Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve that can cause vision loss and blindness if not treated. It is characterized by progressive damage to the optic nerve that begins with loss of peripheral vision. Worldwide, glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness, affecting over 3 million people in the US alone. The most common type, primary open-angle glaucoma, has no symptoms except gradual vision loss, so regular eye exams are important. There are five main types of glaucoma: open-angle, angle-closure, congenital, secondary, and normal tension glaucoma.

1. Glaucoma
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2. What is glaucoma?
• Glaucoma is a disease of the major nerve of vision, called
the optic nerve.
• The optic nerve receives light-generated nerve impulses
from the retina andtransmits these to the brain, where we
recognize those electrical signals asvision.
• Glaucoma is characterized by a particular pattern of
progressivedamage to the optic nerve that generally
begins with a subtle loss of sidevision (peripheral vision).
If glaucoma is not diagnosed and treated, it canprogress
to loss of central vision and blindness.

3. How common is glaucoma?
• Worldwide, glaucoma is the second leading cause of
irreversible blindness. Infact, as many as 6 million
individuals are blind in both eyes from this disease.
• In the United States alone, according to one estimate,
more than 3 millionpeople have glaucoma. As many as
half of these individuals with glaucomamay not know that
they have the disease.
• The reason they are unaware of thepresence of the
disease is that glaucoma initially causes no symptoms,
andthe subsequent loss of side vision (peripheral vision)
is usually not recognized.

4. What Are the Symptoms of Glaucoma?
• The most common type of glaucoma is primary open-angle glaucoma. It has no signs or
symptoms except gradual vision loss. For that reason, it’s important that you go to yearly
comprehensive eye exams so your ophthalmologist, or eye specialist, can monitor any changes
in your vision.
Acute-angle closure glaucoma, which is also known as narrow-angle glaucoma, is a medical
emergency. See your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms:
severe eye pain
• nausea
• vomiting
• redness in your eye
• sudden vision disturbances
• seeing colored rings around lights
• sudden blurred visio
What Are the Symptoms of Glaucoma?

5. What Are the Types of Glaucoma?
• Five major types of glaucoma exist. These are:

6. Open-Angle (Chronic) Glaucoma
• Open-angle, or chronic, glaucoma has no signs or
symptoms except gradual vision loss. This loss may be so
slow that your vision can suffer irreparable damage before
any other signs become apparent. According the National
Eye Institute (NEI), this is the most common type of
glaucoma.

7. Angle-Closure (Acute) Glaucoma
• If the flow of your aqueous humor fluid is suddenly
blocked, the rapid buildup of fluid may cause a severe,
quick, and painful increase in pressure. Angleclosure
glaucoma is an emergency situation. You should call your
doctor immediately if you begin experiencing symptoms,
such as severe pain,nausea, and blurred vision

8. Congenital Glaucoma
• Children born with congenital glaucoma have a defect in
the angle of their eye, which slows or prevents normal
fluid drainage. Congenital glaucoma usually presents with
symptoms, such as cloudy eyes, excessive tearing, or
sensitivity to light. Congenital glaucoma can run in
families.

9. Secondary Glaucoma
• Secondary glaucoma is often a side effect of injury or
another eye condition, such as cataracts or eye tumors.
Medicines, such as corticosteroids, may also cause this
type of glaucoma. Rarely, eye surgery can cause
secondary glaucoma.

10. Normal Tension Glaucoma
• In some cases, people without increased eye pressure
develop damage to their optic nerve. The cause of this
isn’t known. However, extreme sensitivity or a lack of
blood flow to your optic nerve may be a factor in this type
of glaucoma.

11. Thank You
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