The document describes a scenario of a child playing with mud alone. It presents three potential occurrences: 1) The child tries unsuccessfully to fill a cup with mud using a fork, feels frustrated, but then feels satisfied when succeeding with a spoon. 2) A stranger unexpectedly scolds the child, making them feel anxious, alarmed and afraid, causing them to run away in fear. 3) The child returns to their parent for protection but the parent also rebukes them, making the child feel ashamed and begin to cry. The document discusses how experiences and emotions shape a child's concepts and lessons through trial and error. It questions details about the child, stranger and parent involved, and observes how

1. CIIC#5995&100#/#ICOM#5995&100
Human#Perspective#in#Artificial#Intelligence#
(HPAI)
Professor'José'Meléndez,'PhD
https://zoom.us/j/961889222
“This distinction between thinking and emotion has wasted a
century of psychologists' time, because they don't understand
that each emotion is a particular way to think.”
< Marvin Minsky (1927/2016)

2. Announcements
• Homework(#7(due(Wednesday,(April(10,(2019(by(
11:59PM.
• Do#not#wait#until#last#minute#to#upload#the#two#files.
• Do#not#forget#to#explain#in#text#in#Moodle#what#a#user#
must#do#to#use#the#functionality#allowing#input#of#a#
review#for#a#rating#prediction.
• Zoom(Links(for(April(2019
• April#8:###https://zoom.us/j/961889222
• April#10:#https://zoom.us/j/869083478
• April#15:#https://zoom.us/j/955599657
• April#17:#https://zoom.us/j/357654736#
• April#22:#https://zoom.us/j/449807517#(ONLINE(ONLY)
• April#24:#https://zoom.us/j/238801790
• April#29:#https://zoom.us/j/427557182

3. Project(Request(– Prepa Maker
• Using&AI&and&Classroom&Faces&to&make&a&New&Face
• Julio&and&Maria&would&like&to&make&an&HPAI&Face
• Request&for&you&to&stay&a&few&minutes&after&class
• Alternatively&email&either&of&them&to&coordinate:
• julio.aguilar@upr.edu
• maria.cordero6@upr.edu
• This&is&completely&optional.

4. Required(Reading
• Brains,(Minds,(AI,(God:(Marvin(Minsky(Thought(Like(No(
One(Else((Tribute)
• https://www.space.com/amp/32153KgodKartificialKintelligenceK
andKtheKpassingKofKmarvinKminsky.html
• Interview(article(by(Robert(Kuhn
• An(unusual(article(about(an(unusual(yet(influential(person(
• How(Emotions(are(Made:(The(Secret(Life(of(the(Brain
• Chapter(6:(How(the(Brain(Makes(Emotions
• Chapter(7:(Emotions(as(Social(Reality
• Chapter(8:(A(New(View(of(Human(Nature
• Chapter(9:(Mastering(Your(Emotions
• Chapter(13:(From(Brain(to(Mind:(The(New(Frontier
• The(brain(integrates,(“so(much(information(from(multiple(sources(
so(efficiently(that(it(can(support(consciousness.”

5. Next%Up
• Emotions
• Review,of,Modeling,Perception,(“Model”,Models)
• Emotions,in,Artificial,Intelligence,Systems

6. Marvin'Minsky
• American)Cognitive)Scientist
• Well3Recognized)Artificial)Intelligence)Scientist
• Founder)MIT)AI)Laboratory)(1959)
• SNARC)(1951)
• The)Emotion)Machine)(2006)
• Turing)Award)Winner)(1969)
• Minsky)was)an)atheist
• Society)of)Mind)Theory)(1970s)
• Intelligence)is)the)product)of)the)interaction)of)))))))))))non3
intelligent)parts
• Recall:'Words'are'meaningful'concepts'comprised'of'
meaningless'letters.
• Humans)are)machines)with)intelligence)arising)from)
many)unintelligent,)semi3autonomous)agents)of)the)
brain.

7. Myths
• Logical(decision-making(is(separate(and(distinct(from(
emotion
• Logical(thinking(is(separate(and(distinct(from(emotional(
thinking
• Thinking(is(separate(and(distinct(from(emotion
• Emotions(are(inherently(good(or(bad
• We(“express”(our(emotions(distinctly(from(our(thoughts
• We(can(feel(the(emotions(of(others
• Humans(uniquely(feel(emotions(because(we(are(made(up(
of(fundamentally(different(materials(than(animals

8. Key$Questions
• How$do$the$physical$systems$in$our$bodies$and$
brains$produce$feelings$and$thoughts?
• What$are$the$relevant$components$of$the$physical$
systems?
• How$do$non:intelligent$components$collaborate$to$
realize$intelligence?
• Are$we$really$intelligent?

9. How$Your$Emotional$Abilities$Develop
• Your%brain%is%comprised%of%networked%neurons.
• Your%brain%develops%while%trapped%inside%your%head%and%
body.
• Your%brain%develops%within%a%reality%it%can%never%truly%
know.
• Your%brain%in%your%head%in%your%body%develops%
interacting%with%other%brains%in%other%heads%in%other%
bodies.
• These%interactions%contribute%meaningfully%to%who%you%
are%and%what%you%“care”%(feel%concern,%interest,%or%
importance)%about%today%and%in%your%future.
• What%you%care%about%(or%what%you%think%others%you%
care%about%care%about)%is%strongly%connected%to%what%
you%experience%emotion%about.

10. Why$Emotions$are$so$Important
• Emotions(signal(your(brain(to(devote(attention(to(
something(you care(about.
• Body(Budget
• Affective(Niche
• Emotions(form(part(of(the(computations(your(mind(
makes(as(it(constantly(predicts(the(world(around(it(and(
what(it(should(do(within(it.
• Yes(emotions(do(not(explicitly(provide(information(
regarding(cause((affective(realism)(or(action
• Whether(innate(or(not,(the(concepts(used(in(forming(
your(emotional(thoughts((all(your(thoughts)(may(not(be(
completely(accessible(to(your(consciousness((as(for(
your(other(senses).
• Whether(innate(or(not,(the(concepts(used(in(forming(
your(thoughts(may(not(all(be(changeable.

11. Playing(in(Mud
The$Emotion$Machine,$Marvin$Minsky$(Adapted)
http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/eb2.html
https://tinkergarten.com/activities/makingCmud
A$child$is$playing$with$
mud.$Equipped$with$a$
fork,$a$spoon,$and$a$cup,$
the$goal$is$to$bake$a$
makeCbelieve$cake,$the$
way$a$parent$had.$Let’s$
assume$that$the$child$is$
playing$alone,$and$
imagine$three$things$that$
might$happen.

12. Playing(in(Mud(– Occurrence(Set(#1
• Playing(alone. A(child(wants(to(fill(a(cup(with(mud,(
and(first(tries(to(do(this(with(a(fork,(but(this(fails(
because(the(mud(slips(through.(The(child(feels(
frustrated(and(disappointed.(But(when(success(is(
achieved(by(using(the(spoon,(the(child(feels(satisfied(
and(pleased.
• Experience)and)Lessons
• A)fork)does)not)carry)mud)well)(intermediate)failure)
• Spoons)carry)fluids)well)(intermediate)success)
• By)trial)and)error
• Self<taught)(and)self<reinforced)“emotionally”)
The)Emotion)Machine,)Marvin)Minsky)(Adapted)
http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/eb2.html

13. • A Stranger)Scolds.)Unexpectedly,)a)stranger)
reproaches:)"That's)a)gross)thing)to)do.")The)child)
feels)anxious,)alarmed,)and)afraid.)Overcome)by)fear)
and)an)urge)to)escape,)the)child)puts)the)present)
goal)on)hold—and)runs)to)find)a)parent.)
• Experience)and)Lessons
• That)playing)in)mud)is)gross?)(Emotions)change)the)focus)
• The)place)is)dangerous)(association)to)place)
• Should)be)less)adventurous)(when)reinforced)
• Self?taught)(and)self?reinforced)“emotionally”)
• But)what)prior)experiences)contributed)to)being)
overcome)by)fear)? feeling)anxious,)alarmed,)and)afraid?
Playing(in(Mud(– Occurrence(Set(#2
The)Emotion)Machine,)Marvin)Minsky)(Adapted)
http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/eb2.html

14. • Parent’s)Reproach.)The)child)returns)to)a)parent's)
protection—but)instead)of)assurance,)the)parent)
rebukes.)"What)a)disgraceful)mess)you've)made!)
See)what)you've)done)to)your)clothes)and)face.)I)
cannot)stand)to)look)at)you!")The)child,)ashamed,)
begins)to)cry.)
• Experience)and)Lessons
• Less)inclined)to)play)with)mud
• Less)likely)to)venture)out)alone
• Ashamed)instead)of)proud.
Playing(in(Mud(– Occurrence(Set(#3
The)Emotion)Machine,)Marvin)Minsky)(Adapted)
http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/eb2.html

15. • Emotional)Concepts)(States))of)Thought
• excitement,)frustration,)disappointment,)satisfaction,)
pleased)(pleasure),)accomplished,)confidence
• surprise,)anxious,)alarm,)fear,)panic
• disgrace,)ugly,)ashamed,)uncertain,)lonely
• Participants
• Child)– Has)access)to)own)senses,)perceptions,)
memories,)and)thoughts)(inclusive)of)emotions)
• Stranger)– Created)occurrences)(Direct)and)Internal))
influencing)Child’s)reality.
• Parent)– Created)occurrences)(Direct)and)Internal))
influencing)Child’s)reality
Playing(in(Mud(– Discussion
The)Emotion)Machine,)Marvin)Minsky)(Adapted)
http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/eb2.html

16. • Child
• About+how+old+is+the+child?
• Is+the+child+a+boy+or+a+girl?
• Stranger
• About+how+old+is+the+stranger?
• Is+the+stranger+a+man+or+a+woman?
• Parent
• About+how+old+is+the+parent?
• Is+the+parent+a+man+or+a+woman?+
• How+is+the+child+related+to+the+parent?
Playing(in(Mud(– Questions

17. • If#you#are#20#years#old
• You#have#lived#at#least#7,300#days
• You#have#had#at#least#175,000#hours#of#experiences
• You#have#had#at#least#10,500,000#minutes#for#Occurrences#
• Participants
• Child#– 4#years#old#or#200,000#Occurrence#Minutes#(OMs)#
• Stranger#– 50#years#old#or#2.4#Billion#OMs#
• Parent#– 31#years#old#or#1.5#Billion#OMs
• Your#Experiences#span#your#OMs#forming#your#
Concepts#(emotional#and#otherwise)#that#inform#your#
Prediction#“Defaults”.
• Prediction#Defaults#are#also#known#as#Mental#Shortcuts#
or#Biases
Playing(in(Mud(– Observations

18. Playing(in(Mud(– Occurrence(Set(#1
• Playing(alone. A(child(wants(to(fill(a(cup(with(mud,(and(
first(tries(to(do(this(with(a(fork,(but(this(fails(because(
the(mud(slips(through.(The(child(feels(frustrated(and(
disappointed.(But(when(success(is(achieved(by(using(the(
spoon,(the(child(feels(satisfied(and(pleased.
• A Stranger(Scolds.(Unexpectedly,(a(stranger(reproaches:(
"That's(a(gross(thing(to(do."(The(child(feels(anxious,(
alarmed,(and(afraid.(Overcome(by(fear(and(an(urge(to(
escape,(the(child(puts(the(present(goal(on(hold—and(
runs(to(find(a(parent.
• Parent’s(Reproach.(The(child(returns(to(a(parent's(
protection—but(instead(of(assurance,(the(parent(
rebukes.("What(a(disgraceful(mess(you've(made!(See(
what(you've(done(to(your(clothes(and(face.(I(cannot(
stand(to(look(at(you!"(The(child,(ashamed,(begins(to(cry.(
The$Emotion$Machine,$Marvin$Minsky$(Adapted)
http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/eb2.html

19. French'Toast
Photo%by%Elise%Bauer%
https://www.simplyrecipes.com/recipes/french_toast/

20. French'Toast
• A"friend"visiting"from"Germany"staying"at"our"house"
asked"Saturday"night"if"I"would"make"“my"French"toast”"
for"breakfast"on"Sunday"morning.
• I"woke"up"early"at"6AM"from"a"nightmare"involving"
someone"who"did"horrible"things"to"me"when"I"was"a"
child.
• I"decide"to"have"an"early"start"for"the"day"with"an"aim"
of"creating"the"HPAI"class"slides"for"today’s"class.
• My"wife"woke"up"a"few"minutes"later"and"wanted"to"
spend"some"time"together"and"we"chatted"for"a"while.
• At"7AM"I"went"downstairs"and"began"making"coffee.
• When"my"guest"greeted"me"I"asked"her"if"she"and"her"
husband"would"like"still"for"me"to"make"the"French"
toast.
• She"said"they"would"very"much"like"that.

21. French'Toast
• She$joined$me$in$the$kitchen$and$asked$me$if$I$would$be$
using$whole$eggs$for$the$French$toast.
• I$told$her$normally$that$in$my$recipe$I$use$egg$whites$
because$the$yolk$has$the$cholesterol$and$most$of$the$
calories.
• She$asked$if$I$would$put$sugar$in$the$mix.
• She$said$she$prefers$milk$in$the$mix$too.
• And…Sugar$in$the$pan
• I$asked$my$spouse$if$she$would$like$the$French$toast$or$
for$me$to$make$us$harina de$maiz.
• In$the$end$I$chose$to$make$harina de$maiz.
• They$thanked$me$for$the$French$toast$and$commented$
on$how$good$they$were.$
• I$told$them$that$the$credit$goes$to$my$guest$because$it$
was$her$recipe$that$was$used.

22. Next%Up
• Emotions(and(French(Toast(Continued…
• Review(of(Modeling(Perception((“Model”(Models)
• Emotions(in(Artificial(Intelligence(Systems