HRSC Technologies: Using MiHpt for Rapid In-Situ Contaminant and Hydrostratigraphic Characterization The presentation was given at the Remediation Workshops in: * Dallas, TX - September 12, 2017 * San Antonio, TX - September 13, 2017 * Sacramento, CA - September 26, 2017 * Oakland, CA - September 27, 2017 * Fresno, CA - September 28, 2017 * Los Angeles County (Pasadena), CA - October 24, 2017 * Orange County (Santa Ana), CA - October 25, 2017 * San Diego, CA - October 26, 2017

1. High-Resolution Site Characterization
(HRSC)
Using MiHpt for Rapid In-Situ Contaminant and
Hydrostratigraphic Characterization

2. ASC Tech ServicesHigh-Resolution Site Characterization Technologies
MIP | HPT | OIP | UVOST® | CPT | EC | GTP
Eric W. Garcia, PG, CEG, CHG
President/Principal Hydrogeologist
Sacramento, California
Global Reach
Geologists with HRSC Tools

3. Former Vapors Cleaners, Monterey, California
ECA Drilling / Trinity Source Group

4. Kinder-Morgan Compressor Station, Duchesne, Utah
Vista GeoScience / USA Environmental

5. US Army Garrison – Kwajalein
Kwajalein Atoll Marshall Islands
HDR

6. ASC Service Offerings
• MIP - Membrane Interface Probe
• HPT - Hydraulic Profiling Tool
• OIP – Optical image Profiler
• UVOST® - Ultra-Violet Optical Screening Tool
• CPT - Cone Penetration Testing
• PST - Pneumatic Slug Testing
• 3-Dimensional (3D) Modeling & GIS Integration
• New Technology Evaluation

7. • Remedial Action Analysis
• High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)
• DP HRSC Technology Implementation
Presentation Overview

8. Remedial Action Analysis

9. • Project Limitations
– Cost Constraints
– Physical Constraints
• Technology Limitations
• Design Limitations
• Inadequate CSM
Remedial Action – Failure Analysis

10. • Inadequate CSM
– Micro/Macro Heterogeneities
– Preferential Pathways
– Organic/Geochemical State
– Over/Under Estimation
Remedial Action – Failure Analysis

11. High-Resolution Site
Characterization (HRSC)

12. Methodologies & Technologies
• Enhanced Site Details (Scale Appropriate)
• Reduce Uncertainty (Better CSM’s)
• Best Management Practice (BMP)
• Applicable to all Sites
• Data Density
– DQO (Data Quality Objective)
– Sample Efficiency
High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)

13. HRSC Effectiveness
• Better Quality of Analytical Data (Selection)
• Better Definition of Analytical Data (Data Density)
• Reduction in Iterative Events (Project Time)
• No IDW’s

14. • Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)
• UVIF (OIP/LIF/UVOST®/ROST, FFD)
• Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)
• Cone Penetration Testing (CPT)
Direct Push HRSC Technologies

15. HRSC DP Technologies
Key Features
• Fast, Continuous, Real-time Profiling
– Contaminant Detection & Delineation in Real Time
– Effective Screening Tool (Semi-Quantitative)
– Hydrostratigraphic/Hydrogeologic Characteristics
• High Resolution – 0.05 ft (1.5 cm)
• Digital Output

16. “Traditional” Methodology
30 Borings, 10 Wells, 10 Years
120 Soil & 400 GW Samples = 520 Data Points
DP HRSC Methodology
10 DP Locations to 50 Feet (3 Days)
10 Locations x 20 Samples/Foot x 7 Channels =
>70,000 Data Points
HRSC Data Density Example

17. Direct-Push
HRSC Technology Implementation

18. Optical Image Profiler (OIP)
UVIF Technology for Hi-Resolution
Real-Time Hydrocarbon Detection

19. OIP Technology Overview

20. Purpose:
• UV induced fluorescence of NAPL
hydrocarbons in soil.
Method:
• High intensity UV light directed at the
soil
• Hydrocarbons present fluoresce.
• An Image of the soil is captured.
• Analyzed for fluorescence.
Visible light images may also be obtained.
Light
Source
Camera
EC Dipole
Optical
Window
OIP Description

21. OIP Image

22. Fluorescence Image of Fuel
Globules in Soil
OIP Visible Images
Visible Image, Sand Matrix.

23. Cross Section of Logs
at crude oil spill site.
Fluorescence
Elec. Cond.

24. Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)
Real-Time Hydrogeologic Characterization

25. Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)
Primary Data Collected
• Electrical Conductivity (EC)
• HPT Pressure
• HPT Flow Rate

26. Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC)
Soil EC (Fresh Water)
Low EC = Coarse-Grained Soil
High EC = Fine-Grained Soils

27. Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC)

28. HPT Principals of Operation

29. Relationships Between
EC, Pressure, & Flow
Coarse-Grained Soils
• Low EC
• High Flow
• Low Pressure
Fine-Grained Soils
• High EC
• Low Flow
• High Pressure
HPT Principals of Operation

30. Low EC, High Pressure, Low Flow
• Caliche
• Silty/Clayey Gravels
High EC, Low Pressure, High Flow
• Saline
• High TDS Waters
HPT Principals of Operation
Exceptions to the Rules

31. Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)
Real-Time VOC Delineation

32. MIP Principals of Operation

33. Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)
Electron Capture Device (ECD)
• Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
– (TCE, PCE, Chloroform, Carbon Tet)
Halogen-Specific Detector (XSD)
• Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
– (TCE, PCE, Chloroform, Carbon Tet, Vinyl
Chloride, cis-1,2-DCE, Methylene Chloride)
Flame Ionization Detector (FID)
• Straight-chained hydrocarbons
(methane, butane).
Photo-Ionization Detector (PID)
• Hydrocarbons (BTEX compounds)

34. MIP Detectors & Typical Detection Limits
(mg/L, ppm)*
PID FID ECD XSD
Benzene 0.5 5 --- ---
Toluene 0.5 5 --- ---
PCE 2.5 25 0.25 0.25
TCE 2.5 25 0.25 0.25
* NEW Low-Level MIP (LL-MIP) ~10 Fold Increase in Sensitivity

35. Peak =
4,581,000 µV

36. Typical Applications
MIP – HPT – MiHpt

37. Typical Applications
• Estimation of Hydraulic Conductivity (K)
• Migratory Pathway Delineation
• Target Lithology/Zone Identification & Delineation
• Remedial Action QA/QC
• Well Placement & Construction
• Infiltration/Permeability Studies
• High-Resolution Hydrostratigraphic Modeling

38. Estimation of
Hydraulic Conductivity (K)

39. Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity (K)
Empirical Model
K = f(Q/PF)
*Model Limits ~0.1 to 75 ft/day
HPT Data needs to be corrected for:
• Atmospheric Pressure
• Column Height
PHPT = PATM + PH + PF

41. Migratory Pathway Delineation

42. EXAMPLE FORMER UST SITE
Paleo-Channel

43. Target Lithology/Zone Identification
& Delineation

44. Target Lithology/Zone Identification & Delineation
Remedial Hydraulic Fracturing QA/QC

45. Remedial Injection QA/QC

46. A’A
Remedial Injection QA/QC

47. Well Placement & Construction

48. Zone B
Zone A

49. Resources

50. Resources
Accelerated Site Characterization [ASTM E1912-98 (2004)]
“Standard Guide for Accelerated Site Characterization for Confirmed or Suspected
Petroleum Releases”
Expedited Site Characterization (ASTM D6235-04)
“Standard Practice for Expedited Site Characterization of Vadose Zone and Ground Water
Contamination at Hazardous Waste Contaminated Sites”
Environmental Cleanup Best Management Practices (EPA-542-F-10-010)
Best Management Practices: Use of Systematic Project Planning Under a Triad Approach
for Site Assessment and Cleanup
Environmental Cleanup Best Management Practices (EPA-542-F-11-011)
Environmental Cleanup Best Management Practices: Effective Use of the Project Life
Cycle Conceptual Site Model
Expedited Site Assessment Tools (EPA-510-B-97-001)
Expedited Site Assessment Tools for Underground Storage Tank Sites: A Guide for
Regulators

51. Resources
US EPA TRIAD - http://www.triadcentral.org/
US EPA HRSC - https://clu-in.org/characterization/technologies/hrsc/
US EPA Clu-In - https://clu-in.org/characterization/
Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council (ITRC) - http://www.itrcweb.org/
ASTM ESC - http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6235.htm
ASTM ASC - http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1912.htm
Geoprobe Direct Imaging - http://www.geoprobe.com
Brownfields & LRTSC - https://brownfieldstsc.org/roadmap/contByInvTech.cfm

52. Eric W. Garcia, PG, CEG, CHG
President/Principal Hydrogeologist
11275 Sunrise Gold Circle, Suite R
Rancho Cordova, California
(925) 756-1210 Office
ericgarcia@ASC-Technologies.com

53. LL-MIP Principals of Operation

54. Standard MIP vs LL-MIP
Modified from Geoprobe 2016

55. Standard MIP vs LL-MIP
Modified from Geoprobe 2016

56. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
EXAMPLE PROJECTS

57. US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA)
Marshall Islands

61. US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA)

63. US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA)

64. Former Vapors Cleaners - Monterey, California
The Probing Times, Spring 2015

65. City of Monterey
Window on The Bay
Lake El Estero
Former Vapors Cleaners
Monterey, California