This document provides an update on pharmacoeconomics in Ireland in July 2016. It discusses Ireland's total drug expenditure, the health technology assessment (HTA) process used to evaluate new drugs, and efforts to contain costs. Key points include: total drug spending was €2.18 billion in 2014, the HTA process assesses cost-effectiveness and impacts on the healthcare budget, and containing drug costs remains a priority to free up funds for other healthcare initiatives.
OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Associate Professor Paula Lorgelly, Deputy Director, Office of Health Economics
From the Antipodes to the Motherland: reflections on HTA decision makers as budget takers and budget makers
In this presentation, OHE's Mestre-Ferrandiz summarizes what is known about innovation, both challenges and incentives, and applies this to efforts to encourage the development of new antibiotics.
OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Associate Professor Paula Lorgelly, Deputy Director, Office of Health Economics
From the Antipodes to the Motherland: reflections on HTA decision makers as budget takers and budget makers
In this presentation, OHE's Mestre-Ferrandiz summarizes what is known about innovation, both challenges and incentives, and applies this to efforts to encourage the development of new antibiotics.
In this presentation, OHE's Shah explains what a QALY is, how NICE has used QALYs in its decisions, whether and when other factors might take priority -- e.g. in end-of-life situations, and the importance of systematically gathering and analysing public preferences about such exceptions.
Incorporating Life-cycle Price Modelling into Pharmaceutical Cost-effectivene...Office of Health Economics
In this presentation, OHE's Pistollato explains why it is important to consider price changes after marketing in CEA analysis and presents an approach for doing so.
Regulatory Update Panel
An overview of all Health Canada policies supporting access to Drugs for Rare Diseases, including regulatory pathways and support for innovation, patient engagement, Special Access Programs, aligned HC/CADTH/INESSS, international harmonization, post-market monitoring, support for patient registries, current status and relevance of biosimilars for rare disease patients
Rare Disease Day Conference 2020 March 9-10
High-cost, innovative pharmaceuticals are one serious challenge for health care systems today. At a panel that explored how this might be addressed in Asia, Adrian identified the issues and discussed the potential role of managed entry agreements (MEAs) and performance-based risk-sharing arrangements (PBRSAs). In essence, these measures allow a new medicine to be marketed while additional data about its use in actual clinical practice are being collected. Implementing MEAs or PBSRAs can be difficult, he notes. Crucial to success are assessing local value and ensuring that measures are based on formal written agreements that clealry set out expectations and responsibilities for all stakeholders.
Health technology assessment (HTA) is familiar as technique for gauging the value of specific medical technologies or approaches to care. As Adrian Towse points out, however, HTA has a much broader, ‘macro’ role in contributing to the efficiency of health care systems and supporting universal health coverage. This is particularly crucial in the face of increasing demands and limited budgets.
Prof Angela Timoney
Presentation at EIPG - Royal Pharmaceutical Society Scientific Symposium "Advances in Technology Impacting the Pharmaceutical Industry" at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow 2015.
ECO 11: Transfer of Care to Pharmacy - Hassan Argomandkhah, Chair of Pharmacy...Innovation Agency
Hassan introduces the concept and key objectives of transfer of care to pharmacy (TCP). The slides include a project outline, an overview of TCP in Cheshire and Merseyside, and the benefits and potential savings of Electronic Transfer of Care to Pharmacy.
Please share this video with anyone who may be interested!
Watch all our webinars: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4dDQscmFYu_ezxuxnAE61hx4JlqAKXpR
In this webinar:
● A discussion on disparities in provincial reimbursement for cancer medications, and what patients can do about it
● Explanation of the different ways that cancer treatments are managed and funded across Canada, and outline the impact this has on patients depending on where they live in the country
View the video: https://youtu.be/NN3AcGYMXac
Follow our social media accounts:
Twitter - https://twitter.com/survivornetca
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This webinar provides insight into how the drug approval process affects what prescription drugs are available to patients in Canada. The presentation will cover the following topics: Who is responsible for prescription drug approval in Canada? How does the drug approval process impact patient access to medication? How can patients be involved in the drug approval process?
Ομιλία-Παρουσίαση: Edith Frénoy, Director of Market Access/HTA, European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries Associations (EFPIA)
Τίτλος Ομιλίας: «HTA cooperation in Europe: can it support the Greek debate?»
Delivered by Dr Michael Barry, National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics at the IPHA Annual Meeting 2010 during the Session entitled "Ensuring the best health outcomes for Irish patients while securing value for money".
In this presentation, OHE's Shah explains what a QALY is, how NICE has used QALYs in its decisions, whether and when other factors might take priority -- e.g. in end-of-life situations, and the importance of systematically gathering and analysing public preferences about such exceptions.
Incorporating Life-cycle Price Modelling into Pharmaceutical Cost-effectivene...Office of Health Economics
In this presentation, OHE's Pistollato explains why it is important to consider price changes after marketing in CEA analysis and presents an approach for doing so.
Regulatory Update Panel
An overview of all Health Canada policies supporting access to Drugs for Rare Diseases, including regulatory pathways and support for innovation, patient engagement, Special Access Programs, aligned HC/CADTH/INESSS, international harmonization, post-market monitoring, support for patient registries, current status and relevance of biosimilars for rare disease patients
Rare Disease Day Conference 2020 March 9-10
High-cost, innovative pharmaceuticals are one serious challenge for health care systems today. At a panel that explored how this might be addressed in Asia, Adrian identified the issues and discussed the potential role of managed entry agreements (MEAs) and performance-based risk-sharing arrangements (PBRSAs). In essence, these measures allow a new medicine to be marketed while additional data about its use in actual clinical practice are being collected. Implementing MEAs or PBSRAs can be difficult, he notes. Crucial to success are assessing local value and ensuring that measures are based on formal written agreements that clealry set out expectations and responsibilities for all stakeholders.
Health technology assessment (HTA) is familiar as technique for gauging the value of specific medical technologies or approaches to care. As Adrian Towse points out, however, HTA has a much broader, ‘macro’ role in contributing to the efficiency of health care systems and supporting universal health coverage. This is particularly crucial in the face of increasing demands and limited budgets.
Prof Angela Timoney
Presentation at EIPG - Royal Pharmaceutical Society Scientific Symposium "Advances in Technology Impacting the Pharmaceutical Industry" at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow 2015.
ECO 11: Transfer of Care to Pharmacy - Hassan Argomandkhah, Chair of Pharmacy...Innovation Agency
Hassan introduces the concept and key objectives of transfer of care to pharmacy (TCP). The slides include a project outline, an overview of TCP in Cheshire and Merseyside, and the benefits and potential savings of Electronic Transfer of Care to Pharmacy.
Please share this video with anyone who may be interested!
Watch all our webinars: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4dDQscmFYu_ezxuxnAE61hx4JlqAKXpR
In this webinar:
● A discussion on disparities in provincial reimbursement for cancer medications, and what patients can do about it
● Explanation of the different ways that cancer treatments are managed and funded across Canada, and outline the impact this has on patients depending on where they live in the country
View the video: https://youtu.be/NN3AcGYMXac
Follow our social media accounts:
Twitter - https://twitter.com/survivornetca
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/CanadianSurvivorNet
Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/survivornetwork
YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/user/Survivornetca
This webinar provides insight into how the drug approval process affects what prescription drugs are available to patients in Canada. The presentation will cover the following topics: Who is responsible for prescription drug approval in Canada? How does the drug approval process impact patient access to medication? How can patients be involved in the drug approval process?
Ομιλία-Παρουσίαση: Edith Frénoy, Director of Market Access/HTA, European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries Associations (EFPIA)
Τίτλος Ομιλίας: «HTA cooperation in Europe: can it support the Greek debate?»
Delivered by Dr Michael Barry, National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics at the IPHA Annual Meeting 2010 during the Session entitled "Ensuring the best health outcomes for Irish patients while securing value for money".
The role of health technology assessment bodies in the value of cancer care i...Francois MAIGNEN
This presentation details the role of European HTA bodies in the value of new cancer therapies in Europe. The presentation also describes the NICE scientific advice activities and the activities of the HTA / regulatory parallel advice.
The Conference Board of Canada - Tuesday, April 11, 2017 - Toronto, ON
"Leveraging Change Leadership: Driving Innovation Procurement Forward"
Presentació a càrrec de Antoni Gilabert, director de l'àrea de Farmàcia i del Medicament del CSC
The data and analytics of the new life sciences marketplace handoutFrank Wartenberg
Trends in the global healthcare market. Development of pharmaceuticals, market data and insights.
Presentation delivered at the 9th International Pharmaceutical Compliance Congress and Best Practices Forum, Brussels, 2015
The Regulatory Policy Institute, based in Oxford, holds an annual conference on competition and regulation. At this year’s conference, OHE’s Jon Sussex described how the prescription medicines market in England is regulated for innovation.
The regulatory problem for the pharmaceutical market is different from that for utilities markets, transport, financial services and indeed markets for all other types of goods and services. The source of the regulatory problem for prescription medicines in the NHS is that the consumer (patient) neither decides which medicine is prescribed nor is responsible for paying for it. For other goods and services, the consumer decides and pays, as well as consumes. In the pharmaceutical market under the NHS, it is the payer who effectively decides the value of an innovation, not the patient.
The cost and risk in drug development are high. To determine how best to target its R&D efforts, the pharmaceutical industry needs clear signals about what innovation the health care payer, the NHS, values. The recent history of such signalling has been dominated in England by the actions of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), whose assessments also have considerable influence internationally. Moreover, although England represents only 2% of the world pharmaceutical market, its prices are use as a reference for pricing in other markets.
How NICE expresses the value of medicines can be viewed as a mean of regulating innovation. NICE always has based its decisions about value on the incremental cost to the tax-funded health and social care services of the additional quality-adjusted life years a new medicine offers to patients. During the last year, NICE has been consulting on ways to broaden its assessment of value, particularly on whether to take account of the burden of disease and wider societal impacts beyond QALYs. The decisions have not yet been made and the signal to potential pharmaceutical innovators remains fuzzy.
Assessing the Life-Cycle Value Added of Second Generation Antipsychotics in S...Office of Health Economics
This research presented in a poster at HTAi 2019, Cologne (Germany) by a team of OHE and IHE researchers, estimates the value added by second generation antipsychotics over their life-cycle in the UK and Sweden. It concludes that considering the entire life-cycle, the value added by SGAs to the system is higher than the expected value estimated at launch. P&R decisions should consider how to measure, capture and take into account the value added by medicines over the long-run.
Author(s) and affiliation(s): Mikel Berdud (Office of Health Economics, London), Niklas Wallin-Bernhardsson (Institute for Health Economics, Stockholm), Bernarda Zamora (Office of Health Economics, London), Peter Lindgren (Institute for Health Economics, Stockholm), Adrian Towse (Office of Health Economics, London)
Event: HTAi 2019 Annual Meeting
Date: 18/06/2019
Location: Cologne, Germany
Guideline on setting health based exposure limits for use in risk identification in the manufacture of different medicinal products in shared facilities
Webinar 3: Alternative Approaches to Innovative Drug Pricing – 12:00pm on Wednesday, May 13, 2020. The third webinar will review Canada’s approach to managing drug prices with approaches used in other jurisdictions. A panel will discuss experiences with oncology therapies, rare disease drugs, and therapies for pandemics and other urgent situations as points of reference toward evolving alternatives to the proposed PMPRB guidelines.
Panel:
Martina Garau, Director, Office of Health Economics, UK;
Sandra Anderson, Senior VP, Innomar Strategies
PG Forest, Director, School of Public Policy, University of Calgary
Durhane Wong-Rieger, President & CEO, CORD
Moderator: Bill Dempster, 3Sixty Public Affairs
“WHO Medicines Safety Programme: Pharmacovigilance and risk minimization programs for biological products”
Illustrates the WHO work program on pharmacovigilance, with a focus on both small molecule chemically-synthesized medicines and biotherapeutics
Các quy định về hậu lưu hành thuốc ở Nhật Bản sử dụng dữ liệu thế giới thực để đánh giá và kiểm soát. Xem thêm các tài liệu khác trên kênh của Công ty Cổ phần Tư vấn Thiết kế GMP EU
Derick Mitchell_Biobanking from the patient perspective.pdfipposi
IPPOSI CEO Derick Mitchell presented the patient perspective on biobanking at the 2023 WECAN Academy for Cancer Patient Advocates on July 2nd, 2023 in Frankfurt, Germany.
Mental Health - Leading the data sharing charge with a rights-based approachipposi
Frankie Prendergast's (Digital Health Applications Programme Manager in St Patrick's Mental Health Services) presentation on health information at the 2023 IPPOSI Conference.
Muiris O'Connor, Assistant Secretary of the Department of Health, presented key government updates on health information at the 2023 IPPOSI Conference Building a Data Sharing Health Sector in Ireland.
Clinical Workflow for Capture of Patient Registry Dataipposi
Clare Harney, Managing Director of HD Health, gave a lightning presentation on managing data for patient registries at the 2023 IPPOSI Conference on Building a Data Sharing Health Sector in Ireland.
EU Clinical Trials Regulation - IPPOSI perspectiveipposi
IPPOSI CEO, Dr Derick Mitchell delivered a presentation on the EU Clinical Trials Regulation from the patients' perspective at the 20th International Conference on Pharmaceutical Medicine, Athens, Greece.
Patient Centricity in Value-based healthcare, Sept 2022ipposi
IPPOSI CEO Derick Mitchell delivered a presentation as part of the RCSI Value Based Healthcare Webinar on Patient Centricity on Sept 18th, 2022.
The Future of Value Based Healthcare in Ireland webinar series is run by The RCSI Healthcare Outcomes Research Centre, Janssen Sciences Ireland UC and Novartis Ireland.
2022 World Day Brain Event - IPPOSI Presentationipposi
Laura Kavanagh, Research and Advocacy Manager in IPPOSI, gave a presentation on World Brain Day 2022 at an event hosted by the Neurological Alliance of Ireland.
In October 2020, IPPOSI published a membership engagement survey on its draft 4-year strategy. This slide deck captures the summary results of the survey.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
4. 2014 figures show € 1,844 million in Community + € 336 million in Hospitals = € 2,180 m
Total expenditure on medicines approximately € 2,180,000,000 in 2014
5. Drug expenditure in Ireland
HTDS
Cost
€502 million in
2014
(27% of total
expenditure)
GMS
Volume
6. HSE 2016 Service Plan
“overall net expenditure on High Tech Drugs in 2016 is
maintained at 2015 outturn levels”
“this is dependent on the HSE’s capacity to contain approvals
for new medicines to overall funded levels”
“savings targets in relation to drugs/medicines will be achieved
in full – this is a key assumption”
7. So what is the approach ?
INN Generic
(5%)
Branded
Generic (7%)
Brand - off
patent (10%)
Patent Brand
(78%)
Reduce
expenditure in the
off patent side of
the market
Apply HTA to
the patented
side of the
market
1 2
Biosimilars ??3
8. The NCPE conducts the health technology assessment
(HTA) of pharmaceutical products for the Health Service
Executive (established April 1998)
Over 296 recommendations on products since 2006
22/7/2016
9. Cost-effectiveness a condition for
reimbursement
The Health Act 2013 confirms
that cost-effectiveness may be a
condition for the supply and
reimbursement of drugs.
11. The process begins
with the price
application by the
manufacturerRapid review to
determine whether a
full HTA is required
Full HTA with a 90
day time frame
NCPE submission
to the HSE – CPU.
The HTA process
The maximum price that a
company can apply for is the
average of the approved prices
in the 14 EU Member States
incl: Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden & the UK.
HSE Drugs
Group
The pharmaceutical company is
invited to submit an economic
dossier to demonstrate that the
product is value for money.
12. HSE Drugs Group
The Drugs Group includes representatives from HSE-
PCRS, NCPE, NCCP, Acute Hospitals, HSE Quality
& Improvement, HSE Clinical Programmes, HSE Chief
Financial Officer.
The HSE Drugs Group will publish the list of planned
dates for its meetings at the outset of each year. There
are approximately 6 meetings a year to consider the
NCPE recommendations.
For cancer drugs the input from the NCCP Technology
Review Group is also considered.
Companies will be advised that their drug is for consideration at the Drugs Group meeting and the
date of that meeting. Companies will also be advised in writing of the recommendation of the Drugs
Group within 14 days.
Recommendations from the HSE Drugs Group will be considered at the next HSE Leadership Team
meeting and a decision will be made within 45 days of the Drugs Group recommendation.
13. Assessment process following 2016 IPHA/HSE/DoH discussions
When the HSE receives a rapid review report or a HTA report it will
consider that report within 14 days, decisions are subject to the following:
(a) Criteria under Schedule 3 Part 3 of the 2013 Health Act
(b) Overall HSE resources as allocated by the Dail
14. ≤ € 20,000
/QALY
> € 20,000
≤ € 45,000/Q
> € 45,000
/QALY
Budget neutral
or ≤ €5 million
HSE – CPU HSE – CPU HSE
Leadership
> € 5 million
≤ € 20 million
HSE – CPU HSE
Leadership
HSE
Leadership
> € 20 million HSE
Leadership
HSE
Leadership
HSE
Leadership
QALY Threshold as per NCPE assessment
Net budget
impact (over
5 years ) as
per NCPE
assessment
for each
drug *
Decision Authority Level Table
* If the 5 year gross budget impact exceeds € 30 million HSE Leadership
15. The final decision on reimbursement is made by the HSE
in line with the Health Act 2013
In reaching its decision the HSE shall have regard to the criteria set out
in Schedule 3 Part 3 of the Act including:
1. The health needs of the public
2. The clinical need for the item
3. The resources available to the HSE
4. Potential budget impact of the item
5. Cost-effectiveness of meeting health needs by supplying the item
6. The proposed costs, benefits and risks of the item relative to
therapeutically similar items or listed items provided in other
health service settings and the level of certainty in relation to the
evidence of those costs, benefits and risks
16. Assessment process following 2016 IPHA/HSE/DoH discussions
The HSE has statutory responsibility for decisions on pricing and
reimbursement of drugs, in accordance with the Health (Pricing and
Supply of Medical Goods) Act 2013.
Where the HSE approves reimbursement of a drug, reimbursement will
be implemented within 45 days.
In a situation where the HSE cannot fund the drug from within existing
resources it may inform the Department of Health. The Department of
Health may bring a memorandum to Government in relation to the
funding implications.
17. “They are not political or ministerial decisions”
Nivolumab (Opdivio)
“game – changer”
“Decisions on which medicines are reimbursed by the
taxpayer are made on objective, scientific and economic
grounds by the HSE on the advice of the National Centre
for Pharmacoeconomics. They are not political or
ministerial decisions”
Kathleen Lynch
Oireachtas debate 2/2/2016
18. Number of products reviewed by the NCPE 2006 - 2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Medicines assessed
21/7/2016
19. A review of the HTA process 2010 - 2015
HTA not required = 108 (47%)
230 rapid
reviews A full HTA required = 122 (53%)
Payer led price Full HTA’s Undergoing HTA submission not
negotiation leading reported the HTA made n=24 (20%)
to reimbursement n=71 (58%) process n=15 (12%)
n = 12 (10%)
McCulloch L. & Barry M 2016 (in press)
Positive
reimbursement = 100
Negative
reimbursement = 8
Recommended Not at the submitted price Not recommended
n=19 (27%) n=44 (62%) n=8 (11%)
20. Estimating revealed weights for a multi criteria decision analysis
approach to Health Technology Assessments: A case study in Ireland
The analysis confirms that recommendations for or against
reimbursement of technologies are driven by the following:
Cost – effectiveness (ICER)
Quality of available evidence
Safety & Tolerability
Innovation
Schmitz S. et al 2013
22. Ipilimumab
‘Ippi’
Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4
(CTLA-4), a negative regulator of T cells, thereby augmenting T-cell activation and proliferation.
It is indicated for the treatment of advanced melanoma in adults who received prior therapy.
Health Technology Assessment & the public
September 2011
Price: € 85,000/patient
Budget impact: € 4,800,000 - € 7,400,000 per annum
Δ median overall survival = 3.6 months
Basecase ICER: € 147,899/QALY or € 92,443/LYG
23. Ipilimumab
‘Ippi’
“We believe the Company has failed to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of
ipilimumab for the treatment of advanced melanoma in adult patients who received
prior therapy. We cannot recommend reimbursement at the submitted price”.
Health Technology Assessment & the public
September 2011
Price: € 85,000/patient
Budget impact: € 4,800,000 - € 7,400,000 per annum
Δ median overall survival = 3.6 months
Basecase ICER: € 147,899/QALY or € 92,443/LYG
Final ICER approx € 116,000/QALY
25. Innovation – definition ?
“a new or existing medicine applied in a way which significantly
improves healthcare at a price the HSE can afford”
• does not have to be a new product
• does have to significantly improve health outcomes
• does have to be affordable
there must be added value
26. ‘Personalised medicine’
The concept of individualising drug therapy in light of genomic
information is a rapidly developing area of clinical pharmacology
A personalised medication = cost-effective medication (surely !!)
27. Cost effectiveness of crizotinib (Xalkori) for the treatment of adult
patients with previously treated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)
– positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Price: € 49,719/patient
Budget impact: € 1,610,893 per annum
Δ median progression free survival (PFS) = 4.7 months
No evidence of an overall survival benefit ( 20.3 vs 22.8 months)
Basecase ICER: € 165,616/QALY
Probability that crizotinib is cost effective = 5%
€ 6,242.00
Crizotinib is a
tyrosine kinase
inhibitor
29. Reimbursement of Ipilimumab (Yervoy®) – opportunity cost !
Original price – revised price: implications for the treatment of other
patients with serious medical conditions such as hepatitis C & MS e.g.
We could treat an additional 65 patients with Fingolimod (Gilenya) or
We could treat an additional 60 patients with Telaprevir (Incivo)
31. Cost (€)
Effect
(QALY)
Recent ICERs
€ 23,000/QALY Rivaroxaban – AF
€ 16,023/QALY Telaprevir – Hep C
€ 11,411/QALY Boceprevir – Hep C
€ 116,000/QALY Ipilimumab MM
€ 112,905/QALY Vemurafenib MM
€ 105,420/QALY Abiraterone PC
Cabazitaxel PC € 110,032/QALY
Crizotinib NSCLC € 165,616/QALY ?
€ 203,028/QALY Pertuzumab BC ?
32. Cost (€)
Effect
(QALY)
Opportunity Cost !
€ 23,000/QALY Rivaroxaban – AF
€ 16,023/QALY Telaprevir – Hep C
€ 11,411/QALY Boceprevir – Hep C
€ 116,000/QALY Ipilimumab MM
€ 112,905/QALY Vemurafenib MM
€ 105,420/QALY Abiraterone PC
Cabazitaxel PC € 110,032/QALY
Crizotinib NSCLC € 165,616/QALY ?
€ 203,028/QALY Pertuzumab BC ?
33. After the HTA – what happens next ?
Health Technology Assessment
Positive HTA Negative HTA
Accept new
technology Reject new
technology
Price
negotiation
Performance
based schemes
&/or
Not at the
submitted
price
2
2c
1
2a
2b
34. ICER
The cost-effectiveness analysis usually includes a price/ICER assessment i.e.
pricing threshold analysis
This indicates the price of the product where the decision maker considers it
cost-effective or value for money
Price ICER relationship
Price (€) per patient/year
€100,000/QALY
€45,000/QALY
€35,000€10,000
Q1 For this particular
product the asking
price is € 35,000 per
patient per year. This
gives an ICER of
€100,000/QALY
which is not cost-
effective.
The product becomes
cost-effective at a
price ≤ €10,000 per
patient per year.
35. The challenge of risk sharing schemes
The payer funds the drug for a defined
period of time, with manufacturers
refunding the cost of the drug in
patients who did not achieve the
targeted health outcome (e.g.
bortezomib for Multiple Myeloma)
Barry & Tilson IMJ 2010;103(5):133
37. Ivacaftor for cystic fibrosis
Price of CF drug may be health cuts elsewhere
‘About one-third of the entire budget for new drugs this year will go
towards making new CF drug available’
Irish Times 2nd February 2013
40. Affordability – the real issue !!
€200 - €500
million
€ 50 - € 100
million/yr
€ 80 - € 90
million/yr
41. HSE 2016 Service Plan
‘new initiatives for 2016’
Funding set aside for new initiatives for 2016 is € 96.5 million
HSE € 38.5 million
- € 13 million acute hospitals
- € 10 million cancer services
- € 7.2 million disability services
Department of Health € 58 million
- € 35 million mental health
- € 13.5 million primary care
42. HSE 2016 Service Plan
‘new initiatives for 2016’
Funding set aside for new initiatives for 2016 is € 96.5 million
HSE € 38.5 million
- € 13 million acute hospitals
- € 10 million cancer services
- € 7.2 million disability services
Department of Health € 58 million
- € 35 million mental health
- € 13.5 million primary care
Opportunity Cost zone
45. Conclusions
• Cost containment in the area of pharmaceuticals will continue to be
a priority for the HSE as outlined in the 2016 HSE Service Plan –
biosimilars, reference pricing...
• The HTA process will likely continue as is with a greater emphasis
on the ‘rapid review’ component
• The IPHA/HSE negotiations may have implications for HTA e.g.
HSE willingness to pay
• Ongoing collaboration with stakeholders including patient
representatives and the Pharmaceutical Industry in relation to the
HTA process
• Continuation of NCPE involvement at the European level