High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)
Techniques:
High-Resolution
Hydrogeologic Characterization
Eric W. Garcia, PG, CEG, CHG
President/Principal Hydrogeologist
Sacramento, California
Global Reach
Geologists with HRSC Tools
ASC Service Offerings
• MIP - Membrane Interface Probe
• HPT - Hydraulic Profiling Tool
• OIP – Optical image Profiler
• UVOST® - Ultra-Violet Optical Screening Tool
• CPT - Cone Penetration Testing
• PST - Pneumatic Slug Testing
• 3-Dimensional (3D) Modeling & GIS Integration
• New Technology Evaluation
• What is HRSC?
• DP HRSC Technology Overview
• OIP – Optical Image Profiler
• HPT – Hydraulic Profiling Tool
• Typical Applications
High-Resolution Hydrogeologic Characterization
Presentation Overview
High-Resolution Site
Characterization (HRSC)
• Enhanced Site Details (Scale Appropriate)
• Reduce Uncertainty (Better CSM’s)
• Best Management Practice (BMP)
• Applicable to all Sites
• Data Density
– DQO (Data Quality Objective)
High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)
Data Density Example
30 Borings, 10 Wells, 10 Years
120 Soil & 400 GW Samples = 520 Data Points
10 DP Locations to 50 Feet (3 Days)
10 Locations x 20 Samples/Foot x 7 Channels =
>70,000 Data Points
High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)
HRSC Effectiveness
• Better Quality of Analytical Data (Selection)
• Better Definition of Analytical Data (Data Density)
• Reduction in Iterative Events (Project Time)
• No IDW’s
• Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)
• UVIF (OIP/LIF/UVOST®/ROST, FFD)
• Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)
• Cone Penetration Testing (CPT)
High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)
Direct Push Technologies
Direct-Push
HRSC Technology Overview
Optical Image Profiler (OIP)
NEW Technology!
UVIF Technology for Hi-Resolution
Real-Time Hydrocarbon Detection
OIP Technology Overview
Purpose:
• UV induced fluorescence of NAPL
hydrocarbons in soil.
Method:
• High intensity UV light directed at the
soil
• Hydrocarbons present fluoresce.
• An Image of the soil is captured.
• Analyzed for fluorescence.
Visible light images may also be obtained.
Light
Source
Camera
EC Dipole
Optical
Window
OIP Description
OIP Image
Cross Section of Logs
at crude oil spill site.
Fluorescence
Elec. Cond.
Fluorescence Image of Fuel
Globules in Soil
OIP Visible Images
Visible Image, Sand Matrix.
Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)
Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)
Key Features
• Fast, Continuous, Real-time Profiling
– Hydrostratigraphic/Hydrogeologic Characteristics
– Formation Hydraulic Properties
– Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC)
• High Resolution – 0.05 ft (1.5 cm)
• Digital Output
Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)
Primary Data Collected
• Electrical Conductivity (EC)
• HPT Pressure
• HPT Flow Rate
Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC)
Soil EC (Fresh Water)
Low EC = Coarse-Grained Soil
High EC = Fine-Grained Soils
Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC)
HPT Principals of Operation
Electrical Conductivity (EC) “fresh water formations”
• Increase EC = Increasing Fine Content
• Decrease EC = Coarser Grained
HPT Pressure (all formations)
• Increasing P = Decreasing Permeability
• Decreasing P = Increasing Permeability
HPT Principals of Operation
Relationships Between
EC, Pressure, & Flow
Coarse-Grained Soils
• Low EC
• High Flow
• Low Pressure
Fine-Grained Soils
• High EC
• Low Flow
• High Pressure
HPT Principals of Operation
Low EC, High Pressure, Low Flow
• Caliche
• Silty/Clayey Gravels
High EC, Low Pressure, High Flow
• Saline
• High TDS Waters
HPT Principals of Operation
Exceptions to the Rules
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
HYDRAULIC PROFILING TOOL (HPT)
HPT Applications
Hydrogeologic Characterization
• High-Resolution Hydrostratigraphic Modeling
• Piezometric Head – Confined & Unconfined Conditions
• Estimation of Hydraulic Conductivity (K)
• Infiltration/Permeability Studies
HPT Applications
CSM & Remedial Design/Implementation
• Migratory Pathway Delineation
• Target Lithology/Zone Identification & Delineation
• Well Placement & Construction
• Remedial Injection Calculations - ROI
• Remedial Action QA/QC
HPT Applications
• Estimation of Hydraulic Conductivity (K)
• Migratory Pathway Delineation
• Target Lithology/Zone Identification & Delineation
• Remedial Action QA/QC
• Well Placement & Construction
• Infiltration/Permeability Studies
Estimation of
Hydraulic Conductivity (K)
Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity (K)
Empirical Model
K = f(Q/PF)
*Model Limits ~0.1 to 75 ft/day
HPT Data needs to be corrected for:
• Atmospheric Pressure
• Column Height
PHPT = PATM + PH + PF
Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity (K)
Correcting for Hydrostatic Pressure
Hydrostatic
Pressure
2.31 ft = 1 psi
0.433 psi/ft
Migratory Pathway Delineation
EXAMPLE FORMER UST SITE
Paleo-Channel
Target Lithology/Zone Identification
& Delineation
Target Lithology/Zone Identification & Delineation
Remedial Hydraulic Fracturing QA/QC
Remedial Injection QA/QC
A’A
Remedial Injection QA/QC
Well Placement & Construction
Well Placement
& Construction
Zone B
Zone A
Infiltration/Permeability Studies
Groundwater Sustainability Plans (GSP)
Infiltration/Permeability Studies
Infiltration/Percolation Testing
Infiltration/Permeability Studies
HPT Investigation
Resources
Resources
HPT SOP: Geoprobe Technical Bulletin MK3137
Geoprobe Direct Imaging - http://www.geoprobe.com
HPT Standard Guide (ASTM D8037-16)
“Standard Guide for Direct Push Hydraulic Logging for Profile Variations of Permeability in Soils”
Accelerated Site Characterization [ASC] (ASTM E1912)
“Standard Guide for ASC for Confirmed or Suspected Petroleum Releases”
Expedited Site Characterization [ESC] (ASTM D6235)
“Standard Practice for ESC of Vadose Zone and Ground Water Contamination at Hazardous
Waste Contaminated Sites”
US EPA ESA (EPA-510-B-97-001)
“Expedited Site Assessment Tools for Underground Storage Tank Sites”
Resources
US EPA HRSC https://clu-in.org/characterization/technologies/hrsc/
US EPA Clu-In https://clu-in.org/characterization/
US EPA TRIAD http://www.triadcentral.org/
ASTM ESC http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6235.htm
ASTM ASC http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1912.htm
Brownfields https://brownfieldstsc.org/roadmap/contByInvTech.cfm
Questions?
Thank You!
Eric W. Garcia, PG, CEG, CHG
President/Principal Hydrogeologist
11275 Sunrise Gold Circle, Suite R
Rancho Cordova, California
(925) 756-1210 Office
ericgarcia@ASC-Technologies.com

HRSC Techniques: High-Resolution Hydrogeologic Characterization