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Housing in China
- 1. HOUSING IN CHINA How popular housing is reflected in China HOUSING IN CHINA –Substandard Housing –China’s Urbanization –Results of Policies China Daily/Routers, Nov. 2014
- 2. Three Points • Rapid urbanization is occurring,especially in developing countries, but overurbanization creates issues • Limits opportunities and freedoms • China is heavily betting on urbanization’s promises of modernization and economic success • Some practices are unsustainable and do not point to a promising future for all • Housing development policies and construction must consider human rights and environmental/ personal health effects • Slums and unsustainable growth are bad for health,economics, and the dignity of some people.
- 3. World Urbanization Prospects report, UN, 2014 Rural to urban migration is a trend all over the world • Urban dwellers have more freedoms and opportunities, like better access to healthcare or other public services Urbanization • How should cities accommodate more people?
- 4. Urbanization and Housing Issues Rapid urbanization in LDCs leads to Overurbanization -more people than city has space and services for Typically, overurbanization is reflected in sub-standard housing: • Popular Housing- dwelled in by most, illegal, un-owned, and not private or public housing • Slums- legal, permanent, structures in decline • Squatter Settlements- illegal improvements, bad land Most of these places have a lack of services like water, sewer, electricity, and public transportation. Life expectancy is lower.
- 6. World Urbanization Prospects report, UN, 2014
- 8. Urbanization and Housing in China • Urbanization is a policy and goal that is pushed by the Chinese government • Moving is encouraged by incentives, but many times farmers are left with no option but to move off the land • Most are moved into tall, dense apartment complexes What happens (economically) if more people move to the city? • More domestic demand and economic growth (hopefully)
- 9. Justin Jin,The New YorkTimes, 2013 The New YorkTimes, 2014
- 11. Steve Engel, Bloomberg, 2014 Ghost Cities/ Neighborhoods • The result of building with the expectation of people to move in • New developments severely affected by China’s recent economic slowdown • Many developments are for former rural residents
- 12. Visible Migrant Enclaves UrbanVillages • Villages inside cities or on urban outskirts • 10 years ago,2/3 of migrants lived in housing built by villagers • Household registration system (hukou) prevents migrant workers from finding decent affordable housing • Also prevents them from getting subsidized housing, health services,and education • Tendency of migrant workers (save, remain out of sight) • Most affordable housing demands go unmet
- 13. Urban Tour by Car, n.d.
- 14. Invisible Migrant Enclaves Basement and CAD living spaces • 5.6% of migrant workers lived in basements • Officially, about 180,000 registered underground tenants in Beijing • Not all basement living is permitted • Hukou reform aims to “officially” address these issues
- 15. Huang & Yi, UrbanStudies,2015
- 16. The New YorkTimes, 2012
- 17. Chinese Suburbs • China must be careful about how it emulates the United States in the area of suburban expansion • If they followed the model in the United States, which has 250 million vehicles for 316 million people, China would have one billion vehicles for 1.3 billion people (Sachs 2015, p. 374)
- 18. Three Points • Rapid urbanization is occurring,especially in developing countries, but overurbanization creates issues • Limits opportunities and freedoms • China is heavily betting on urbanization’s promises of modernization and economic success • Some practices are unsustainable and do not point to a promising future for all • Housing development policies and construction must consider human rights and environmental/ personal health effects • Slums and unsustainable growth are bad for health,economics, and the dignity of some people.