Modeling and simulation can help test and evaluate systems by: 1) Developing a model of a real system and experimenting on that model without affecting the real system. 2) Allowing manipulation of variables and constants to examine a system's behavior. 3) Providing accurate results compared to analytical models and helping uncover unexpected phenomena. However, developing accurate models requires special training and simulations can be time-consuming and expensive compared to analytical solutions.

1. How Modeling and simulation help
in testing and Evaluating any
system. Discuss advantages and
disadvantages
Submitted by:
Deepak Kr. Singh(MB-019042)
Anshu Rawal(BM-019027)
Anchal Goswami(BM-019021)
Rahul Taneja(BM-019047)
Submit to :
Ms. Shalini Kapoor

2. Simulation
• It involves developing a model of some real
phenomenon and then performing experiments
on the model involved.
• It is a descriptive, and optimizing, technique.
• In this, a given system is copied and the variables
and constants associated with it are manipulated
in that artificial environment to examine the
behavior of the system.

3. Process of Simulation
• Definition of the problem and statement
of objectives.
• Construction of an appropriate model.
• Experimentation with the model
constructed.
• Evaluation of the result of simulation.

4. MODEL VALIDATION
• The literature on model validation describes several
activities, which can be separated into two broad types:
external validation and sensitivity analysis. External
validation is the comparison of model output with
(operationally relevant) observations from the system being
modeled. It is helpful if external validation is accompanied
by an uncertainty analysis of a model, which is an analysis
of the variability of the model output that results from
typical variability in model inputs. An uncertainty analysis
provides a yardstick for measuring which differences
between model output and observations of the system are
capable of being explained by model uncertainty, and,
therefore, which are due to model inadequacy.

5. • Among those who use these methods are the
Army Aviation and Troop Command (ATCOM), the
Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center
(AFOTEC), AMSAA IU.S. Army Materiel Systems
Analysis Activity], OPTEC [U.S. Army Operational
Test and Evaluation Command], ASC
[Aeronautical Systems Command], and NAVAIR
[Naval Air Systems Command]. A common view is
that past usage, coupled with reviews by subject
matter experts (SMEs) or comparisons between
models, are sufficient to justify model selection
and use.

6. Advantages & Disadvantages of
Simulation
Advantages
• Study the behaviour of a system
without building it.
• Results are accurate in general,
compared to analytical model.
• Help to find un-expected
phenomenon, behaviour of the
system.
• Easy to perform ``What-If''
analysis.
• Forecasting Under the
uncertainty able to answer
many questions.
Disadvantages
• Model building requires special
training. It is an art that is
learned over time and through
experience.
• Simulation modeling and
analysis can be time consuming
and expensive.
• Simulation is used in some
cases when an analytical
solution is possible, or even
preferable.

7. USES OF SIMULATION :
•Simulation modeling solves real-world problems safely and efficiently.
•It is an important method of analysis which is easily verified,
communicated, and understood. Simulation modeling is experimentation
on a valid digital representation of a system.
•Computer simulation is used in business when conducting experiments
on a real system is impossible or impractical, often because of cost or
time.
• The ability to analyze the model as it runs sets simulation modeling
apart from other methods, such as those using Excel or linear
programming.