Reactor Purpose Basic Chemistry Formation of New Entity in reactor Adiabatic Process How Temperature Gets Achieved in Reactor Jacket Importance Types of Jacket & Usage

2. How Temperature Gets Achieved In Reactor:
•Reactor Purpose
•Basic Chemistry
•Formation of New Entity in reactor
•Adiabatic Process
•How Temperature Gets Achieved in Reactor
•Jacket Importance
•Types of Jacket & Usage

3. Reactor Purpose In Industry:
• Mainly it is used to carried out a
variety of process operations like
mixing, chemical reactions,
crystallization, work up,
extraction, distillation.
•For example to covert
something A in to B by means
various unit operation or reaction
and to generate revenue for
company.

4. Basic Chemistry:
• To Convert A into B chemically,
Reaction needed in between A &
various RM’s with A.
•To React A & RM’s, Some
favourable conditions ha to be given
like temperature, pressure, reaction
initiator (Catalyst) etc.
•Some reactions are exothermic &
Endothermic (Adiabatic Process)
•Reaction in lab apparatus Vs
Commercial Plant Reactor (Volume
Ratio)
•In Plant, Heat Transfer is the big
Issue.

5. • In Reactor, Diff. Temperature
gets achieved through different
utilities like CW, CHW, CHBr,
Br, Steam, Hot Oil etc.
• But How????
• There is a hollow enclosed area
around the reactor vessel Through
which above utilities get passed
to achieve the desired
temperature.
•Jacket has import role in Heat
Transfer & Process performance.
How Temperature Gets Achieved in Reactor:

6. • In view of batch time cycle for
business & product quality, Heat
must be transferred in / out
efficiently.
•Thus Selection of jacket for
appropriate operation is important.
•Products in reactor either
liberate or absorb heat during
process.
•To hold & maintain the mass
desired temperature, proper heat
transfer must be there by means
of external effect through jacket
Jacket Importance in Reactor:

7. • Performance of jacket can be
defined on 3 parameters:
•Response time.
•Uniformity of temperature.
•Stability of temperature.
Jacket Importance in Reactor:

8. • Ideally its
•Conventional Type
•Half Pipe Coiled
•Dimple Jacket
•Constant Flux Cooling
Jacket
•Internal Coil
Jacket Types:

9. • A simple conventional jacket with
no internal component, is generally
inefficient for heat transfer bcz the
flow media has an extremely low
velocity resulting in low heat
transfer coefficient.
•Internals include baffles that direct
flow in a spiral pattern around the
jacket
•Variance in temp. can occur
between the side walls and bottom of
vessel.
Jacket Types (Conventional Type):

10. • If more precise temp. control
and distribution is important for
your application, this is not good
option.
•Used for low pressure (Below 50
psi or 3.5 Kg / Cm2.
•Used in high fluid volume
application
•Low Pressure Drop
Jacket Types (Conventional Type):

11. •Also Known as Limpet Coil Jacket Or
Split Coil Jacket.
•Half Pipe (As Shown in Figure) gets
welded up around the reactor vessel.
•Media flow through the pipe coils with
high velocity and turbulence.
•Film Coefficient and heat transfer are
higher than the convention type jackets.
•Mass in reactor heat up & cool down
easily and faster.
•Save Energy & Reducing batch time.
•Safe to use for utilities of high
pressures like 450 psi or 31.6 Kg/Cm2
Jacket Types (Half Pipe Coil):

12. •A thin external shell is affixed to
the shell with spot welds located
in a regular patterns of about
50mm on centre both horizontally
and vertically.
•These so called dimple impart
turbulence to the heating or
cooling media as it flows through
th jacket.
•Provide large heating and
cooling area.
•High Pressure Drop.
Jacket Types (Dimple Jacket):

13. •A Recent Development
•Not a single jacket but has series of
20 or more small jackets
•The temp. control valve operates by
opening and closing these channels
as per requirements.
•Process temp. can be regulate
without altering the jacket temp.
•It has very fast temp. control
response (Typically less than 5 sec.)
due to the short length of flow
channels & high velocity of heat
transfer fluid.
Jacket Types (Constant Flux Cooling Jacket):

14. •Utilized inside vessels for
transient heating and cooling of
liquid.
•They move from top head down
•Cleaning is main issue in this
kind of jacketed vessel.
•They provide high flow, high
internal & External pressure.
•Used for non corrosive product
•Efficient Heat transfer
• Pressure up to 900 psi.
Jacket Types (Internal Coil):