Centrifugal Pumps Different Parts & Their function in Pharmaceuticals Industries: 1. Main parts of centrifugal pump 2. Types of impeller

2. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
What are main parts of centrifugal pumps?
•Impeller
•Casing (Volute)
•Shaft (Rotor)
•Shaft sealing
•Bearings

3. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
Impeller:
•Impeller is a rotor used to increase the kinetic energy of the flow.
•The impeller is the rotating component within the centrifugal
pump design, which transfers the energy from the pump’s motor
to the fluid.
•It is made up of vanes that come off an open inlet at the centre,
known as the eye, which create a centrifugal force as they spin to
move the liquid from the casing to the discharge point.

4. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
Impeller Types:
•Open:
Open impellers have the vanes
free on both sides. Open impellers
are structurally weak. They are
typically used in small-diameter,
inexpensive pumps and pumps
handling suspended solids. they
require a higher NPSH to operate
without cavitations, damage and
loss of efficiency.

5. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
Impeller Types:
•Semi-open impeller. The vanes are
free on one side and enclosed on the
other. The shroud adds mechanical
strength. They also offer higher
efficiencies than open impellers. They
can be used in medium-diameter
pumps and with liquids containing
small amounts of suspended solids.
Because of minimization of
recirculation and other losses, it is
very important that a small clearance
exists between the impeller vanes and
the casing.

6. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
Impeller Types:
•Closed impeller. The vanes are
located between the two discs, all
in a single casting. They are used in
large pumps with high efficiencies
and low required

7. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
Impeller Selection:
1. Solid Handling
2. Strength
3. Efficiency
4. Duty

8. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
Impeller Selection:
1. Solid Handling: Open & Vortex
Impellers can handle solid
content in fluid where closed
impellers are prone to clogging |
wear.
2. Strength: Closed Impeller have a
front and back shroud adding
strength for heavier duty use
where open impellers do not
benefit from.

9. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
Impeller Selection:
3. Efficiency: Open Impellers are
less efficient than closed
impellers & require higher NPSH
to operate with out cavitations
or loss of efficiency.
4. Duty: As larger the impellers
diameter, greater the flow / head
produced. Duty required
determines the impeller size.

10. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
Impeller Can Be Either:
Single-suction:
A single-suction impeller allows
liquid to enter the centre of the
blades from only one direction.
Double-suction. A double-suction
impeller allows liquid to enter the
centre of the impeller blades from
both sides simultaneously. This
reduces forces exerted on the shaft.

11. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
Casing (Volute):
•The volute is a curved funnel that
increases in area as it approaches the
discharge port.
•The casing contains the liquid and acts
as a pressure containment vessel that
directs the flow of liquid in and out of the
centrifugal pump.
•The volute of a centrifugal pump is the
casing that receives the fluid being
pumped by the impeller, slowing down
the fluid’s rate of flow.

12. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
Casing (Volute):
•According to Bernoulli’s principle, the
volute converts kinetic energy into
pressure by reducing speed while
increasing pressure.
•Some centrifugal pumps contain
diffusers. A diffuser is a set of stationary
vanes that surround the impeller.
•The diffuser directs the flow, allows a
more gradual expansion and therefore
increases the efficiency of the centrifugal
pump.

13. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
Shaft (Rotor).The impeller is mounted
on a shaft. Shaft is a mechanical
component for transmitting torque from
the motor to the impeller.

14. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
Shaft sealing. Centrifugal pumps are
provided with packing rings or
mechanical seal which helps prevent the
leakage of the pumped liquid.

15. Centrifugals Pumps Parts:
Bearings. Bearings constrain relative
motion of the shaft (rotor) and reduce
friction between the rotating shaft and
the stator.
There are at least 5 common types of
bearing, each of which operates on
different principles:
Plain bearing
Rolling-element bearing
Jewel bearing
Fluid bearing
Magnetic bearing