Study about Germany’s efforts to implement the energy transition is summarized in the book “Energy Transition in Nutshell: 8 Q & A on the German Energy Transition and Its Relevance for Indonesia”
Precincts to Support the Delivery of Zero Energy
This report frames the physical and organisational context for precinct action and identifies potential programs and government solutions that may be applied to better streamline the realisation of precinct-scale action to progress towards zero energy (and carbon) ready residential buildings within both new and existing precincts.
The report was developed based on a literature review and engagement with more than 80 stakeholders from industry, academia and government with the aim of identifying appropriate government action in the form of proposed solutions that may be applicable across Commonwealth, state and territory and/ or local governments.
The report has given focus to opportunities for precincts that are not already considered in the Trajectory to ensure that a wider system response is taken to considering the zero energy (and carbon) ready outcomes being sought.
Energy Storage Planning for Clean Energy TargetTu Nguyen
In this work, we developed an optimization approach to analyze the amount of energy storage and renewable generation required for 100% clean energy target. Given locations of renewable generation, we solve an optimization problem to find the amount of solar PV and wind resources at each site and to size energy storage to balance a utility’s demand. Case studies are conducted using historical weather and demand data from a medium-sized utility in New Mexico, USA.
Electricity consumption and household characteristics: Implications for censu...Ben Anderson
Presentation given at MRS Workshop "Can Big Data replace the Census? What does Big Data give us now?" , March 7, 2016, MRS, London (https://www.mrs.org.uk/event/conferences/can_big_data_replace_the_census/course/4088/id/10035)
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Study about Germany’s efforts to implement the energy transition is summarized in the book “Energy Transition in Nutshell: 8 Q & A on the German Energy Transition and Its Relevance for Indonesia”
Precincts to Support the Delivery of Zero Energy
This report frames the physical and organisational context for precinct action and identifies potential programs and government solutions that may be applied to better streamline the realisation of precinct-scale action to progress towards zero energy (and carbon) ready residential buildings within both new and existing precincts.
The report was developed based on a literature review and engagement with more than 80 stakeholders from industry, academia and government with the aim of identifying appropriate government action in the form of proposed solutions that may be applicable across Commonwealth, state and territory and/ or local governments.
The report has given focus to opportunities for precincts that are not already considered in the Trajectory to ensure that a wider system response is taken to considering the zero energy (and carbon) ready outcomes being sought.
Energy Storage Planning for Clean Energy TargetTu Nguyen
In this work, we developed an optimization approach to analyze the amount of energy storage and renewable generation required for 100% clean energy target. Given locations of renewable generation, we solve an optimization problem to find the amount of solar PV and wind resources at each site and to size energy storage to balance a utility’s demand. Case studies are conducted using historical weather and demand data from a medium-sized utility in New Mexico, USA.
Electricity consumption and household characteristics: Implications for censu...Ben Anderson
Presentation given at MRS Workshop "Can Big Data replace the Census? What does Big Data give us now?" , March 7, 2016, MRS, London (https://www.mrs.org.uk/event/conferences/can_big_data_replace_the_census/course/4088/id/10035)
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Executive summary for Last Chance Saloon for CSP (Concentrated Solar Power)Simon Thompson
This is the executive summary for "Last Chance Saloon for Gen 3 CSP" which is a report and forecast from Rethink Energy.
It’s about the global Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) business which, although small compared to photovoltaic or wind power, will be a $10 billion global industry by 2030. How so?
Previous CSP marquee projects such as the “tower power” plants of the Mojave Desert have proved to be expensive and R&D-hungry. Although impressive, they’ve tarnished the sector and in recent years investment has gone elsewhere.
It means that CSP has effectively lain moribund for a decade.
But in recent years a new wave of technology-driven CSP companies have brought a swathe of minor innovations, improvements on efficiency and cheaper equipment to the market.
CSP can now provide temperatures of 1,000 degrees Celsius, enabling the technology to play a role in the decarbonization of the cement, steelmaking, and mining industries. And in China there are plans to use CSP on the power grid as “peak-shaving” energy storage.
Does this mean that this 3rd generation of CSP activity will lead to profitable returns? What are the new technologies and who are the players? And what will be the impact of the global demand for hydrogen on CSP?
The answer to these questions and more can be found in Last Chance Saloon for Gen 3 CSP in this 30-page report, illustrated with graphs and accompanied by an Excel spreadsheet with projections.
Check out
https://rethinkresearch.biz/reports-category/rethink-energy-research/
for more details about this forecast and the Rethink Energy service
Middle east renewable energy sector analysisRajesh Sarma
“Middle East Renewable Energy Sector Analysis” research report discusses following aspects related to Renewable Energy Development in Middle East Region:
Current Electricity Generation
Renewable Energy Resource Mapping
Renewable Energy Initiatives
Renewable Energy Targets
Policy & Regulatory Framework
Emerging Trends in Renewable Energy Development
GCC Electricity Grid
Report covers 11 countries from Middle East Region:
Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Jordan, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon and Egypt.
The demand of energy is dramatically increased nowadays and the demand either can renewable or non renewable depends on the drawbacks. Hence, non renewable energies show the better performance where the limitations are comprisable very few and environmental friendly. Already developed countries are being used renewable energies as the main sources of energy to produce electricity where it proved the less easy and more benefits. However, non renewable energies such as natural gas, gas generator and so on still have been producing more and more electricity and this amount is around 10 times more than renewable energies especially developing countries like Bangladesh. This paper is being discussed the importance of renewable energies and non renewable energies to produce electricity, comparing the different countries electricity production and the using sources. Here analysis the data of different power plants in Bangladesh and the types of fuel, CO2 emission and electricity production. In additionally, Gazipur district has been selected to show the power consumption factories with the cost analysis in selected fuel types.
This presentation is Nepal's current energy scenario which enables public to understand why Nepal is facing acute shortage of power and what are the suggestive measures for the future.
With overall U.S energy consumption expected to increase 23 percent by 20301 and with growing
requirements for renewable energy, states are seeking to meet new demand with energy sources that are abundant, clean and cost-effective. Wind power
has become a popular clean energy choice due to its price and the distribution of wind resources across the nation. However, with more states requiring an increase in renewable energy production and serious consideration of a national renewable electricity standard growing in Congress, questions have arisen about how much wind power can be integrated into the U.S. energy supply.
Solar Magazine | Indonesia Solar Energy Profile: A Nation Rich in Unrealized ...Solar Magazine
Indonesia is rich in solar power potential (~207 gigawatts’ worth), but there’re many facets of challenges needed to be addressed by different parties. Additionally, the government and society are striving to make a balance between economic growth and carbon neutrality. Read more about the Profile at https://solarmagazine.com/solar-profiles/indonesia/
Assessment of off-shore wind turbines for application in Saudi Arabia IJECEIAES
This paper presents models and economic analysis of ten different wind turbines for the region of Yanbu, Saudi Arabia using the hybrid optimization models for energy resources (HOMER) software. This study serves as a guide for decision makers to choose the most suitable wind turbine for Yanbu to meet the target of 58.7GW of renewable energy as part of Saudi Vision 2030. The analysis was carried out based on the turbines initial capital cost, operating cost, net present cost (NPC) and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Additionally, the wind turbines were compared based on their electricity production, excess energy and the size of the storage devices required. The results show that Enercon E-126 EP4 wind turbine has the least LCOE (0.0885 $/kWh) and NPC ($23.8), while WES 30 has the highest LCOE (0.142 $/kWh) and NPC ($38.3) for a typical load profile of a village in Yanbu.
Executive summary for Last Chance Saloon for CSP (Concentrated Solar Power)Simon Thompson
This is the executive summary for "Last Chance Saloon for Gen 3 CSP" which is a report and forecast from Rethink Energy.
It’s about the global Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) business which, although small compared to photovoltaic or wind power, will be a $10 billion global industry by 2030. How so?
Previous CSP marquee projects such as the “tower power” plants of the Mojave Desert have proved to be expensive and R&D-hungry. Although impressive, they’ve tarnished the sector and in recent years investment has gone elsewhere.
It means that CSP has effectively lain moribund for a decade.
But in recent years a new wave of technology-driven CSP companies have brought a swathe of minor innovations, improvements on efficiency and cheaper equipment to the market.
CSP can now provide temperatures of 1,000 degrees Celsius, enabling the technology to play a role in the decarbonization of the cement, steelmaking, and mining industries. And in China there are plans to use CSP on the power grid as “peak-shaving” energy storage.
Does this mean that this 3rd generation of CSP activity will lead to profitable returns? What are the new technologies and who are the players? And what will be the impact of the global demand for hydrogen on CSP?
The answer to these questions and more can be found in Last Chance Saloon for Gen 3 CSP in this 30-page report, illustrated with graphs and accompanied by an Excel spreadsheet with projections.
Check out
https://rethinkresearch.biz/reports-category/rethink-energy-research/
for more details about this forecast and the Rethink Energy service
Middle east renewable energy sector analysisRajesh Sarma
“Middle East Renewable Energy Sector Analysis” research report discusses following aspects related to Renewable Energy Development in Middle East Region:
Current Electricity Generation
Renewable Energy Resource Mapping
Renewable Energy Initiatives
Renewable Energy Targets
Policy & Regulatory Framework
Emerging Trends in Renewable Energy Development
GCC Electricity Grid
Report covers 11 countries from Middle East Region:
Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Jordan, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon and Egypt.
The demand of energy is dramatically increased nowadays and the demand either can renewable or non renewable depends on the drawbacks. Hence, non renewable energies show the better performance where the limitations are comprisable very few and environmental friendly. Already developed countries are being used renewable energies as the main sources of energy to produce electricity where it proved the less easy and more benefits. However, non renewable energies such as natural gas, gas generator and so on still have been producing more and more electricity and this amount is around 10 times more than renewable energies especially developing countries like Bangladesh. This paper is being discussed the importance of renewable energies and non renewable energies to produce electricity, comparing the different countries electricity production and the using sources. Here analysis the data of different power plants in Bangladesh and the types of fuel, CO2 emission and electricity production. In additionally, Gazipur district has been selected to show the power consumption factories with the cost analysis in selected fuel types.
This presentation is Nepal's current energy scenario which enables public to understand why Nepal is facing acute shortage of power and what are the suggestive measures for the future.
With overall U.S energy consumption expected to increase 23 percent by 20301 and with growing
requirements for renewable energy, states are seeking to meet new demand with energy sources that are abundant, clean and cost-effective. Wind power
has become a popular clean energy choice due to its price and the distribution of wind resources across the nation. However, with more states requiring an increase in renewable energy production and serious consideration of a national renewable electricity standard growing in Congress, questions have arisen about how much wind power can be integrated into the U.S. energy supply.
Solar Magazine | Indonesia Solar Energy Profile: A Nation Rich in Unrealized ...Solar Magazine
Indonesia is rich in solar power potential (~207 gigawatts’ worth), but there’re many facets of challenges needed to be addressed by different parties. Additionally, the government and society are striving to make a balance between economic growth and carbon neutrality. Read more about the Profile at https://solarmagazine.com/solar-profiles/indonesia/
Assessment of off-shore wind turbines for application in Saudi Arabia IJECEIAES
This paper presents models and economic analysis of ten different wind turbines for the region of Yanbu, Saudi Arabia using the hybrid optimization models for energy resources (HOMER) software. This study serves as a guide for decision makers to choose the most suitable wind turbine for Yanbu to meet the target of 58.7GW of renewable energy as part of Saudi Vision 2030. The analysis was carried out based on the turbines initial capital cost, operating cost, net present cost (NPC) and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Additionally, the wind turbines were compared based on their electricity production, excess energy and the size of the storage devices required. The results show that Enercon E-126 EP4 wind turbine has the least LCOE (0.0885 $/kWh) and NPC ($23.8), while WES 30 has the highest LCOE (0.142 $/kWh) and NPC ($38.3) for a typical load profile of a village in Yanbu.
Peak Shaving Using Grid-Connected Solar Panels Case Study: Ministry of Islami...IJERA Editor
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the application of renewable energy, namely solar energy,for peak shaving during peak loads and to investigate the feasibility of using grid-connected solar system for electricity generation in Ministry of Awqaf mosques. PVsyst software is used to find the optimal design for total connected load of 80 kW. The technical performance of 80 kWgrid-connected photovoltaic (PV) solar systems was investigated. Applying renewable energy in building is required by Kuwait government, all sectors should use 30% of the consumed energy from renewable energy in year 2030. The total cost of the solar systems for 1400 mosques is around 512 million dollars and the total cost of energyis39 milliondollars per year according to 0.2 dollarwhich mean that the payback period within 13 years.Based on the study results, the development of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV)solar system in Awqaf mosques in Kuwait could be economically viable and provide peak shaving during peak loads.
The Application of Homer Optimization Software to Investigate the Prospects o...IJECEIAES
This paper investigates the prospects and cost-effectiveness of implementation of standalone PV/wind system in sokoto state Nigeria. Daily electricity demand, yearly solar radiation and wind speed were applied to determine the optimum sizing of the renewable energy (RE) system. To design optimum RE with proper sizing of system components, meteorological data obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration were applied as input for this study. In Nigeria, sokoto is a region with solar radiation of 6kWh/m 2 /day and wind speed of 5m/s at 10m above height. Using the Homer optimization software, the optimum integrated RE system is 35.21kW PV, 3 x 25kW wind turbines, 12 x 24V lead acid battery and 17.44kW converter. The system has a total capital cost of $249910.24, the replacement cost of $82914.85 and maintenance cost of $53802.80 for 25 years. Though the initial capital cost is high but the long term benefits are enormous, considering the high cost of implementing rural electrification scheme, coupled with ahike in electricity tariff. There is also a payback period of 5 years. The results imply a standalone PV/wind system is feasible in rural communities of sokoto with 100% pollution free energy system.
NewBase 10 August 2023 Energy News issue - 1646 by Khaled Al Awadi.pdfKhaled Al Awadi
NewBase 10 August 2023 Energy News issue - 1646 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 10 August 2023 Energy News issue - 1646 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 10 August 2023 Energy News issue - 1646 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 10 August 2023 Energy News issue - 1646 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 10 August 2023 Energy News issue - 1646 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 10 August 2023 Energy News issue - 1646 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 10 August 2023 Energy News issue - 1646 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 10 August 2023 Energy News issue - 1646 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 10 August 2023 Energy News issue - 1646 by Khaled Al Awadi
A number of factors are contributing to increases in renewable energy production in the United
States (and beyond). These factors include rapidly declining costs of electricity produced from
renewable energy sources, regulatory and policy obligations and incentives, and moves to reduce
pollution from fossil fuel-based power generation, including greenhouse gas emissions. While
not all renewable energy sources are variable, two such technologies – wind and solar PV –
currently dominate the growth of renewable electricity production. The production from wind
and solar PV tries to capture the freely available but varying amount of wind and solar
irradiance. As the share of electricity produced from variable renewable resources grows, so does
the need to integrate these resources in a cost-effective manner, i.e., to ensure that total
electricity production from all sources including variable renewable generation equals electricity
demand in real time. Also, a future electric system characterized by a rising share of renewable
energy will likely require concurrent changes to the existing transmission and distribution
(T&D) infrastructure. While this report does not delve into that topic, utilities, grid operators
and regulators must carefully plan for needed future investments in T&D, given the lead times
and complexities involved.
The annual report from New England's regional power system operator. The report details the transition happening in New England--away from coal and nuclear and to natural gas to create the electricity needed for the region. Natgas is CRITICAL to New England--and more pipelines are needed to get it there.
Auroville has been active in renewable energy generation since the early years, starting with windmills for water pumping and stand-alone solar PV systems with battery banks. In 2012 Auroville pioneered rooftop grid-connected solar energy by proposing to the Tamil Nadu Government that pilot projects may be undertaken in Auroville with grid-connectivity.
IRENA REthinking Energy: Renewable Energy and Climate ChangeSaidh KESSACI
Doubling the share of renewables by 2030 could deliver around half of the emissions reductions needed and, in combination with energy efficiency, keep the rise in average global temperatures within 2 degrees Celsius
Similar to How renewables can help electrify indonesia's sprawling island nation renew economy (20)
Prioritas Kebijakan Sektor Energi Indonesia dan Kandidat Menteri ESDMGandabhaskara Saputra
Laporan ini merupakan turunan dari hasil jajak pendapat yang dilakukan oleh IESR pada tanggal 18 - 25 April 2019 kepada publik untuk mengetahui pendapat publik tentang evaluasi kinerja pemerintahan Jokowi-JK di era Pemerintahan 2014-2019
A Roadmap for Indonesia’s Power Sector: How Renewable Energy Can Power Java-Bali and Sumatra Summary for Policy
Makers was produced by Monash University’s Grid Innovation Hub partnering with the Australia Indonesia Centre, supported by Agora Energiewende and the Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR).
Institute for Essentials Service Reform.
Persentase Bauran Energi Terbarukan yang Tinggi Dapat Memenuhi Kebutuhan Listrik di Sistem Jawa-Bali dan Sumatera Secara Handal dan Kompetitif
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The WhatsPump Pseudonym Problem and the Hilarious Downfall of Artificial Enga...
How renewables can help electrify indonesia's sprawling island nation renew economy
1. How renewables can help electrify Indonesia’s sprawling island nation
Indonesia, the world’s 4th most populous nation, wants to deliver electricity to all of its 260 million. Here’s how it can do a lot of this through
renewables.
Whilst many of us in Australia are focused on domestic politics and what the major parties are offering for energy policy to reduce greenhouse
emissions, it is also important to consider what is happening to our northern neighbour, Indonesia, the world’s 4th
most populous nation, if we
are to have appropriate global action in combating climate change.
Indonesia currently consumes around 220TWh of electricity per year, marginally more than Australia’s National Electricity Market.
But it has a population of 264 million, or roughly ten times that of Australia. As a developing nation, the country is endeavouring to improve
the living standard of Indonesians by increased electrification, bringing electricity to more of the population.
Presently, around 80% of the electricity consumed is within the interconnected Java-Bali and Sumatra systems, with the rest scattered across
thousands of isolated systems mostly fueled by diesel generators with significant potential for PV generation and energy storage as a future
replacement.
To better understand the Indonesian electricity system, Ariel Liebman of Monash University’s Grid Innovation Hub and myself performed a
detailed study at the transmission level, focusing on the Java-Bali and Sumatra systems.
The purpose was to examine whether Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN – Indonesia’s government owned electricity supplier) needs to build its
current pipeline of largely fossil-fueled generation projects over the next decade and whether it can significantly increase the share of renewa-
ble generation without significantly increasing costs and maintaining reliability in the system.
To examine this, Ariel and I have spent the last year developing and refining a model of the Indonesian electricity sector with input and assis-
tance from Agora-energiewende (https://www.agora-energiewende.de) in Germany and Indonesia’s Institute for Essential Services Reform
(http://iesr.or.id) and co-funded by the Australia-Indonesia Centre.
We established a detailed model of the 34 provinces within Indonesia and created hourly demand forecasts for each of these from 2018 until
2027, as well as limits on physical interconnection between these provinces, using the PLEXOS energy market modelling tool.
Our review of the PLN’s previous forecasts done annually and known as the RUPTL was utilised for elements of our work including their initial
demand forecasts and details of the over 1,050 existing and planned power stations.
Assumptions were then made based upon real observations of the generation fleet about efficiencies, fuel costs, ramp rates, reliability and
other factors to create a realistic model of the Indonesian electricity sector. It is understood that we have been the first to do a proper optimi-
sation based approach using PLEXOS for this study.
Our first observation was that the PLN has significant forecast increases in both Java-Bali and Sumatra growth out to 2027. It was our opinion
that these forecasts seemed unrealistically high given previous forecasts that had not been realised, and they did not appear to account for
much improvement in household energy efficiency.
They also rely heavily upon the industrial sector, which makes up much of the load and forecast growth, and often relies upon single large pro-
jects to go ahead for these forecasts to be realised.
2. The initial modelling examined the build of generation as planned, and it is our view based on our results that there is likely to be a significant
overbuild of generation capacity for both their current forecast energy needs, and a more conservative growth scenario, such as we have mod-
elled.
Either of these outcomes mean an inefficient build of generation, higher system costs to Indonesia and the possibility of stranded generation
assets.
Our focus however, was to examine alternatives to the existing planned build of mostly fossil-fueled plant and explore the opportunity for
renewable generation sources such as solar, wind, geothermal and hydro generation.
Using available studies[1][2]on the potential availability of wind and solar we were able to locate where possible sites would be for these tech-
nologies whilst we utilised the RUPTL for hydro and geothermal opportunities.
[1]ESDM Energy Outlook 2016 &
[2]Peluang investasi dan potensi pengembangan Energi Baru Terbarukan Indonesia, Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 12 Tahun
2017, tentang Pemanfaatan Sumber Energi Terbarukan untuk Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik, Jakarta | 20 Februari
To identify more specific profiles of the potential of solar and wind we used Renewables Ninja[1], an online mapping tool that allowed us to
examine the hourly potential resource of a number of representative sites in Java-Bali and Sumatra. Build costs for these technologies were
reviewed and sourced from a number of academic studies.[2][3][4]
The model was then run under different scenarios where generation was built efficiently at minimal cost whilst still ensuring adequate supply
of fast start generation and minimal unserved energy (i.e. when the lights go out). The following chart display what we would expect the sys-
tem to run at in October 2018 with the information we have.
This shows much of the baseload supplied by coal and some geothermal, combined cycle gas generators making up the intermediate compo-
nent, whilst open cycle gas turbines and hydro including pump storage supply energy at peak times, consistent with our expectations.
[1]www.renewables.ninja
[2]Dr Thomas Schlegl Fraunhofer ISE Dr Christoph Kost, “Stromgestehungskosten Erneuerbare Energien,” May 15, 2018, 1–44.
3. [3]Bjarne Bach, “Technology Data for the Indonesian Power Sector,” December 18, 2017, 1–140
[4]Kaliapa Kalirajan and Arif Syed, “The Indonesian Energy Technology Assessment (Ieta) 2017,” November 2, 2018, 1–165.
Then we scrutinised the first whole week in October 2027, and utilising a scenario of significant build of renewable generation and more con-
servative demand growth, we can observe that after allowing for known retirement of coal and gas plants that geothermal, solar and wind
make up a significant share of generation in that year, displacing coal whilst the need for peak generation is supplied by an increased share of
hydro generation whilst both open cycle and combined cycle gas plant are used significantly less.
This is shown in the following chart.
What is important is that with these levels of renewables, there is neither significant “spill” or unused renewable energy, and that the inherent
flexibility in the generation fleet is able manage any issues with the variability in renewable sources.
Looking at the modelling at a higher level and focusing on aggregate energy production we observe that only 19% renewable energy is gener-
ated by 2027 under the existing RUPTL plan, whilst our modelled scenarios of medium and high levels of renewables have 31% and 43%
renewable generation in 2027, respectively.
Displaying the projected annual electricity sector emissions in 2027 and comparing the BAU scenario to higher renewables alternatives we
observed reductions of between 39 and 89 MegaTonnes of CO2e.
4. Whilst emissions can be significantly reduced by introducing renewables, the cost of this conversion needs to be considered.
To answer this in our study, the total system costs were assessed for Java-Bali and Sumatra for the period 2018-2027, where the medium and
high renewables scenarios saw increases of 4% and 7% respectively, and the “energy transition” scenario was one that utilised less conserva-
tive assumptions around the cost of new renewable generation, resulting in a 1% reduction as compared to business as usual.
This is only a brief review of our study, but it shows that Indonesia can introduce a much greater level of renewable generation as the popula-
tion and electricity consumption increase over the next decade.
Renewables can make a greater share of the generation mix at similar or potentially lower cost than the status quo without reducing system
reliability.
A detailed copy of the report can be found at: http://iesr.or.id/2019/02/technical-report-a-roadmap-for-indonesias-power-sector/?lang=en
and an executive summary is located at: http://iesr.or.id/2019/02/summary-for-policy-makers-a-roadmap-for-indonesias-power-sector/?
lang=en
We’d also like to thank Philipp Godron, Mentari Pujantoro, Fabby Tumiwa, Jannata Giwangkara and Agus Tampubolon for their assistance with
this project.
Warwick Forster – Apogee Energy (www.apogeeenergy.com.au)
Ariel Liebman – Director, Monash Grid Innovation Hub