How can Internet of Things technology and IoT powered devices help to reduce energy consumption levels and improve the management of modern cities.

1. How can Internet of Things technology and IoT powered devices help to
reduce energy consumption levels and improve the management
of modern cities
How Can IoT Make Cities "Smart"?
INTERSECTION OF BUSINESS, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

2. What Is IoT?
• Internet of Things (IoT) is more of a concept rather than a technology
• When we talk about IoT technology, we actually refer to the conglomeration of
various technologies and tech enabled devices using IoT concepts
• It can include tangible devices such as connectors, sensors, cables, computer
hardware, mobile phones, display panels etc.
• It can also comprise of non-tangible parts like software and Wi-Fi required to
function the devices
An IoT technology stack is nothing else other than a range of technologies, standards
and applications, which help in connecting various types of objects to the Internet, to
gather valuable insights as well as to enhance the scope of applications by connecting
things, gathering data and analysing it to produce useful results or actions

3. • As per predictions by Gartner, the global analyst firm, by 2020 there could be more than 20
billion "things" connected to the Internet
• According to an estimate, in the near future there might be over 40 billion IoT powered devices
• Each active user will be using 30 such IoT devices
Importance of IoT
As technologies advance and more and more businesses, the world over, gear
up to tap the financial benefits offered by a highly lucrative IoT market, the
scope of IoT applicability is increasing by leaps and bounds

4. Some Common Use Cases Of IoT
• Tracking behaviour for real time marketing
• Enhanced situational awareness
• Sensor driven decision analytics
• Process optimization
• Optimized resource consumption and
• Instantaneous control and response in complex autonomous systems

5. What Is A Smart City?
• Different types of electronic data-collection sensors are used to generate information
• Information is used for managing assets and resources in a more efficient manner
• The data is analysed to monitor and manage transportation and traffic systems, water
supply networks, power plants, waste management, information systems, law
enforcement, hospitals, schools, libraries and other community based services
• The smart city “technology” facilitates city officials to interact directly with the
community and infrastructure so they can monitor what is happening within the city
and how the city is evolving
The concept of smart city integrates information and communication technology (ICT)
with various physical devices connected to a network – the Internet of things or IoT -
to make city operations more efficient and provide quality services to citizens

6. Making Cities “Smart” With IoT
• There are no rules to define a smart city
• The general conception of a smart city is a populated urban area using
different types of electronic data collection devices and/or sensors to
generate information used to manage assets and resources in an efficient
manner
• Typically, a smart city offers core infrastructure and gives a decent quality
of life to its local citizens in addition to a clean and sustainable
environment. Therefore, cities have to be envisioned and planned to
become “smart”

7. Structural Health Of Buildings
• Many cities have historical monuments, buildings and heritage
sites which need to be properly maintained and protected
• A common threat affecting the majority of such buildings
and sites is the effect of weather and external agents which
spoil the exteriors and weaken the structure over a period
of time
The parts of a building prone to impact of external agents can
be identified and a database of the building's structural
Integrity can be maintained using IoT
Data is collected from sensors placed in various parts of the
building. The nature of data comprises of inputs obtained from sensors recording the
vibrations and minute deformations occurring in the building's walls and support structure
due to stress, the intensity of atmospheric agents, temperature and humidity levels

8. Waste Management
• Almost all cities face waste disposal and management issues
• The factors to consider are the cost involved in keeping the city clean and storing
the waste until it is processed and disposed off
• Truck fleet has to check each and every garbage can to prevent them from over
spilling the garbage onto the pavements
The data collected can help to manage the truck
fleet in a more cost saving manner and provide more
frequent services in areas where garbage needs to be
collected several times a day e.g. bus stops and airport
terminals, malls, eateries etc.
IoT proposes intelligent waste containers which detect the nature and levels of garbage and
send notifications to the city waste management department. It is identified which area
needs waste management services the most, at what
times, and how frequently

9. Air Quality
• Crowded places often cause people to have
headaches or experience shortness of breath –
especially if they're having a health issue
• Clean air is a necessity for sustaining healthy life
• It's required not just by humans to maintain
good health but also for the entire environment
The European Union has adopted a Renewable Energy Directive according to which
greenhouse gas emissions have to be reduced by 20 per cent in the next decade
• Using IoT it is possible to inform people about the quality of air in crowded areas, parks
or fitness trails so they can decide for themselves and plan their visits accordingly
• Joggers can choose less crowded city parks while the elderly can select less crowded park
areas for their morning walk where they can get a breath of fresh air

10. Noise Monitoring
• Loud noises can be considered as
"pollutants" since they can affect
people's concentration levels or make
us irritable
• Even though civic authorities try to
enforce law to reduce noise pollution
levels it's impossible to ascertain
whether everyone is keeping their
TV or home stereo volumes low or
there's a noisy party going on in the
neighbourhood
Noise monitoring systems using IoT devices installed in various parts of the city can
automatically inform the law enforcement agencies if the noise levels increase beyond
certain decibels and appropriate actions can be easily taken at the correct time to
preserve public sentiments

11. Traffic Congestion
• As per a study by Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI) and INRIX American
drivers wasted over 6.9 billion hours stuck in traffic which costs more than $124
billion each year
• The average commuter guzzles an extra 19 gallons of gas while stuck in traffic jams
which comes to over 3 billion gallons of fuel wasted annually
Data collected from IoT powered devices located along roads which lead to traffic jams
can provide much detailed and useful insights using
which traffic monitoring systems can be rescheduled
to control the influx of vehicles during peak hours in
a much better manner
Data obtained by setting up traffic sensing devices
on inner roads that lead to freeways or expressways
can be used to divert traffic to other less congested
routes, thus decreasing the density of traffic on
main roads

12. Energy Consumption
• The most common sources of energy consumption in a
city are public lighting, traffic lights, monitoring
cameras, heating/cooling of public buildings and so
on
• A lot of energy can be saved if public lights are
automatically dimmed or shut off in areas devoid of
human presence during night time
IoT devices can sense if a particular area is isolated, and if such is the case, power
can be automatically saved by sending notification to the public lighting control
centre and reducing or temporarily shutting off power in that area or vicinity
Moreover the insights availed regarding power usage in different parts of the city over
the months can also help the city energy board to better utilize and manage electricity

13. Smart Parking
The IoT enabled smart parking system comprising of road sensors and intelligent dis
plays. It can direct motorists to use the nearest vacant spot while parking their cars in
the city
• As you have to spend less time locating a
parking slot, fewer CO emissions emit from
your car
• Also there's less traffic congestion along
the way
Such a smart parking service can also be integrated using short-range communication
technologies such as Radio Frequency Identifiers (RFID) or Near Field Communication (NFC).
The law enforcement department can maintain an electronic verification system of parking p
ermits in slots specially reserved for residents or disabled people, thus providing better
services to citizens

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