This presentation was used to facilitate a discussion of the AHA CPR Quality Consensus Statement, CPR compliance vs. competency, key quality challenges, review of related science, the concept of “pit crew” CPR, and RQI tools and processes.
Download the slides to enable video and other links. You will need to hover over video and other icons.
Advanced cardiac life support or advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke and other life-threatening medical emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions.
Advanced cardiac life support or advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke and other life-threatening medical emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions.
High Performance-High Density- Pit Crew- Team CPRDavid Hiltz
Quality CPR is a means to improve survival from cardiac arrest. Scientific studies demonstrate when CPR is performed according to guidelines, the chances of successful resuscitation increase substantially. Minimal breaks in compressions, full chest recoil, adequate compression depth, and adequate compression rate are all components of CPR that can increase survival from cardiac arrest. Together, these components combine to create high performance CPR (HP CPR)
This is a slightly updated version of a previous lecture on the science behind CPR. I have deleted the older version to avoid confusion, though they are both essentially the same
This lecture is good for first responders of all levels (from lifegaurds to paramedics) to really bring home the importance of CPR. It has been my experiance that current CPR classess are lacking in this regard, therefore compliance with new CPR standards is lacking, and this promotes LAZY CPR. This is my attempt to remedy that issue.
In critical moments where every second counts, the knowledge and skills to perform Adult Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) can make the difference between life and irreversible damage. This comprehensive presentation, titled "Adult CPR Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide (BLS-ACLS-Post CPR)," available on SlideShare, delves into the intricacies of adult CPR, offering a well-rounded overview of Basic Life Support (BLS), Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS), and the crucial post-CPR procedures.
The presentation is meticulously designed to cater to healthcare professionals, first responders, and individuals seeking a comprehensive understanding of adult CPR techniques. Starting with the fundamental principles of BLS, the slides explore step-by-step instructions for delivering effective chest compressions and rescue breaths. The integration of up-to-date guidelines ensures that viewers are equipped with the most accurate and evidence-based practices.
Transitioning into the realm of ACLS, the presentation delves into the advanced interventions necessary for managing cardiac arrest situations. Topics such as defibrillation, drug administration, and airway management are covered in depth, empowering viewers to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions during critical moments.
Furthermore, the post-CPR segment of the presentation highlights the essential steps to follow once successful resuscitation has occurred. From monitoring vital signs to providing appropriate care, this section addresses the critical period following CPR and emphasizes the significance of ongoing support and medical attention.
The presentation employs a blend of engaging visuals, explanatory diagrams, and succinct textual content to facilitate a holistic learning experience. Whether you're a medical professional aiming to refresh your skills, a student delving into life-saving techniques, or an individual concerned with being prepared for emergencies, this slide deck offers an invaluable resource for acquiring and reinforcing essential knowledge.
In summary, "Adult CPR Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide (BLS-ACLS-Post CPR)" is a comprehensive SlideShare presentation that meticulously covers the entire spectrum of adult CPR, ranging from Basic Life Support and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support techniques to vital post-CPR considerations. By exploring this presentation, you'll be better equipped to respond effectively to cardiac emergencies and contribute to saving lives within your community.
In this presentation, Hiltz and Baumrind provide a brief overview of HP CPR, based on their experience with the Resuscitation Academy www.resuscitationacademy.org
John Tobin was the keynote speaker at the EMS track for ASM 2014 and gives an account of where he works and the efforts they have made to pre-hospital deaths in his EMS.
Find out more at singem.blogspot.sg
High Performance-High Density- Pit Crew- Team CPRDavid Hiltz
Quality CPR is a means to improve survival from cardiac arrest. Scientific studies demonstrate when CPR is performed according to guidelines, the chances of successful resuscitation increase substantially. Minimal breaks in compressions, full chest recoil, adequate compression depth, and adequate compression rate are all components of CPR that can increase survival from cardiac arrest. Together, these components combine to create high performance CPR (HP CPR)
This is a slightly updated version of a previous lecture on the science behind CPR. I have deleted the older version to avoid confusion, though they are both essentially the same
This lecture is good for first responders of all levels (from lifegaurds to paramedics) to really bring home the importance of CPR. It has been my experiance that current CPR classess are lacking in this regard, therefore compliance with new CPR standards is lacking, and this promotes LAZY CPR. This is my attempt to remedy that issue.
In critical moments where every second counts, the knowledge and skills to perform Adult Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) can make the difference between life and irreversible damage. This comprehensive presentation, titled "Adult CPR Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide (BLS-ACLS-Post CPR)," available on SlideShare, delves into the intricacies of adult CPR, offering a well-rounded overview of Basic Life Support (BLS), Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS), and the crucial post-CPR procedures.
The presentation is meticulously designed to cater to healthcare professionals, first responders, and individuals seeking a comprehensive understanding of adult CPR techniques. Starting with the fundamental principles of BLS, the slides explore step-by-step instructions for delivering effective chest compressions and rescue breaths. The integration of up-to-date guidelines ensures that viewers are equipped with the most accurate and evidence-based practices.
Transitioning into the realm of ACLS, the presentation delves into the advanced interventions necessary for managing cardiac arrest situations. Topics such as defibrillation, drug administration, and airway management are covered in depth, empowering viewers to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions during critical moments.
Furthermore, the post-CPR segment of the presentation highlights the essential steps to follow once successful resuscitation has occurred. From monitoring vital signs to providing appropriate care, this section addresses the critical period following CPR and emphasizes the significance of ongoing support and medical attention.
The presentation employs a blend of engaging visuals, explanatory diagrams, and succinct textual content to facilitate a holistic learning experience. Whether you're a medical professional aiming to refresh your skills, a student delving into life-saving techniques, or an individual concerned with being prepared for emergencies, this slide deck offers an invaluable resource for acquiring and reinforcing essential knowledge.
In summary, "Adult CPR Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide (BLS-ACLS-Post CPR)" is a comprehensive SlideShare presentation that meticulously covers the entire spectrum of adult CPR, ranging from Basic Life Support and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support techniques to vital post-CPR considerations. By exploring this presentation, you'll be better equipped to respond effectively to cardiac emergencies and contribute to saving lives within your community.
In this presentation, Hiltz and Baumrind provide a brief overview of HP CPR, based on their experience with the Resuscitation Academy www.resuscitationacademy.org
John Tobin was the keynote speaker at the EMS track for ASM 2014 and gives an account of where he works and the efforts they have made to pre-hospital deaths in his EMS.
Find out more at singem.blogspot.sg
A + B = Victory
A= 1000 chest pain centers in the United States
B= 650,000 Heart Caregivers that have taken the Oath
C= Removing Heart Attack Deaths in US from being No,!
Can college campuses act as springboards for the advancement of chain of surv...David Hiltz
Review current evidence based guidelines and recommendations.
Describe how a population and criteria based incentive program has been used to advance chain of survival priorities on college campuses.
Discuss the role of college based EMS agencies in advancing lifesaving priorities.
Explore the possibilities of widespread CPR education on college campuses using CPR Anytime.
This is a 2.5 hour update/preview of the 2010 ECC guidelines for CPR and ACLS. It does not include "special situations" and does not include the PALS/NRP stuff (both of these presentations are coming later). It is in its final draft but has been ran through a paramedic refresher course with good reception.
DISCLAIMER: It does not contstitute a formal ACLS refresher course, nor is it intended too.
Also it incudes much content from my importance of CPR lecture, also on here.
ABSTRACT
Effectiveness of Mechanical Vibrator for Chest Physiotherapy in Ventilated head & spinal injured patients
Shiny Thomas, Deepak Agrawal
Department of Neurosurgery, JPNA Trauma Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi
Background: Chest infection is one of the major factor in morbidity & mortality in ventilated head & spinal injured patients. It is hypothesized that mechanical vibrators may help in improving the quality & frequency of chest physiotherapy in these groups of patients.
Aims & Objectives: To assess the decrease (if any) in chest infection rates & mortality in ventilated patients with head & spinal cord injury who received mechanical vibrator chest physiotherapy.
Materials & methods: This retro-prospective study was carried out in all ventilated head & spinal injured patients over 6 months in Neurosurgery ICU. The clinical (demographics, admission GCS & in hospital mortality) & microbiological data (Modified tracheal culture) was collected over the two time periods. The ‘control’ group consisted of patients in whom data was retrospectively collected from January 2011 to March 2011 (before the introduction of Vibrators). The ‘test’ group consisted of patients in whom data was prospectively collected from April 2011 to June 2011 (following introduction of Vibrators). All chest physiotherapy using mechanical vibrators was done by bedside nurses every 2 hourly.
Results: A total of 575 patients were evaluated in the study. Both Control & test groups were well matched with respect to [p<0><0.01).
Conclusions: Use of mechanical vibrators by nurses for chest physiotherapy can dramatically improve outcomes & chest infection rates in ventilated head & spinal injury patients. We recommend their use as standard of care for ventilated patients.
Managing Complications; First Prevent Complications
Examples of ComplacencySleeve Gastrectomy Failure:
“Sleeve Gastrectomy & Risk of Leak: Systematic Analysis of 4,888 Patients”
“Risk of leak is low at 2.4%"
Surg Endosc. 2012 Jun;26(6):1509-15. Epub 2011 Dec 17. Aurora AR, Khaitan L, Saber AA. Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
2014 importance of cpr eastern or ems conferenceRobert Cole
Updated importance of CPR lecture I gave for the Eastern OR EMS Conference
http://easternoregonems.com/
Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/EasternOREMS?ref=br_tf
Death from Sudden Cardiac Arrest is a Preventable Crime! What is the Role of ...David Hiltz
Law Enforcement is in a strategic position to help reduce the number of victims from cardiac arrest.
In this document best practices are outlined.
10 recommendations mutually agreed upon by IACP and the IAFC.
Citizen CPR Foundation Cardiac Arrest Survival Summit 2021: A Call for Presen...David Hiltz
What innovative ideas or compelling points of view do
you have to share with other professionals in the field of
resuscitation? We encourage you to take part in the
2021 Cardiac Arrest Survival Summit by submitting a
presentation or poster submission.
With your contribution to the program, the Summit will
continue to deliver action-oriented programs and
dynamic new content that brings our global community
together to Reconnect & Recharge by strengthening
connections and communities to save more lives.
Effect of Optimized Versus Guidelines‐Based AED Placement on Out‐of‐Hospital ...David Hiltz
Effect of Optimized Versus Guidelines‐Based AED Placement on Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Coverage: An In Silico Trial.
Our special guests are Christopher Sun, a Postdoctoral Fellow at Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Sloan School of Management and Massachusetts General Hospital and Timothy Chan, Canada Research Chair in Novel Optimization and Analytics at the University of Toronto who will join us to talk about their recently published research.
Study reference:
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.120.016701
WHY COMMUNITIES NEED AN ORGANIZED STRATEGY TO IMPROVE CARDIAC ARREST OUTCOMESDavid Hiltz
Looking to promote HEARTSafe in your community? These slides may help!
For annotated slides with notes, contact the Citizen CPR Foundation HEARTSafe Program Director david@code1web.com
Improving Access to Automated External Defibrillators -Free WebinarDavid Hiltz
Improving Access to Automated External Defibrillators
A FREE webinar hosted by Code One Training Solutions and AED Team.
Friday March 27th from 2:00 PM to 3:00 PM EST
Register Here: https://codeone.enrollware.com/enroll?id=3709808
Although many of our public spaces, schools and venues have AEDs, they are not always available.When a person suffers cardiac arrest, there is a one in five chance a potentially life-saving Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is nearby. But up to 30 per cent of the time, the device is locked inside a closed building, according to a study led by U of T Engineering researchers, published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. https://www.utoronto.ca/news/life-saving-defibrillators-often-behind-locked-doors-during-hours-says-u-t-study
Learn how AEDs are being made accessible on a 24/7 basis using weatherproof outdoor enclosures.
HEARTSAFE Community Launch- Cardiac Arrest Survival SummitDavid Hiltz
Building communities of heroes and survivors by improving action and response to cardiac arrest through training, preparation and response protocols.
https://citizencpr.org/heartsafe/
Resuscitation is a "team sport"! Plan to attend the Resuscitation Ocer Program with your institutional peers and learn from
the course faculty as well as from other participants through facilitated and interactive exercises. This course is offered as a
pre-conference workshop in conjunction with the Cardiac Arrest Survival Summit, presented by the Citizen CPR
Foundation.
This dynamic 8-hour certificate program is designed to prepare physicians, nurses and allied healthcare professionals to
effectively organize and implement cardiac arrest guidelines, innovations and best practices to improve outcomes from
cardiac arrests that occur in the hospital setting.
Focus areas include:
• Code committee and code team organization
• Process improvement
• Emergency ultrasound
• Targeted temperature management
• Post resuscitation PCI
• ECMO
• High-quality training
• Mock codes
• Comprehensive CQI and more
The Citizen CPR Foundation is proud to present this course as part of the Cardiac Arrest Survival Summit, December 10-13,
2019, and other pre-conference workshops happening the 9th and 10th. Formerly ECCU, the Summit is the largest and most
well-respected conference on cardiac arrest care for CPR and ECC instructors, nurse & hospital educators, researchers, EMS
and PAD program managers, EMS medical directors and survivors.
Learn more and register for the ROP course or for the Summit in its entirety by visiting citizencpr.org/summit. We look
forward to meeting you there.
The Journal of Collegiate Emergency Medical Services (JCEMS) and
NCEMSF are proud to host the Academic Poster Session at the
25th Annual Conference.
Abstracts for poster presentations are encouraged from students
and professionals on (1) original research or (2) the development
and evaluation of novel initiatives and programs. Topics include:
• Pre-hospital patient care
• Operations, communications, and equipment
• Training and education
• Administration and agency development
• Career and alumni resources
• Campus public health and safety
Authors of accepted abstracts will present posters at a 1-hour
academic poster session.
All accepted abstracts will be published in JCEMS.
Submission Guidelines
Deadline:
January 15, 2018
For details, please review the Poster
Abstract Submission Guide at:
www.ncemsf.org/conference/2018-conference
Review and Selection
Abstracts will be reviewed and selected
by the JCEMS Editorial Board.
Independent reviewers with subjectmatter
expertise may also review
submissions.
Conference Details
Details available at:
www.ncemsf.org/conference/2018-conference
Improving Bystander CPR, Community Mobilization and Outreach Using Media Infl...David Hiltz
All of you sitting out there have great stories to tell. Stories that will save lives. And news organizations want them.
You just need to figure out how to get the stories out in your communities and better yet, how to get the news organizations to get them out for you. Because the holy grail of any public relations effort, any educational effort, that aims to reach a mass audience through mass media is a staff written story.
And changes in the news industry that are challenging newsrooms across the country are in your favor.
My comments are based on a working knowledge of small, community news organizations, not the big guys, but I believe the same holds true them as well.
It’s no secret that the number of reporters and photographers and editors in traditional newsrooms is shrinking. But news editors still have holes to fill in print editions and they face a constant challenge to keep their websites updated with new information 24/7.
Those challenges are your entryway.
But you won’t gain entry without your own challenges. Those tight staffing situations may make your mission harder at the outset than it might have been 10 or 20 years ago when newsrooms were flush with young reporters looking for their next story.
You’ve got to get a reporter or editor to take the time to listen to you and they’re all wearing several hats taking care of print issues and web site updates and social media posts. So be politely persistent.
David Hiltz was and he ended up getting more than one message into our paper and on our web site. If I may, I suggest you borrow a line from David. After challenging him to tell me why we should be writing about this stuff as a general circulation newspaper and website rather than a medical journal, he had the perfect line.
“If 15-20 people were needlessly dying in house fires in Westerly each year, would that be newsworthy," he asked. "How is cardiac arrest any different?"
Perseverance will be key, but if you get your pitch down right -- make it brief, but compelling – you should be able to convince an assignment editor that you’ve got a story that will get lots of eyeballs on his or her website -- and maybe even convince someone to grab a print copy off the rack.
Local and unique are the keys to good news stories in 2017 when global news is available from any number of news outlets as soon as you grab you smartphone in the morning. And all of you have unique, local stories from your communities. Stories about regular citizens saving lives on the street because they learned how to do CPR or because they learned how to use an AED.
Access Denied! Failures in Automated External Defibrillator DeploymentDavid Hiltz
This presentation will examine current practices in early defibrillation strategies including defibrillation by law enforcement and PAD models. While millions of defibrillators have been placed in public venues, many victims are not defibrillated in a timely fashion.
Why do current practices fall short of expectations?
Strive to Revive! Translating Science to Survival The HEARTSafe Community Co...David Hiltz
Often it "takes a village" and indeed the entire community to make a significant difference! Hear how the HEARTSafe Community concept is designed to promote survival from sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by recognizing and stimulating efforts by individual communities to improve their cardiac arrest system of care.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
HIGH PERFORMANCE CPR and RESUSCITATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. “Poor-quality CPR should be considered a
preventable harm. In healthcare environments,
variability in clinician performance has affected the
ability to reduce healthcare associated
complications, and a standardized approach has
been advocated to improve outcomes and reduce
preventable harms. The use of a systematic
continuous quality improvement (CQI) approach
has been shown to optimize outcomes in a number
of urgent healthcare conditions.”
7. “Despite this evidence, few healthcare organizations
apply these techniques to cardiac arrest by consistently
monitoring CPR quality and outcomes. As a result,
there remains an unacceptable disparity in the quality
of resuscitation care delivered, as well as the presence
of significant opportunities to save more lives.”
8.
9.
10. WE CAN’T EXPECT TO WIN “RACES”
WITHOUT MEANINGFUL PRACTICE
AND AN ONGOING ITERATIVE PROCESS
OF MEASURING AND IMPROVING…
25. THE PAINFUL TRUTH
•Perceived performance does not always match observed performance.
•Aufderheide et al. showed that duty cycle, chest compression depth and
complete recoil were performed significantly less well when directly observed
than EMT perceptions of their performance.
•Wik et al. showed that chest compression rate and depth were both
significantly below AHA guidelines by trained EMS providers, and no flow time
(when there was neither a pulse nor CPR being given) was almost 50% in
directly observed performance evaluations.
•The likelihood of ROSC increases significantly with higher mean chest
compression rate (in a hospital study 75% of patients achieved ROSC with 90
or more chest compressions/minute compared to only 42% with 72 or fewer
chest compressions/minute).
26.
27.
28.
29.
30. Fatigue and poor crew resource management (CRM)
contributed to the accident.
EA 401 gradually lost altitude while the flight crew was
preoccupied and eventually crashed.
The effect of this crash on the airline industry continues
today and has resulted in the development of Crew
Resource Management (CRM). CRM is a technique that
requires air crews to divide the work in the cockpit
31.
32.
33.
34. “Quality CPR is a means to improve survival from
cardiac arrest. Scientific studies demonstrate
when CPR is performed according to guidelines,
the chances of successful resuscitation increase
substantially. Minimal breaks in compressions, full
chest recoil, adequate compression depth, and
adequate compression rate are all components of
CPR that can increase survival from cardiac arrest.
Together, these components combine to create
high performance CPR (HP CPR)”
40. •EMTs own CPR
•Minimize interruptions in CPR at all times
•Ensure proper depth of compressions (>2 inches)
•Ensure full chest recoil/decompression
•Ensure proper chest compression rate (100-120/min)
•Rotate compressors every 2 minutes
•Hover hands over chest during shock administration
and be ready to compress as soon as patient is cleared
•Intubate or place advanced airway with ongoing CPR
•Place IV or IO with ongoing CPR
•Coordination and teamwork between EMTs and paramedics
41. •C-A-B
•Minimize interruptions in compressions
•Compress at least 100/min
•Allow complete chest wall recoil/decompression between
compressions
•Rhythm assessment every 2 minutes
•Rotate compressors every 2 minutes
•Hover over patient with hands ready during defibrillation so
compressions can start immediately after the shock (or
analysis) has occurred
42.
43.
44.
45.
46. Pictures are for presentation purposes only. The American Heart Association does not endorse any particular products, models or manufacturers.
67. "Eisenberg has done a remarkable job in articulating the steps to be
taken for communities to improve survival from sudden cardiac arrest.
Resuscitate! is a 'best in class' and one of a kind guide that provides
inspiration as well as direction in translating resuscitation science into
practice. It is essential for all those who seek to establish strategies to
improve survival and quality of life for cardiac arrest victims whose
hearts are 'too young to die.'"
- David B. Hiltz, EMT-P Resuscitation Academy Alumni
Perceived performance does not always match observed performance.Aufderheide et al. showed that duty cycle, chest compression depth and complete recoil were performed significantly less well when directly observed than EMT perceptions of their performance.Wik et al. showed that chest compression rate and depth were both significantly below AHA guidelines by trained EMS providers, and no flow time (when there was neither a pulse nor CPR being given) was almost 50% in directly observed performance evaluations.The likelihood of ROSC increases significantly with higher mean chest compression rate (in a hospital study 75% of patients achieved ROSC with 90 or more chest compressions/minute compared to only 42% with 72 or fewer chest compressions/minute).
The 2010 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC once againemphasize the need for high-quality CPR, including• A compression rate of at least 100/min (a change from“approximately” 100/min)• A compression depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm) in adults• Allowing for complete chest recoil after each compression• Minimizing interruptions in chest compressions• Avoiding excessive ventilation
The quality of unprompted CPR in both in-hospital and out-of–hospital cardiac arrest events is often poor, and methods shouldbe developed to improve the quality of CPR delivered to victimsof cardiac arrest.73,91–93,287 Several studies have demonstratedimprovement in chest compression rate, depth, chest recoil,ventilation rate, and indicators of blood flow such as end-tidalCO2 (PETCO2) when real-time feedback or prompt devices areused to guide CPR performance.72,73,80,288–293 However, there areno studies to date that demonstrate a significant improvement inpatient survival related to the use of CPR feedback devicesduring actual cardiac arrest events. Other CPR feedback deviceswith accelerometers may overestimate compression depth whencompressions are performed on a soft surface such as a mattressbecause the depth of sternal movement may be partly due tomovement of the mattress rather than anterior-posterior (AP)compression of the chest.62,294 Nevertheless, real-time CPRprompting and feedback technology such as visual and auditoryprompting devices can improve the quality of CPR (Class IIa,LOE B).