How eyeworks diseases
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The document discusses how different eye diseases affect vision. Macular diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affect central vision by distorting or damaging the macula. In neovascular or "wet" AMD, abnormal blood vessels leak fluid into the macula or bleed into it, which can cause blurred or lost central vision. Glaucoma initially impacts peripheral vision and as it advances can cause tunnel vision and blindness by damaging the optic nerve. Cataracts also worsen vision over time as they grow more opaque in the lens.
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The most common eye disorders are age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, refractive errors, cataracts, and glaucoma. AMD damages central vision and the macula. Diabetic retinopathy is caused by uncontrolled blood sugar and damages retinal blood vessels in four stages. Refractive errors include nearsightedness, farsightedness, presbyopia, and astigmatism. Cataracts cloud the lens of the eyes and are one of the major causes of blindness. Glaucoma damages the optic nerve and can cause blindness if fluid pressure inside the eyes rises slowly.
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How eyeworks diseases
- 2. How the Eye Works The eye works like a camera. Light is focused through the cornea and the crystalline lens onto the retina. The central part of the retina, called macula, is responsible for sharp vision. The rest of the retina caters for peripheral vision and navigation. How vision is affected by eye diseases A normally working eye generates a sharp central image (central vision) with well visualised surrounding features (peripheral vision). Macular diseases affect the sharpness of the central vision and distorts it.
- 3. In neovascular AMD (nAMD also referred to as wet AMD) leaky blood vessels cause accumulation of fluid into the macula (macular oedema) and/or bleeding. Effect of fluid accumulation in the macula in early stages of wet AMD and macular oedema. Neovascular (wet) AMD, more advanced leakage Neovascular (wet) AMD, advanced and severe leakage Effect of bleeding in the macula in Neovascular (wet) AMD
- 4. Effect of bleeding in the macula in Neovascular (wet) AMD, more severe stage
- 5. Effect of early cataract on vision Effect of more advanced cataract on vision Effect of glaucoma, early stages on vision Effect of glaucoma, more advanced stages on vision
- 6. Effect of glaucoma, very advanced stages on vision