This is to brief about common eye conditions in Sri Lanka. PPP for educate drivers in SL Navy, Welisara, Sri Lanka.

1. Common Eye Diseases
Dr R S Walpitagamage
Registrar in Ophthalmology
CNTH-Ragama
Sri Lanka

2. To See the world….
Why the Eyes are important..

3. Why two eyes are more important
to you..
• See the road and vehicles and pedestrian clearly
• Read and identify road signals correctly
• Decide the distance and relative speed properly
• View a larger field of vision
• Night vision
• Color vision

4. Vision standards for Driving license
in Sri Lanka..
• With the ever increasing number of vehicles using our
roads, it is inevitable that drivers need to call upon
increasing use of sensory and motor skills in order to
negotiate safely through the traffic.
• Approximately 95% of the sensory input to the brain
required for driving comes from vision.
• So it is obviously essential for adequate standards of
vision to be set for the driver of any vehicle and these
are set down as either statutory requirements or
guidance from the professional body i.e. The College of
Ophthalmologists of Sri Lanka

5. Vision standards for Driving license in Sri Lanka..
Visual acuity
ln examining
Snellens test type
and the standard
near vision testing
should be used.
Commercial
passenger transport
vehicles and all
Heavy vehicles
6/9, 6/12 or vice
versa with or
without glasses
Should wear
corrective Ienses
(Spectacles/
contacts) when
driving.
The appropriate
correction needs to
be tolerated by the
driver.
Uncorrected
minimum vision in
the worse eye 6/60
Light vehicles for
personal use (not for
commercial
passenger transport)
6/12in each eye with
or without glasses
Should wear
corrective lenses
(Spectacles/ contacts;
when driving.
The appropriate
correction needs to
be tolerated by the
driver.
Three Wheeler for
personal use (not for
commercial passenger
transport) and
Motorcycles
6/12 ln each eye with
or without glasses
Should wear corrective
Ienses (Spectacles/
contacts) when
driving.
The appropriate
correction needs to be
tolerated by the driver

6. Vision standards for Driving license in
Sri Lanka..
• Field of vision
Test should be carried out
binocular Esterman visual
fields
140 " in the horizontal
rneridian No defect within 20 "
from fixation horizontally or
vertically

7. Vision standards for Driving license in
Sri Lanka..
Monocular vision
(worse eye: 6/60 or less ) Under special circumstances on an
individual basis could be considered provided that following
criteria are met
1.Visual acuity is 6/9 or better with or without correction
2.Uncorrected minimum vision should be 6/36
3.Visual fields - 120 " in the horizontal meridian No extension
of peripheral defect within 20 o from fixation horizontally or
vertically Within central 20' single missed point or cluster of 3
adjoining
Light vehicles for personal use
(not for commercial passenger transport)
With modifications..!
No three wheelers
No motorcycles

8. It is very important to protect
your eyes..
• Applied Anatomy
• Common diseases of eye
• Common eye injuries
• Prevention is better than cure
• Protective methods
• Screening
• First aids
• Treatments and follow-up

9. Anatomy of the Eye

10. ස්වච්ඡය
තාරා මණ්ඩලය
කාචය
කණීනිකාව
දෘෂ්ටි විතානය
රුධිර ග්‍රාහිය
කහ ලපය
අන්ධ බිංදුව
Anatomy of the Eye

11. Causes of Visual Impairment in Sri Lanka
Other
Diabetes
ARMD
Refractive Errors
Glaucoma
Cataracts

12. Cataract
• What is it?
Opacification of lens
• Commoner in elderly people above 50 years
• Gradual vision loss leads to complete blindness
• More than a half of blind people in this country are
blind of Cataract
• Untreated mature cataract leading to
complications, Glaucoma, Uveitis, dislocation of
lens causing poor visual outcome.

13. Symptoms of cataract?
These symptoms may include:
• Blurred vision at distance or near (different types may affect
distance greater than near or vice versa, see below)
• Glare (halos or streaks around lights, difficulty seeing in the
presence of bright lights)
• Difficulty seeing in low light situations (including poor night
vision)
• Loss of contrast sensitivity
• Loss of ability to discern colors
• Increasing near-sightedness or change in refractive status
(including "second sight" phenomenon)

14. Treatment for cataracts
Cataract Extraction and Intraocular lens implantation
Phaco + IOL
ECCE

15. Glaucoma
What is Glaucoma?
• Glaucoma is a disease that
damages your eye’s optic
nerve.
• It usually happens when fluid
builds up in the front part of
your eye.
• That extra fluid increases the
pressure in your eye,
damaging the optic nerve.

17. What are the symptoms of
Glaucoma?
Usually no symptoms till the eye
get blind
Tunnel vision at later stages

19. Diagnosis of Glaucoma
Eye examination
Eye Pressure
Measurement
Visual Fields
HVF 24-2
Eye Scans
OCT-RNFL

20. Treatment for Glaucoma
Control
Eye Pressure
Proper instillation of Eye drops

21. How to Use Eye Drops Properly
Wash your hands thoroughly with
soap and water.
(Using a mirror or having someone else give you the eye drops
may make this procedure easier.)
2. Check the dropper tip to make sure that it is
not chipped or cracked.
3. Avoid touching the dropper tip against your
eye or anything else - eyedrops and droppers
must be kept clean.

22. 5. Hold the dropper (tip down)
with the other hand, as close to
the eye as possible without
touching it.
6. Brace the remaining fingers of that hand
against your face.
4. While tilting your head back, pull
down the lower lid of your eye
with your index finger to
form a pocket.

23. 8. Close your eye for 2 to 3 minutes
and tip your head down as
though looking at the floor. Try
not to blink or squeeze your eyelids.
7. While looking up, gently squeeze
the dropper so that a single drop falls
into the pocket made by the lower
eyelid. Remove your index finger from
the lower eyelid.

24. 9. Place a finger on the tear duct and apply
gentle pressure.
10. Wipe any excess liquid from your face with a
tissue.
11. If you are to use more than one drop in the
same eye, wait at least 5 minutes before
instilling the next drop.

25. 12. Replace and tighten the cap on the dropper
bottle. Do not wipe or rinse the dropper tip.
Remember
•Follow directions carefully
•Do not miss doses
•Use the exact number of drops recommended
•Store medications out of reach of children
13. Wash your hands to remove any
medication.

26. Refractive Errors
Normal Eye
Myopic Eye
Hypermetropic Eye
Concave lens
Convex lens

27. Astigmatism
Astigmatism

28. Presbyopia

29. Diabetic
Retinopathy
• People with diabetes can have an
eye disease called diabetic
retinopathy.
• This is when high blood sugar
levels cause damage to blood
vessels in the retina.
• These blood vessels can swell
and leak.
• Or they can close, stopping blood
from passing through.
• Sometimes abnormal new blood
vessels grow on the retina.
• All of these changes can steal
your vision.

30. Diagnosis
Mainly by Dilated fundus examination
FFA OCT

31. Diabetic Retinopathy
• Asymptomatic till later stages
• Screening is important
• Annual eye checkup- if you are a diabetic
• Follow-up depending on the stage
• Tight blood sugar control
• Proper treatment to cholesterol
• Blood pressure control
• Stop smoking
If you are a
diabetic,
get your eyes
checked !

32. Treatments

33. Conjunctivitis

34. Chalazion/stye

35. Foreign bodies

36. Corneal Ulcers

37. Chemical Injuries
Wash & Wash, Rush to Hospital

38. Ocular Trauma
Rush to Hospital

39. Thank You!
Have a Safe Drive…..