How population change
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The document summarizes how plant and animal populations change over time. Seeds germinate and plants grow, producing more seeds. This increases the plant population. Herbivore animals then eat the plants, and their population rises. Carnivores then prey on the herbivores. Population sizes depend on the availability of prey and predators. The document also discusses competition between plant producers for resources like sunlight and soil. It notes some examples of poor resource management impacting populations, like overfishing, deforestation, and overusing land. Solutions proposed include quotas, protected areas, more efficient agriculture, and sustainable land use.
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Intensive farming is characterized by high inputs of capital, labor, and chemicals per unit of land to achieve high crop yields. It uses advanced technologies and machines to be efficient. Intensive farming occurs on small plots of land but aims for very high output. It has advantages like high crop yields and lower food prices but disadvantages like pollution, soil erosion, and negative health effects from excessive chemical use. Extensive farming uses low inputs per unit of land and is common in low-productivity grazing areas. It requires large land areas but less labor input and has benefits like improved animal welfare and lower input requirements. Yields are generally lower compared to intensive methods.
Environmental impact of agriculture
Agriculture has significant environmental impacts including climate change effects on crop yields, deforestation, genetic engineering issues, irrigation problems, water and soil pollution from pesticides and fertilizers, soil degradation, plastic waste, and loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Sustainable practices like organic farming, conservation tillage, and reducing excess nitrogen and phosphorus use can help minimize these impacts, but may result in lower food production. Overall agriculture involves difficult tradeoffs between high yields and environmental protection that require modifying current practices.
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This document summarizes a presentation on promoting conservation agriculture in West Africa to address challenges of climate change and food insecurity. It outlines major constraints like poverty and declining resources. Conservation agriculture is presented as a climate-smart option that can boost productivity, resilience and mitigate emissions through practices like minimum soil disturbance, cover crops and crop rotations. Case studies from the Sahel show conservation agriculture increasing yields and tree cover at large scale. Further research is needed to understand how to incentivize adoption and scale up conservation agriculture across diverse regions of West Africa.Conservation agriculture in the context of climate change in West Africa
One of CCAFS over-arching objectives is to assess and test pro-poor adaptation and mitigation practices, technologies and policies for food systems, adaptive capacity and rural livelihoods. Conservation agriculture (CA) is one of the promising climate-smart agriculture options as it allows benefiting from the synergies between adaptation and mitigation while also improving the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. As such, CA promotion needs to be tapped into the general framework for a sound and widespread adoption of evidence-based technologies in West Africa. Getting the big pictures to insure millions of farmers will require sound scaling-up approaches of successful CA options for the semi-arid West Africa.
L4 forage mixtures
Three key points from the document:
1. Research found that more complex forage mixtures with multiple grass types yielded higher than simpler mixtures, and legumes like alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil provided higher forage quality and nitrogen fixation.
2. Cattle generally had better daily weight gain on pastures with mixtures of timothy, meadow fescue, and bluegrass, but mixtures including tall fescue provided more gain per acre. Reseeding legumes every 2-3 years is important to sustain productivity.
3. Managing grazing to reduce mud and extending the grazing season through techniques like bale grazing can help lower winter feeding costs for cattle in eastern Canada's climate. Shelter, body condition
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- 1. HOW POPULATION CHANGE Seed land on soil and germinate Herbivore animals comes in The plant fully grow and produce flawer and seeds Seed scatted everywhere and germinate Population of plant increases Herbivore breed and its population increase Carnivores comes in and hunt the herbivores
- 2. COMPETITION BETWEEN THE PRODUCERS • Compete for what? – Sunlight, water, minerals and soil • Which producer will usually win? – The more successful it is, the more soil it have then the producer can win.
- 3. HOW POPULATION CHANGE WITH TIME pg 59 • Depends on the number of prey and predator
- 4. Poor management of resources • Overfishing in the North Sea • • • Destruction of rainforests • • • Overuse of land, leading to desert soils. Solutions Have fish quotas, or increase net mesh to allow smaller fish to survive Produce food more efficiently to limit areas being logged for agriculture. Set aside areas as national parks. Use different agricultural practices, such as crop rotation and natural fertilisers.