This document contains the notes from a class on human perspective in artificial intelligence taught by Professor José Meléndez. It includes announcements about homework due dates and exam information. Required reading materials are listed from both new and previously noted sources. The discussion then shifts to modeling emotions and perception. Different models of intelligence are reviewed, including the perspective that emotions are ways of thinking rather than separate from thinking. Next, the traditional scientific view of emotions is outlined, characterizing emotions by attributes like eliciting objects and response components. Traditional views of an emotion's "aboutness" or intentional object are also examined.

1. CIIC#5995&100#/#ICOM#5995&100
Human#Perspective#in#Artificial#Intelligence#
(HPAI)
Professor'José'Meléndez,'PhD
https://zoom.us/j/869083478
“Hence, in order to have anything like a complete theory of
human rationality, we have to understand what role
emotion plays in it.” ; Herbert Simon (1916/2001)

2. Announcements
• Homework(#7(due(Today,(April(10,(2019(by(
11:59PM.
• Do#not#wait#until#last#minute#to#upload#the#two#files.
• Do#not#forget#to#explain#in#text#in#Moodle#what#a#user#
must#do#to#use#the#functionality#allowing#input#of#a#review#
for#a#rating#prediction.
• Final(Exam:(May(13,(2019;(7:30AME9:30AM((SE203)
• Zoom(Links(for(April(2019
• April#15:#https://zoom.us/j/955599657
• April#17:#https://zoom.us/j/357654736#
• April#22:#https://zoom.us/j/449807517#(ONLINE(ONLY)
• April#24:#https://zoom.us/j/238801790
• April#29:#https://zoom.us/j/427557182

3. Required(Reading((New)
• The$Future’s$So$Bright,$I$Gotta$Wear$Shades$(2010)
• http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.687
.9051&rep=rep1&type=pdf
• James$J.$Gross
• Department$of$Psychology
• Stanford$University

4. Required(Reading((Previously(Noted)
• Brains,(Minds,(AI,(God:(Marvin(Minsky(Thought(Like(No(
One(Else((Tribute)
• https://www.space.com/amp/32153KgodKartificialKintelligenceK
andKtheKpassingKofKmarvinKminsky.html
• Interview(article(by(Robert(Kuhn
• An(unusual(article(about(an(unusual(yet(influential(person(
• How(Emotions(are(Made:(The(Secret(Life(of(the(Brain
• Chapter(6:(How(the(Brain(Makes(Emotions
• Chapter(7:(Emotions(as(Social(Reality
• Chapter(8:(A(New(View(of(Human(Nature
• Chapter(9:(Mastering(Your(Emotions
• Chapter(13:(From(Brain(to(Mind:(The(New(Frontier
• The(brain(integrates,(“so(much(information(from(multiple(sources(
so(efficiently(that(it(can(support(consciousness.”

5. Next%Up
• Emotions(and(French(Toast(Continued…
• Review(of(Modeling(Perception((“Model”(Models)
• Emotions(– Traditional(View
• Emotions(in(Decision(Research
• Emotions(for(Artificial(Intelligence(Systems

6. French'Toast
Photo%by%Elise%Bauer%
https://www.simplyrecipes.com/recipes/french_toast/

7. French'Toast
• A"friend"visiting"from"Germany"staying"at"our"house"
asked"Saturday"night"if"I"would"make"“my"French"toast”"
for"breakfast"on"Sunday"morning.
• I"woke"up"early"at"6AM"from"a"nightmare"involving"
someone"who"did"horrible"things"to"me"when"I"was"a"
child.
• I"decide"to"have"an"early"start"for"the"day"with"an"aim"
of"creating"the"HPAI"class"slides"for"today’s"class.
• My"wife"woke"up"a"few"minutes"later"and"wanted"to"
spend"some"time"together"and"we"chatted"for"a"while.
• At"7AM"I"went"downstairs"and"began"making"coffee.
• When"my"guest"greeted"me"I"asked"her"if"she"and"her"
husband"would"like"still"for"me"to"make"the"French"
toast.
• She"said"they"would"very"much"like"that.

8. French'Toast
• She$joined$me$in$the$kitchen$and$asked$me$if$I$would$be$
using$whole$eggs$for$the$French$toast.
• I$told$her$normally$that$in$my$recipe$I$use$egg$whites$
because$the$yolk$has$the$cholesterol$and$most$of$the$
calories.
• She$asked$if$I$would$put$sugar$in$the$mix.
• She$said$she$prefers$milk$in$the$mix$too.
• And…Sugar$in$the$pan
• I$asked$my$spouse$if$she$would$like$the$French$toast$or$
for$me$to$make$us$harina de$maiz.
• In$the$end$I$chose$to$make$harina de$maiz.
• They$thanked$me$for$the$French$toast$and$commented$
on$how$good$they$were.$
• I$told$them$that$the$credit$goes$to$my$guest$because$it$
was$her$recipe$that$was$used.

9. • Emotional)Concepts)(States))of)Thought
• Frustration,)Anger,)Relief,)Excitement,)Joy,)Annoyed,)
Indifferent,)Surprised,)Disappointment,)Fright,)Angst,)
Doubtful,)Tense,)Anxiety,)Happy,)Baffled,)Confuse
• Participants
• Me)– Having)access)to)my)senses,)perceptions,)
memories,)and)thoughts)(inclusive)of)emotions)
• My)Friend)– Created)occurrences)(Direct,)Internal,)and)
Derived))influencing)My)reality.
• My)Spouse)– Created)occurrences)(Direct)and)Internal))
influencing)My)reality
French'Toast'– Discussion
The)Emotion)Machine,)Marvin)Minsky)(Adapted)
http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/eb2.html

10. • Experience)and)Lessons:
1.)Learned)that)I)still)have)some)patience
2.)Be)careful)about)offering)“willing”)to)do)v)“wanting”
3.)Learned)something)about)incidental)emotions
4.)Value)of)being)more)flexible
5.)Learned)how)to)make)amazingly)awesome)French)toast
• Outcomes
French'Toast'– Discussion
The)Emotion)Machine,)Marvin)Minsky)(Adapted)
http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/eb2.html

11. Models'of'Intelligence
Sheri&Van&Dijk,&MSW

12. Models'of'Intelligence
“This distinction between thinking and emotion has wasted a
century of psychologists' time, because they don't understand
that each emotion is a particular way to think.”
< Marvin Minsky (1927/2016)

13. Models'of'Intelligence
include
“This distinction between thinking and emotion has wasted a
century of psychologists' time, because they don't understand
that each emotion is a particular way to think.”
< Marvin Minsky (1927/2016)

14. Thinking
“Thinking(absent(emotion(– logical(thinking(– may(be(a(
useful(construct,(but(it(is(pure(fiction.”
! Dr.%Jose%Melendez
• Integral)Emotions are%a%result%of%or%directly%related%to%
the%decision
• Incidental)Emotions influence%but%are%otherwise%
unrelated%to%the%decision
• Our%thinking%shapes%our%actions%and%communications
• verbal%and%nonverbal%(e.g.%facial%expressions)
• Fight%or%flight%(a%choice)

15. Next%Up
• Review&of&Modeling&Perception&(“Model”&Models)
• Emotions&– Traditional&View
• Emotions&in&Decision&Research
• Emotions&for&Artificial&Intelligence&Systems

16. Model&Models&– Towards&Perspective

17. Model&Models&– Towards&Perspective

18. Model&Models&– Towards&Perspective

19. Model&Models&– Towards&Perspective

20. Model&Models&– Towards&Perspective

21. Model&Models&– Towards&Perspective

22. Next%Up
• Emotions(– Traditional(View
• Emotions(in(Decision(Research
• Emotions(for(Artificial(Intelligence(Systems

23. Science&of&Emotion&– Traditional&View
• Emotions(characterized(by(attributes:
• Something(that(“happens(to”(you
• “Flavors”:(Positive,(Negative,(Neutral(
• Eliciting(or(intentional(object((aboutness)
• Enable(pursuit(of(goals((serve(function)
• Inhibit(pursuit(of(goals
• MultiEcomponent(response
• Subjective((what(it(feels(like)
• Body(aspects((physiological(including(brain)
• Outward(display(of(behavior

24. Aboutness)– Traditional)View
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20009513?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

25. Aboutness)– Traditional)View
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20009513?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

26. Aboutness)– Traditional)View
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20009513?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

27. Aboutness)– Traditional)View
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20009513?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

28. Aboutness)– Traditional)View
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20009513?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

29. Science&of&Emotion&– Construction
• Emotions(characterized(by(attributes:
• Something(that(“happens(to” you(construct.
• Affect “Flavors”:(Positive,(Negative,(Neutral(
• Eliciting(or(intentional(object((aboutness)
• Enable(pursuit(of(goals((serve(function)
• Inhibit(pursuit(of(goals
• MultiGcomponent(response
• Subjective((what(it(feels(like)
• Body(aspects((physiological(including(brain)
• Outward(display(of(behavior(is(not(a(signature(or(“finger(print”
• Thought/Cognition

30. Next%Up
• Emotions(– Traditional(View
• Emotions(in(Decision(Research
• Emotions(for(Artificial(Intelligence(Systems