis method that allows problems to be identified even before a body of experience has been developed for a given process or system (Goetsch, 2010). The technique of operations review is a method that allows supervisors and employees to work together to analyze workplace accidents and incidents. The human error analysis basically predicts that accidents are caused by human errors while the fault tree analysis visually displays the hazard analysis in detail.
Hazard analysis is extremely important in the construction industry. It is very important to analyze the probability of any types of accidents on-site and also to
Reading Assignment
Chapter 8:
Job Safety and Hazard Analysis
Chapter 9:
Accident Investigation, Record Keeping, and Reporting
Learning Activities (Non-Graded)
See information below
Key Terms
1. Accident investigation
2. Accident report
3. Emergency procedures
4. Faultfinding
5. Frequency
6. Hazard analysis
7. Hazard and operability review
8. Human error analysis
9. Immediacy
10. Principal’s office syndrome
11. Probability
12. Risk analysis
13. Technic of operations review
14. Witnesses
Coordinate medical response in the event of an accident. In the case of an accident, the first thing management and supervisors need to do is implement their emergency plan. Each accident should be treated as if it were a larger accident. The main points to ultimately cover in an accident investigation are: who, what, when, where, why, and how. In coordinating the accident inve ...
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Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
6. is the discipline that studies this “man-machine” interface.
Human factors applies “what we know about people, their
abilities, characteristics, and limitations to the design of
equipment they use, environments in which they function, and
jobs they perform.” Human factors specialists help reduce error
and maximize productivity, performance, and safety.
There is opportunity for human factors in all of this. Human
factors contributions allow us to be more productive, to be
more efficient and, perhaps most important, to stay safe.
Humans make errors and those errors have consequences.
Consider the aviation industry, where error rates have been
extensively studied. According to Boeing, “Human error has
been documented as a primary contributor to more than 70
percent of commercial airplane hull-loss accidents.”
Human Factor
8. According to International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO) :
AVIATION HUMAN FACTOR :
"Human Factors is about people in their working and living
environments, and it is about their relationship with
equipment, procedures, and the environment. Just as
importantly, it is about their relationships with other
people.... It’s two objectives can be seen as safety and
efficiency.”-(ICAO Circular 227)
Objectives of AVIATION HUMAN FACTOR :
- Identify the technical efforts necessary to address the
most operationally significant human issues (e.g.: flying
syndromes) in aviation and acquire necessary resources to
respond to these issues.
- Understand the human part and to recognize when the
body and/or mind is not in tune with the aircraft.
- Maintain and develop high level of awareness of
physiology of flight.
9. Human Performance
Human performance is defined as the human capabilities and limitations which
have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations.
Human performance training focuses on relationships between people and
equipment, systems, procedures and the environment as well as personal
relationships between individuals and groups. It encompasses the overall
performance of cabin crew members while they carry out their duties.
The goal of this training is to optimize human performance and manage human
error. It encompasses Human Factors principles, crew resource management and
the development and application of skills, such as decision-making. Human
performance training should be oriented towards solving practical problems in
the real world.
10. As humans, we instinctively look for simple
ways to carry out tasks and develop skills to
the extent that we don’t need to think about
what we do. We are also influenced in our
performance by those around us and can
learn good habits from the best.
This serves us well until we become blind to
potential errors in a situation. We need to be
more mindful around what causes these
errors, and mental health could be a very key
issue to consider.
At a simple level the approach around Human
Performance is about getting us all to stop and
think before we act – HIT THE PAUSE
BUTTON – but also to be curious about the
systems, culture, mental attitude, and ways of
working we have in place that can lead to
errors arising.
11. We all make mistakes (around seven per hour if we take the statistics from
Goldberg (The Blunder Book), and for good performance we need to be
aware that errors happen.
However, research has proven that 80% of human errors happen as a result
of latent failings and errors in our organizations (INPO database 2008). In
other words, on a certain day given certain conditions where a person is
prone to making an error there are often a string of weaknesses already in
the organization that can create conditions for that error to happen. Consider
supervision, design, procedures, culture, and mental attitude.
What a lot of organizations don’t consider enough of, is the mental health
and stress issues that employees might be faced with, and how this could
impact on them delivering good performance at work.
13. SHELL
Model
AVIATION HUMAN FACTOR : AHF 2203
Most of aircraft accident were because of
human error. Aircraft mechanical failures greatly
decrease and rarely happen due to high and
modern technology used in aviation.
The SHELL Model is defined as “the
relationship of human factors and the aviation
environment” (Reinhart, 1996).In the model the
match mismatch of the block(interface) is just as
important as characteristics of the blocks
themselves. A mismatch can be a source of
human error. Liveware becomes a component
as well as the central figure upon which each
component will have an effect; thus, we can talk
about the “human-machine” interaction (pilot
moves a control), for example, while keeping in
mind that there are other interactions
(turbulence caused by weather).
14. •Software - the rules, procedures, written documents etc., which are part of
the standard operating procedures.
•Hardware - the Air Traffic Control suites, their configuration, controls and
surfaces, displays and functional systems.
•Environment - the situation in which the L-H-S system must function, the
social and economic climate as well as the natural environment.
•Liveware - the human beings - the controller with other controllers, flight
crews, engineers and maintenance personnel, management and administration
people - within in the system.
According to the SHELL Model, a mismatch between the Liveware and other four
components contributes to human error. Thus, these interactions must be
assessed and considered in all sectors of the aviation system.
SHELL MODEL
15. ICAO SHELL Model, as described in ICAO Doc 9859, Safety Management Manual,
is a conceptual tool used to analyse the interaction of multiple system components. It
also refers to a framework proposed in ICAO Circular 216-AN31.
The concept (the name being derived from the initial letters of its components,
Software, Hardware, Environment, Liveware) was first developed by Edwards in 1972,
with a modified diagram to illustrate the model developed by Hawkins in 1975.
One practical diagram to illustrate this conceptual model uses blocks to represent the
different components of Human Factors. This building block diagram does not cover
the interfaces which are outside Human Factors (hardware-hardware; hardware-
environment; software-hardware) and is only intended as a basic aid to
understanding Human Factors:
24. Errors are (in)actions,
which fail to achieve
their intended
outcomes.
Violations are
intentional (in)actions,
which violate known
25. Human Error
is commonly defined as a failure of a planned action to achieve a desired
outcome. ... Plans can be adequate or inadequate, and actions (behavior)
can be intentional or unintentional.
Human error refers to something having been done that was "not intended
by the actor; not desired by a set of rules or an external observer; or that led
the task or system outside its acceptable limits".
Human error has been cited as a primary cause contributing factor in
disasters and accidents in industries as diverse as nuclear power (e.g.,
the Three Mile Island accident), aviation (see pilot error), space exploration
(e.g., the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster and Space Shuttle Columbia
disaster), and medicine (medical error). Prevention of human error is
generally seen as a major contributor to reliability and safety of (complex)
systems. Human error is one of the many contributing causes of risk events.
26. Human Errors Basis
1.Anyone can and will make mistakes
2.Origins of error can be different.
3.Consequences of similar errors
can also be different