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![Under the hood
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com
Accept: */*
User-Agent: HTTP-eats-the-world/2019
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 09 Nov 2018 14:49:00 GMT
Server: my-favorite v3
Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Jun 2000 12:10:00 GMT
Content-Length: 12345
Set-Cookie: this-is-simple=yeah-really;
Content-Type: text/html
[content]
@bagder@bagder](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/http3-fullstackfest-2019-190906080037/85/Http3-fullstackfest-2019-8-320.jpg)
Uploaded byDaniel Stenberg
Http3 fullstackfest-2019
Daniel Stenberg gave a presentation on the evolution of HTTP from versions 1 to 2 to the upcoming version 3. He explained the problems with HTTP/1 and how HTTP/2 aimed to address these by using a single TCP connection with multiple streams. However, middleboxes in the internet slow the adoption of upgrades. QUIC was developed as a new transport protocol to run over UDP and enable always-encrypted connections with fewer head-of-line blocking problems. HTTP/3 defines how HTTP can be run over QUIC, providing features like independent streams and faster handshakes while keeping the basic request-response model of HTTP the same. Several challenges around implementations and tooling remain before HTTP/3 is widely adopted.
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Http3 fullstackfest-2019
- 1. Full Stack Fest– Sep 6, 2019
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- 5. HTTP 1 to2 to 3HTTP 1 to 2 to 3 ProblemsProblems Why QUIC and how it worksWhy QUIC and how it works HTTP/3HTTP/3 ChallengesChallenges Coming soon!Coming soon! @bagder@bagder
- 6. Let the funbegin! specifications haven’t shipped yetspecifications haven’t shipped yet This presentation is public. Photos andThis presentation is public. Photos and sharing are fine!sharing are fine! Questions at the end!Questions at the end! @bagder@bagder
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- 8. Under the hood GET/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.example.com Accept: */* User-Agent: HTTP-eats-the-world/2019 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 09 Nov 2018 14:49:00 GMT Server: my-favorite v3 Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Jun 2000 12:10:00 GMT Content-Length: 12345 Set-Cookie: this-is-simple=yeah-really; Content-Type: text/html [content] @bagder@bagder
- 9. HTTP started doneover TCP @bagder@bagder
- 10. TCPTCP TCP/IP works overIP Establishes a “connection” 3-way handshake Resends lost packages Delivers a byte stream Clear text @bagder@bagder
- 11. HTTPS means TCP+ TLS + HTTP @bagder@bagder
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- 14. TLSTLS TLS is doneover TCP for HTTP/1 or 2 Transport Layer Security Additional handshake Privacy and security @bagder@bagder
- 15. Classic HTTP NetworkStack IP TCP TLS 1.2+ HTTP @bagder@bagder
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- 17. HTTP/1.1HTTP/1.1 Shipped January 1997 Manyparallel TCP connections Better but ineffective TCP use HTTP head-of-line-blocking Numerous work-arounds @bagder@bagder
- 18. HTTP/2HTTP/2 Shipped May 2015 Usessingle connection per host Many parallel streams TCP head-of-line-blocking @bagder@bagder
- 19. OssificationOssification Internet is fullof boxes Routers, gateways, firewalls, load balancers, NATs... Boxes run software to handle network data Middle-boxes work on existing protocols Upgrade much slower than edges @bagder@bagder
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- 21. Ossification casualties HTTP/2 inclear textHTTP/2 in clear text TCP improvements like TFOTCP improvements like TFO TCP/UDP replacementsTCP/UDP replacements HTTP brotliHTTP brotli Future innovationsFuture innovations …… unless encryptedunless encrypted @bagder@bagder
- 22. Improvement in spiteof ossification @bagder@bagder
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- 25. A new transportprotocol @bagder@bagder
- 26. Built on experiencesby Google QUIC Google deployed “http2 frames over UDP”-QUIC in 2013Google deployed “http2 frames over UDP”-QUIC in 2013 Widely used clientWidely used client Widely used web servicesWidely used web services Proven to work at web scaleProven to work at web scale Taken to the IETF in 2015Taken to the IETF in 2015 QUIC working group started 2016QUIC working group started 2016 IETF QUIC is now very different than Google QUIC wasIETF QUIC is now very different than Google QUIC was @bagder@bagder
- 27. Improvements TCP head ofline blockingTCP head of line blocking Faster handshakesFaster handshakes Earlier dataEarlier data Connection-IDConnection-ID More encryption, alwaysMore encryption, always Future developmentFuture development @bagder@bagder
- 28. Build on topof UDP TCP and UDP remain “the ones”TCP and UDP remain “the ones” Use UDP instead of IPUse UDP instead of IP Reliable transport protocol - inReliable transport protocol - in user-spaceuser-space A little like TCP + TLSA little like TCP + TLS @bagder@bagder
- 29. UDP isn’t reliable,QUIC is UDP Connectionless No resends No flow control QUIC Uses UDP like TCP uses IP Adds connections, resends and flow control on top @bagder@bagder
- 30. Streams! QUIC provides streamsQUICprovides streams Many logical flows within a single connectionMany logical flows within a single connection Similar to HTTP/2 but in the transport layerSimilar to HTTP/2 but in the transport layer IndependentIndependent streamsstreams @bagder@bagder
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- 32. Application protocols overQUICApplication protocols over QUIC Streams for free Could be “any protocol” HTTP worked on as the first Others are planned to follow @bagder@bagder
- 33. HTTP/3 = HTTPover QUIC @bagder@bagder
- 34. HTTP – samebut different RequestRequest - method + path- method + path - headers- headers - body- body ResponseResponse - response code- response code - headers- headers - body- body @bagder@bagder
- 35. HTTP – samebut different HTTP/1 – in ASCII over TCP HTTP/2 – binary multiplexed over TCP HTTP/3 – binary over multiplexed QUIC @bagder@bagder
- 36. Stacks: old vsnew TCP TLS 1.2+ HTTP/2 UDP HTTP/3 QUIC TLS 1.3 IP HTTP/1 @bagder@bagder streams
- 37. Feature comparison @bagder@bagder HTTP/2 HTTP/3 TransportTCP QUIC Streams HTTP/2 QUIC Clear-text version Yes No Independent streams No Yes Header compression HPACK QPACK Server push Yes Yes Early data In theory Yes 0-RTT Handshake No Yes
- 38. HTTP/3 is fasterHTTP/3is faster Faster handshakes Early data that works The independent streams By how much remains to be measured! @bagder@bagder
- 39. HTTPS is TCP? HTTPS://URLs are everywhereHTTPS:// URLs are everywhere TCP (and TLS) on TCP port 443TCP (and TLS) on TCP port 443 @bagder@bagder
- 40. This service -over there! The Alt-Svc: response header Another host, protocol or port number is the same “origin” This site also runs on HTTP/3 “over there”, for the next NNNN seconds @bagder@bagder
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- 42. Eight HTTP/3 challenges 3-7%of QUIC attempts fail Clients need fall back algorithms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @bagder@bagder
- 43. Eight HTTP/3 challenges CPUintensive Unoptimized UDP stacks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @bagder@bagder
- 44. Eight HTTP/3 challenges “Funny”TLS layer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @bagder@bagder
- 45. Eight HTTP/3 challenges AllQUIC stacks are user-land No standard QUIC API 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @bagder@bagder
- 46. Eight HTTP/3 challenges Lackof tooling 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @bagder@bagder
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- 48. Implementations Over a dozenQUIC implementations, almost as many HTTP/3 implementations Google, Mozilla, Apple, Facebook, Microsoft, Akamai, Fastly, Cloudflare, F5, LiteSpeed, and more No browser ships HTTP/3 yet. Chrome or Safari first? Neither do Apache, nginx or IIS. Caddy! curl! @bagder@bagder
- 49. HTTP/3 in curl ExperimentalExperimentalh3-22 has landed Alt-svcAlt-svc support is there Based on ngtcp2ngtcp2 and quichequiche FallbackFallback is tricky Try it! Try it! @bagder@bagder
- 50. HTTP/3 will taketimeHTTP/3 will take time HTTP/3 will grow slowerHTTP/3 will grow slower Some will stick to HTTP/2Some will stick to HTTP/2 QUIC is for the long termQUIC is for the long term @bagder@bagder
- 51. FutureFuture MultipathMultipath Forward error correctionForwarderror correction Unreliable streamsUnreliable streams More application protocolsMore application protocols @bagder@bagder
- 52. Take-aways HTTP/3 is comingsoonHTTP/3 is coming soon HTTP/3 is always encryptedHTTP/3 is always encrypted Similar to HTTP/2 but over QUICSimilar to HTTP/2 but over QUIC QUIC is transport over UDPQUIC is transport over UDP Challenges to overcomeChallenges to overcome Early 2020?Early 2020? @bagder@bagder
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- 54. Daniel Stenberg @bagder https://daniel.haxx.se/ Thank you!Thankyou! Questions?Questions? @bagder@bagder
- 55. Credits QUIC drafts: https://quicwg.github.io/ Images:https://pixabay.com/ This presentation is provided under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License @bagder@bagder