What is Reactors? Reactors Type in Pharma Industries? Glass Lined Reactors GLR Making Process GLR Vs SSR Advantage of GLR Type of GLR’s Acid / Base Impact Thermal Shock Spark Test Mechanical Shock Do & Dont’s for glass lined equipment

2. API Production Mein Kaam Kese Hota Hai:
What is Reactors?
Reactors Type in Pharma
Industries?
Glass Lined Reactors
GLR Making Process
GLR Vs SSR
Advantage of GLR
Type of GLR’s
Acid / Base Impact
Thermal Shock
Spark Test
Mechanical Shock
Do & Dont’s for glass lined
equipment

3. Glass Lined Reactors :
What is Reactor?
A Reactor is a kind of vessel with many auxiliary parts like agitator, baffles,
thermo well etc.
We Can Say it is essentially an industrial "pressure cooker", where the
contents (RM / KSM ) are under gone with pressure and/or temperature to
for a new desired substance (API / Intermediate.
A critical and very important element in production lines
Used in the fields of petrochemicals, light industry, pharmaceuticals,
pesticide, food, dyes and scientific research

4. Glass Lined Reactors :
Reactor Types?
Based on MOC, purpose reactors of reactors used in pharmaceuticals
industries could be classified as
Stainless Steel Reactor
Glass Lined Reactors
Hastelloy Reactors

5. Glass Lined Reactors :
Glass Lined Reactor?
GLR are made by spraying liquid glass (enamels) on surfaces of metal vessel
to provide high levels of chemical resistance surfaces.
The glass coating is sprayed then fused onto the surface of sub-straight
material at high temperature, in a repetitive process until the desired glass
thickness is achieved.
Glass Lined Reactors have a very high corrosion resistance against acidic
media with different concentrations.
Used in Diverse range of operating condition
Easy to clean due to smooth surface.
Less chances of contamination / cross contamination due to inert nature of
coated glass.
Highly Durable if used in favourable conditions

6. Glass Lined Reactors :
Glass Lined Reactor MOC?
 Outer body could be of metal cs / ms etc.
 Inner body is coated with borosilicate glass of
thickness 1.1-1.2 mm.
 It has low coefficient of thermal expansion.
 But sudden jerks in temp. Can damage the glass
coating.

7. Glass Lined Reactors :
GLR Making Process?
 Shell Rolling
 Flaring of Nozzle
 Agitator Welding
 Finished Fabricated Vessels &
Components
 Blasting
 Glass Grinding
 Liquid Glass Spraying
 Job Firing
 Glass Lining Inspection
 Lathe Machine Shop
 Agitator Machining
 Fixing Agitator Assembly
 Hydro Test
 Run Test
 Shaft Alignment Dial guage
 Painting
 Internal packing
 Ready for Dispatch

8. Glass Lined Reactors :
GLR Vs SSR?
Features GLR SSR
Corrosion
Resistance
Universal resistance to all acids,
alkalis or bases.
Corrode over time with toxic material
GOOD ADEQUATE
Flexibility
Internal Process Change with no
investment
Investment is required when process
variation is required
GOOD ADEQUATE
Economy
Increased life span due to
superior lining
Vessel Required changing with
increase frequency over time
GOOD ADEQUATE

9. Glass Lined Reactors :
GLR Vs SSR?
Features GLR SSR
Contamination No Contamination Increased contamination due to aggressive
reactions. Then can lead to incorrect
processes thus increase cost.
GOOD ADEQUATE
Cleaning Smooth surfaces & non
corrosive property makes
task simple.
Increased man hours resulting in increased
downtime.
GOOD ADEQUATE
Cost Cheap than SSR Expensive than GLR
GOOD ADEQUATE

10. Glass Lined Reactors :
Advantage of GLR:
1. Corrosion Resistance
They are of superior corrosion resistance to acids, alkalis, water and other chemical solutions (with the
exception for hydrofluoric acid and hot concentrated phosphoric acid).
2. Flexibility
The chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of glass are proof that this material can handle
a diverse range of operating conditions.
Users of GLR are therefore able to make drastic changes to their process with no added
investment for new equipment needed.
3. Purity
Aggressive reaction environments tend to dissolve metals from unlined mild steel or alloy
reactors.
Extractable metals, such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and copper, can leach into and
contaminate your product, producing undesired catalytic effects that can cause harmful
fluctuations in the process reactions.
These metals can compromise product quality, negatively affect product yield, and in some cases
even cause runaway reactions.
GLR is inert so it is impervious to contamination. Additionally, it does not adversely affect flavor
or color, which is of extreme importance to food and drug applications where purity is essential.

11. Glass Lined Reactors :
Advantage of GLR:
4. Ease of Cleaning
In pharmaceutical processes, cleaning is critical & important. Between batches, each reactor and
its associated process equipment must be thoroughly cleaned in order to assure product quality.
GLR has been adapted to cGMP requirements for cleaning, cleanliness, and sterilization.
Its high degree of surface smoothness makes it easy to clean using non-corrosive, low pressure
cleaning systems.
The smooth surface of GLR also resists the buildup of viscous or sticky products, which means
less frequent cleaning.
5. Economy
When properly handled and maintained, GLR can be a cost-efficient solution compared to steel
and alloy vessels, whose service life can be drastically shortened due to their inability to resist
corrosion the way glass lining can. The combination of glass and steel provides you with the best
of both materials of construction; fusing glass to steel produces a composite material with an
inside that offers product protection and an outside that provides structural strength and
durability.

12. Glass Lined Reactors :
Types of GLR:
Blue Coloured GLR:
Good corrosion resistance for all kind
of pH

13. Glass Lined Reactors :
Types of GLR:
Sky Blue Coloured GLR:
Basically used in pharma industry
Improve monitoring facilty for
cleaning

14. Glass Lined Reactors :
Types of GLR:
White Coloured GLR:
Used for photochemical reactions for
observing changes in fluid colour

15. Glass Lined Reactors :
Types of GLR:
Green Coloured GLR:
Used for reactions having temp above
270 deg C.

16. Impact of Acid:
Impact of Acid on GLR:
Never use GLR for HF,
Conc, Phosphoric acids &
Phosphorus acids bcz these
acid reacts with glass and
damage the coating.
Glass lined are resistant to
corrosion but rate of corrosion
depends on conc. & temp. Of
acid.

17. Impact of Base:
Impact of Base on GLR:
Corrosion due to bases is
more severe than acids
Greater the conc. & pH,
corrosion will be greater.
Temp. Plays important
role: an increase of 10 deg c
will double the rate of
corrosion.

18. Thermal Shock:
 Glass fused on metal substrate at
870Deg C
 Glass solidifies at 325deg C on the
surface of metal substrate
 As further cooling proceeds glass
has low coefficient of thermal
expansion than metal
 Glass is under some stress level.
 If temp. Change is abrupt the
change in compressive stress in
glass will also be abrupt causing
the glass to break.

19. Spark Test:
 Done to check any damage in lining
 Done with 5KV AC/ DC source
 Where there is damage will generate
spark frequent testing must be avoided
as it decrease the life of GLR.

20. Mechanical Shock:
 Damaged due to lifting
 Damaged due to fall of object inside
the reactor
 Due to use of highly viscous liquid

21. Glass Lined Reactors :