Synergistic Strategies for Direct-Push HRSC in Remedial Actions This presentation was given at the AEHS 36th Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water, and Energy on October 20, 2020, at UMASS, Amherst, Massachusetts. http://www.aehsfoundation.org/east-coast-conference.aspx Session 05: Synergistic Technology Applications for Soil, Groundwater, and Sediment Day: Tuesday, October 20, 2020 Time: 10:00 AM - 1:30 PM Location: Room 2 Session Type: Platform Session

1. High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC):
Eric W. Garcia, PG, CEG, CHG
Principal Hydrogeologist
Synergistic Strategies for
Direct-Push HRSC in Remedial Actions
36th Annual International Conference on
Soils, Sediments, Water, and Energy
October 19-23, 2020

2. •Remedial Action Analysis
•What is HRSC?
•DP HRSC Technologies
•DP HRSC Use in Remedial Action & QA/QC
Overview

3. Remedial Action
Failure Analysis

4. Causes:
• Inadequate Conceptual Site Models (CSM)
• Design Limitations
• Technology Limitations
• Project Limitations
Cost Constraints
Physical Constraints
Remedial Action - Failure Analysis

5. Inadequate CSM:
• Micro/Macro Heterogeneities
• Preferential Pathways
• Organic/Geochemical State
• Over/Under Estimation
Remedial Action - Failure Analysis

6. • Discovery
• Characterization
• Remediation
• Closure/Post-Remediation
Characterization Remediation
Remedial Action – Project Life Cycle

7. • PLAN!!
TRIAD, ESC, ASC…
• Constrain - Iterate - Adapt
• Limiting Factors of Remedial Action
• Technology Selection to Differentiate
• Understand Micro/Macro Heterogeneities
• Leverage HRSC for Discrete Sampling
Remedial Action – Data Quality Objectives (DQO)

8. Time = $$
Key Point

9. High-Resolution Site
Characterization
(HRSC)
What is HRSC?

10. High-
Resolution Site
Characterization
(HRSC)
Methodologies & Technologies
• Enhanced Site Details
• Reduce Uncertainty (SCM)
• Standard of Care
• Application to all Sites
• Data Density
Data Quality Objective
Sample Efficiency

11. • Fast, Continuous, Real-time Profiling
• High Resolution – 0.05 ft (1.5 cm)
• Digital Output
DP High-
Resolution Site
Characterization
(HRSC)

12. DP HRSC is NOT
• A Replacement for Discrete Analytical Sampling
DP HRSC CAN
• Compliment & Improve Discrete Analytical Sampling
Define Preferential Sample Locations
High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)

13. Benefits:
• Reduced IDW’s
• Better Analytical Data Quality (Selection)
• Better Analytical Data Definition (Data Density)
• Reduction in Iterative Events (Project Time)
Time = $$
High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)

14. HRSC Technology Selection
The Right Tool for the Right Job!
• Understand the Objective
• Differentiate Target from Matrix
• Efficient Use of Field Resources
High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)

15. Return to the Basics
NUS, MLE & MWH
• No Unique Solution
• Multiple Lines of Evidence
• Multiple Working Hypotheses
High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)

16. Data Progression
• Physical Sample Collection & Analysis
• HRSC Data Collection
• Real-Time Decisions
• Physical Sample Collection & Analysis
HRSC Data Management, Modeling, Analysis/Analytics

17. “Traditional” Methodology
30 Borings, 10 Wells, 5 Years
120 Soil & 200 GW Samples = 320 Data Points
COST?
>$100K
cost/datapoint ≥ $315
HRSC Data Density Example

18. DP HRSC Methodology
10 DP Locations to 50 Feet (3 Days)
10 Locations x 20 Samples/Foot x 7 Channels =
>70,000 Data Points
COST?
>$25K
cost/datapoint ≥ $0.35
HRSC Data Density Example

19. HRSC Data Collection
• Data Volume & Management
• Physical Sample Collection
• HRSC Data
• MiHPT (100’s KB per boring)
• OIP (1 GB per boring)
HRSC Data Management, Modeling, Analysis/Analytics

20. HRSC Data Collection
• Analysis (Past to Present)
• Modeling – Volumetrics, Target ID
• Trend Analysis
• QA/QC
• Analytics (Future)
• Modeling – Predictive
• AI, Machine Learning, DL
• Feature Identification
• Model Development
HRSC Data Management, Modeling, Analysis/Analytics

21. High-Resolution Site
Characterization
(HRSC)
Direct-Push HRSC Technologies

22. DP HRSC Technologies
• Hydrogeologic/Stratigraphic
• Cone Penetration Testing (CPT)
• Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)
• Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC)
• Chemical
• Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)
• Optical
• UVIF (OIP/LIF/UVOST®/ROST, FFD)
• Green IF (OIP-G/TarGOST®)

23. HPT – Hydraulic Profiling Tool
Hydrogeologic/Stratigraphic Tools
Formation Permeability with Depth

24. HPT Primary Data Collected
• HPT Pressure
• HPT Flow Rate
• Electrical Conductivity (EC)

25. HPT
Principals of
Operation

26. HPT – Hydraulic
Profiling Tool
Common Uses:
• Determine Static Water Level
• Hydraulic Conductivity (Kest)
• Formation Permeability
• Migration Pathways
• Groundwater Specific Conductance in sands

27. MIP – Membrane Interface Probe
Chemical Sensing Tools
Semi-Quantitative VOC Detection with Depth

28. 1) Field Instrument
2) HPT Controller
3) MIP Controller
4) GC – Detectors
MIP – System Components

29. MIP
Principals of
Operation

30. MIP - Detectors
Electron Capture Device (ECD)
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
(TCE, PCE, Chloroform, Carbon Tet)
Halogen-Specific Detector (XSD)
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
(TCE, PCE, Chloroform, Carbon Tet, Vinyl Chloride,
cis-1,2-DCE, Methylene Chloride)
Photo-Ionization Detector (PID)
Hydrocarbons
(VOC’s, CVOC’s, BTEX compounds)
Flame Ionization Detector (FID)
Straight-chained hydrocarbons
(methane, butane)

31. OIP – Optical Image Profiler
Optical Screening Tools (OST)
Induced Optical Fluorescence with Depth

32. OIP-UV
Purpose:
• UV induced fluorescence of NAPL
hydrocarbons in soil.
Method:
• UV light directed at the soil
• Hydrocarbons present fluoresce.
• An Image of the soil is captured.
• Analyzed for fluorescence.
• Visible light images may also be obtained.

33. OIP-G
Purpose:
• Green light induced fluorescence of NAPL
hydrocarbons in soil.
Method:
• Green light directed at the soil
• Hydrocarbons present fluoresce.
• An Image of the soil is captured.
• Analyzed for fluorescence.
• IR light images may also be obtained.

34. OIP-UV Images

35. DP HRSC Use in
Remedial Action & QA/QC

36. Goals:
• Verify Emplacement of Remedial Compounds
• Quantify Additional Effort
DP HRSC Use in Remedial Action & QA/QC

37. Verify Emplacement of Remedial Compounds
• Pre & Post Injection Survey – Transect or Grid
• Changes in Pore Space Characteristics
• Pore Water Chemistry (EC, TDS, etc…)
• Pore Space Permeability
• Tracer/Fracture Delineation
DP HRSC Use in Remedial Action & QA/QC

38. Changes in Pore Space Characteristics
• Pore Water Chemistry (EC, TDS, etc…)
• Pore Space Permeability
• Tracer/Fracture Delineation
DP HRSC Use in Remedial Action & QA/QC

39. Changes in Pore Space Characteristics
• Pore Water Chemistry (EC, TDS, etc…)
• ISCO (e.g. Fenton’s Reagent) EC>>1000 mS/m
DP HRSC Use in Remedial Action & QA/QC

40. Changes in Pore
Space
Characteristics
• Pore Water Chemistry
• EC>>1000 mS/m
• Injected Material <<100 mS/m

41. Changes in Pore Space Characteristics
• Pore Space Permeability
• Precipitation (ORC)
• Fluid Density
DP HRSC Use in Remedial Action & QA/QC

42. Changes in Pore Space Characteristics - Soil Hydraulic Fracturing
Injected Media/Proppant
• Coke Breeze
• Sand, Silica
• Potassium Permanganate
• ZVI
• Tracers (Rhodamine Dye, Saline Water, etc.)
DP HRSC Use in Remedial Action & QA/QC

43. OIP - Rhodamine Dye
Natural Light UV Light UV Light
LNAPL Example
Rhodamine Dye Example

44. Remedial Hydraulic Fracturing QA/QC

45. Remedial Injection QA/QC

46. Paleo-Channel
Example UST Release Site
“Traditional Method”

47. DP HRSC Technologies:
•Reduce Uncertainty/CSM
•Efficient
•Cost Effective
DP HRSC – Closing Thoughts

48. Questions?
Eric W. Garcia PG, CEG, CHG
President/Principal Hydrogeologist
ASC-HRSC
P.O. Box 2662
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Office: (925) 756-1210
ericgarcia@asc-hrsc.com