The document discusses the relationship between the Holy Roman Emperors and the Popes from the 10th century to the early 13th century. It describes key events like Otto I being crowned Emperor by the Pope, establishing the Holy Roman Empire. It also discusses conflicts over lay investiture between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV, resolved by the Concordat of Worms. Later emperors like Frederick Barbarossa and Frederick II continued struggles with the popes over power and territories in Italy. Pope Innocent III asserted supremacy over all rulers and launched the Albigensian Crusade against heretics in Southern France.

1. The Holy Roman Emperors
And
The Popes
Chapter 9 Section 2

2. Otto I (962)
Appointed bishops and abbots to
government jobs
Took an army to Italy to help the
pope put down a rebellion by
Roman nobles
Crowned EMPEROR by the
Pope
Holy Roman Empire established

3. The Holy Romans EMPERORS' Lands
Holy, because crowned by Pope ... Roman, because
viewed themselves as heirs of Roman Emperors
Italy
France

4. Fought with the HRE Henry IV over appointment of
church officials
Excommunicated Henry
Banned Lay Investiture
German princes support the Pope to undermine Henry
Henry repented to the Pope at Canossa
Henry took an army to Rome and forced the Pope into
exile
HRE Henry IV
Lay Investiture
Pope Gregory VII

5. Concordat of Worms
Bans Lay Investiture
The Church had the
sole power to elect and
invest bishops with
spiritual authority
The Emperor had the
right to invest them with
fiefs

6. Frederick I
Barbarrosa
Wanted to build an empire from the
Baltic Sea to the Adriatic Sea
Fought for northern Italian cities
Arranges a marriage for his son with
an Italian heiress
Italian cities and Pope defeat him
Leads to German emperors more
involved with Italian affairs

7. Frederick II
Grandson of Frederick I
Raise in Italy
More Italian then German
Clashed with Pope
German nobles become more
powerful
Southern Italy in ruins

8. Innocent III
Claimed supremacy over all rulers
Clashed with King John over the
appointing of Archbishop of
Canterbury
Clashed with King Philip II of
France over an annulment
Clashed with HRE Frederick II
Albigensian Crusade; thousands of
people killed

9. Albigensian Crusade
Pope Innocent and King Philip IV of France launched a
holy war against the Albigensians in Southern France.

10. Albigensian Crusade
Pope Innocent and King Philip IV of France launched a
holy war against the Albigensians in Southern France.