Payload – Sum of the weight of passengers and cargo that an aircraft can carry.

1. HUMAN FACTORS IN PAYLOAD
SAFETY OF FIGHTER AIRCRAFTS
AVIATION HUMAN FACTORS AND LEGISLATIONS
ME4120
W.L.N.Piyasundara

2. Human Factors
Human factors are prominent in
Aviation Sector
Human error is the prominent
fact of incidents and accidents
Human factors that considered
in military aviation
•Mental State
•Human Capabilities and Limitations
•Human Machine Interface
•Physical State
•Military personals durability

3. Payloads
 Payload – Sum of the weight of
passengers and cargo that an aircraft
can carry.
 Main Types of Military Payloads
Dangerous goods
Weapons

4. Dangerous Goods
 There are nine classes of dangerous goods
 1 – Explosives and ammunition
 2 – Compressed Gasses
 3 – Flammable Liquids
 4 – Flammable Solids
 5 – Oxidizing Materials and Organic
Peroxides
 6 – Poisonous Materials
 7 – Radioactive Materials
 8 – Corrosive Materials
 9 – Miscellaneous Hazard Material

5. Structure of Office of Primary Responsibility
 Packers –
do the packing of hazardous materials
 Preparers
 Certification of the hazardous materials
 Handlers – Maintain safe operation while transportation
Warehouse Workers,
Load Planners
 Load Selectors
 Special Handling Personal
 Aircraft Load Team

6.  Inspectors
 Ensure the hazardous materials are well prepared.
Ensure documentations are completed prior to loading to aircraft
 Installation Commander
Responsible in training personals
Appoint officials to complete Declaration of Dangerous Goods
Certification
 Contracting Officer
Ensure availability of all DoD certificates
 Base Operational Personal
Provide written notification of all hazardous materials
onboarded.

7. HAZMAT Training
 Commanders are responsible for assigning personals to obtain relevant
trainings.
 All who are connected to the transportation of hazmat should obtain the
training.
 Training should at least include
General awareness and familiarization about hazardous material
Safety procedures that should be followed in emergency situations
Function specific responsibilities which are directly relevant to the
personal’s role

8. Loadmaster
 Responsible personal for safe loading,
transport and unloading of aerial cargo.
 Calculate and plan cargo and passenger
arrangements
 Should possess knowledge on combat
situations and tactical procedures
 Only should supervise and follow
procedures.
 Airdrop delivering

9. Weapons
 Air Launched weapons are
designed to protect the aircraft,
crew and the ground crew.
 Safety feature management done
by
 Pilot and Crew
 Ground Crew
 Aircraft systems
 All above ensure they are carried
and released safely.

10. Key Missile Features That Help Pilot To Maneuver
 Seeker - Locates target and feeds this information to the Guidance
unit
 Guidance Unit –Send target information to the Navigation systems
 Navigation System – Use target information to direct the weapon to
the target.
 Actuation System –controls any moveable fins that steer the weapon
 Armament Section – This contains
 Payload
 Fusing
 Safety and arming devices
 Target detecting devices

11.  Human errors are minimized in
deploying a missile
 Rail launchers are used to allow
the missile to leave the aircraft
safely.
 Arming Devices
Master Armament Safety
Switch
Late – Arm Switch
Emergency Stores Jettison
Switch

12. Fuse Mechanisms of a GP Bomb
 High explosive content is
hazardous. So,
A built-in sensor arms only
after 200ft from aircraft.
A GPS timer – enables at the
point of release.
A speed sensor – activates
fusing mechanism from
200ft to 300ft
Fusing mechanism is safe
until arming vane makes
sufficient rotations.

13. Steering of the Missile
 This is not governed by
only pilot.
 The facts that govern the
steering are
The launch aircraft
pilot
The missile guidance
system
The launch aircraft
navigator
The missile
propulsion system

14. THANK YOU!