How disease spreads student version
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The document discusses various topics related to disease transmission and prevention. It defines infectious and non-infectious diseases, and outlines three main ways diseases can spread: through air, food, water; vectors; and person to person contact. Prevention methods are provided for each transmission category. Key terms are defined, such as epidemic, pandemic, carrier, and sexually transmitted diseases. Students are directed to practice the vocabulary and complete an exit ticket quiz.
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Viruses are microscopic particles that infect cells and use their cellular machinery to replicate. They are not considered living organisms as they cannot carry out basic functions like eating, growing, or responding to their environments independently. Viruses come in different shapes including spherical, cylindrical, and complex geometries. They contain either DNA or RNA genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. Viruses infect specific types of hosts like plants, animals, or bacteria and use one of two cycles to replicate - lytic where new viruses are immediately produced or lysogenic where viral genes lie dormant before initiating replication. While antibiotics are ineffective against viruses, vaccinations and antiviral drugs can help prevent and treat viral infections.
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- While TB primarily affects the lungs, it can spread to other areas like the brain, kidneys, bones, and lymph nodes. People at high risk include those with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, low body weight, or cancers
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Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease that usually affects the lungs but can spread to other organs, and is transmitted when a person with active TB coughs or sneezes near someone, causing them to inhale the airborne bacteria. Common symptoms include tiredness, weakness, weight loss, fever, night sweats, coughing, chest pain, coughing up blood, and shortness of breath. Treatment involves a lengthy course of antibiotics or potentially lung surgery to cure the infection.
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The document discusses the immune system's response to pathogens like viruses. It explains that the immune system has both non-specific innate responses that provide immediate defense against infection, as well as specific acquired responses that develop over time and provide long-lasting immunity. The non-specific response involves barriers like skin and mucous membranes, while the specific response produces antibodies that target unique antigens on pathogens through B cells and T cells. Viruses are also able to specifically infect certain host species or cell types through receptor binding of viral antigens. Examples of several viral diseases and their characteristics are also outlined.
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For detailed explanation, Visit us on Youtube Channel: The Academic Table (shorturl.at/szFV9)
Why do bats transmit most of the viruses? Bats have something with their immune system that Bats are host and reservoir of many dangerous viruses like corona virus that cause covid19.
Contact us: theacademictable@gmail.com
Visit on Youtube Channel: The Academic Table
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This document discusses disease and immunity. It defines pathogens and how they cause damage and enter the body. The body has mechanical, chemical, and cellular defenses against pathogens like hairs, mucus, stomach acid, lymphocytes, and phagocytes. Good hygiene practices like handwashing, food handling, waste disposal, and personal hygiene help reduce disease transmission. The immune system produces antibodies to mark pathogens for destruction. Memory cells provide long-term immunity after infection. Active immunity occurs through antibody production while passive immunity uses antibodies from another source temporarily.
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1. HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, contaminated needles, blood transfusions, and from mother to child during pregnancy or birth. It attacks CD4 T cells in the immune system.
2. AIDS develops when HIV has destroyed enough T cells to weaken the immune system, making a person vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
3. Some diseases like allergies, cancer, diabetes, asthma, and heart disease are not spread between people but have other causes like genetics or environment.
Animal vaccine study yields insights that may advance HIV vaccine research
A shot study in apes designed to identify significant signs that the canines were protected after infection by SIV, the monkey release of HIV.
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The document discusses how the immune system responds to pathogens. When a pathogen enters the body, lymphocytes recognize it and produce antibodies specific to that pathogen. The antibodies coat the pathogen and recruit phagocytes to destroy it. Memory cells remain after an infection to allow for a faster response if the same pathogen is encountered again. It takes time for antibodies to be produced and for the pathogen to be eliminated, during which time the pathogen may continue to reproduce. Vaccination provides active immunity by exposing the body to dead or weakened pathogens to stimulate memory cell production without causing disease.
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- Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that attacks the lungs and can spread to other parts of the body. It is transmitted through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.
- The main causes of TB are various mycobacterium species, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Symptoms include prolonged cough, coughing up blood, chest pain, weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, and chills.
- While TB primarily affects the lungs, it can spread to other areas like the brain, kidneys, bones, and lymph nodes. People at high risk include those with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, low body weight, or cancers
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Louis Pasteur was a French chemist who discovered that microorganisms cause disease in humans. He invented pasteurization to kill harmful microbes. In the late 1800s, scientists realized the connection between microorganisms and the spread of disease. Robert Koch developed a method for identifying disease-causing organisms that helped advance treatment. Joseph Lister recognized the relationship between infections and cleanliness, and used carbolic acid to disinfect surgical tools and wash skin, reducing surgical infections.
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A disease is a condition where the body's organs or structures are not functioning properly, causing physical or mental illness, limiting activities, and potentially leading to death. Diseases can have various causes including bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, protozoa, and fungi. Bacteria come in different shapes and sizes and can cause diseases like tetanus, diphtheria, and tuberculosis. Viruses are even smaller than bacteria and cause diseases studied in virology. Rickettsiae and protozoa also cause diseases transmitted by carriers like mosquitoes and ticks. Environmental factors like living conditions as well as social factors can influence susceptibility to infectious diseases.
Vaccinations 6º
Vaccinations provide artificial immunity by introducing harmless versions of viruses or bacteria into the body. This allows the immune system to develop antibodies without experiencing the actual disease. Natural immunity develops when a person contracts an illness and their body fights it off. The key difference is that vaccines contain dead or weakened germs while natural immunity results from surviving the live infection. Vaccinations train the immune system to quickly recognize and destroy pathogens it may encounter in the future through exposure to similar but harmless versions during the vaccination process.
Tuberculosis lecture
- Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted through the air when infected individuals cough, sneeze, or speak.
- When M. tuberculosis is inhaled, it can settle in the lungs and be ingested by immune cells. Most bacteria are destroyed, but some may survive and multiply within immune cells.
- From the lungs, the bacteria can spread via the bloodstream or lymphatic system to other parts of the body, such as the kidneys, spine, and brain. This establishes latent TB infection, which can later develop into active TB disease.
Y8 Humans 10 infectious diseases
This document discusses infectious diseases and microbes. It explains that infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, and fungi. It defines disease and explains that microbes need food, water, and warmth to grow and replicate. It provides examples of how different diseases are spread, such as through contaminated food or water, coughs and sneezes, mosquito bites, or sexual contact.
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The document discusses diseases, immunity, and vaccination. It defines pathogens and transmissible diseases, and describes how the body has defenses against disease like the skin, mucus, and immune cells. It explains that antibodies target antigens on pathogens for destruction, and that active immunity results from infection or vaccination by producing antibodies and memory cells. Vaccination works by introducing harmless pathogens to trigger an immune response and long-term immunity through memory cells. The document also discusses passive immunity providing short-term protection through acquired antibodies without memory cells.
Microbes
Microbes are tiny organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. They are found everywhere in the environment and inside and on humans and animals. While most microbes are harmless or beneficial, some can cause illness. There are more microbes on the human body and in soil and oceans than any other type of organism. The three main types of microbes are bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Microbes play a vital role in ecosystems by decomposing waste, generating oxygen, and participating in nutrient cycles. They also aid in food production and help break down food in human and animal digestive systems.
Shingles: mini project
Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus can remain dormant in the nerve tissue and reactivate later in life as shingles. Shingles typically causes a painful rash that develops on one side of the body or face. The rash blisters and scabs over within 2-4 weeks. While shingles itself is not contagious, the virus can spread to those who have not had chickenpox if they come into direct contact with the rash blisters. Risk of shingles increases with age, with about half of cases occurring in people over 60 years old
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease that usually affects the lungs but can spread to other organs, and is transmitted when a person with active TB coughs or sneezes near someone, causing them to inhale the airborne bacteria. Common symptoms include tiredness, weakness, weight loss, fever, night sweats, coughing, chest pain, coughing up blood, and shortness of breath. Treatment involves a lengthy course of antibiotics or potentially lung surgery to cure the infection.
The immune system & viral specificity
The document discusses the immune system's response to pathogens like viruses. It explains that the immune system has both non-specific innate responses that provide immediate defense against infection, as well as specific acquired responses that develop over time and provide long-lasting immunity. The non-specific response involves barriers like skin and mucous membranes, while the specific response produces antibodies that target unique antigens on pathogens through B cells and T cells. Viruses are also able to specifically infect certain host species or cell types through receptor binding of viral antigens. Examples of several viral diseases and their characteristics are also outlined.
Why do bats transmit most of the viruses
For detailed explanation, Visit us on Youtube Channel: The Academic Table (shorturl.at/szFV9)
Why do bats transmit most of the viruses? Bats have something with their immune system that Bats are host and reservoir of many dangerous viruses like corona virus that cause covid19.
Contact us: theacademictable@gmail.com
Visit on Youtube Channel: The Academic Table
Hawaiiancoke
This document analyzes evidence for and against the airborne transmission of the Ebola virus. It discusses how four workers at a monkey house became infected without direct contact, and how healthy monkeys in separate cages died of Ebola. However, it also notes that when medical staff fled a hospital in an Ebola outbreak, the virus did not spread further through the air. The document then describes how the Ebola virus replicates in organs and cells, overwhelming the immune system and causing multi-organ failure. Finally, it discusses the ethics of obligating healthcare workers to contain emerging diseases despite risks to their families or themselves.
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positioning
Posisi produk adalah upaya merancang produk dan merek agar memiliki posisi unik di benak pelanggan. Ada tiga langkah utama menciptakan posisi produk, yaitu memilih konsep posisi, merancang fitur komunikasi posisi, dan memantau serta melakukan penyesuaian posisi. Strategi posisi produk dapat didasarkan pada atribut, manfaat, kesempatan penggunaan, kategori pemakai, atau lawan produk lain.
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El estudiante de ciencias básicas y propuesta a los profesores
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When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
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在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
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Masking and demasking reagents
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1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
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Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
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Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
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原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
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- 4. INFECTIOUS DISEASE Any disease that is caused by a pathogen (a microbe that causes disease).
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- 17. EXIT TICKET Log in to Kahoot first name last initial
Editor's Notes
- D A