AHOUSNG report on "Housing for Developing Countries". (National University - College of Architecture, 2017)

1. Philippine Planning Journal
Vol II, No. 2

2. WALT WHITMAN ROSTOW
American Economist And Political Theorist
“…developing countries are in transition
from traditional lifestyles towards the
modern lifestyle which began in
the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th
centuries.”

3. Developing economies according to the IMF
Developing economies out of scope of the IMF
Graduated to developed economy
Newly industrialized countries
IMF – International Monetary Fund
(As of 2014)
Countries on the boundary
between developed and
developing are often
categorized under the term
newly industrialized countries.

4. INTRODUCTION

5. MANILA
1966
– 30,200 hectares covered
• 1,000 hectares developed per
year

6. 1. HOUSING
SQUATTERS
1966 - 1.1 squatters and slum dwellers
15% per year (3x the rate of national population)
SUBDIVISION
1960 - 20 hectares (200-300 lots)
e.g.: Project 4 in Quezon City
Mid-income development 150-300 sq. m
PhilAm Life
Middle to High income (80-110 person/ hectare)

7. 2. COMMERCIAL
1960
- 42,000 small general merchandise
• No waste water value.

8. 3. TRANSPORTATION
RAILWAY
18-20 transportation are scheduled daily at North Luzon and South.
• Abandoned lines are covered by squatters.
MOTOR VEHICLES
1960 - 100,000 registered motor vehicles
1965 - 143,000 motor vehicles

9. 4. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
AFTER WORLD WAR 2
U.S. Army Jeep
– Converted “Jeepney”
8 to 10 passengers

10. NORTH MANILA BASIN
1. TONDO AREA
• Covered by commercial , residential, containing families during Spanish era.
• Largest slum and squatter area
• 1966 - Half of the 278 hectare reclaimed area had been occupied by squatters
• 1980 - they dampen the population
2. SAMPALOC AREA
• 1960 - all area had been developed into residential
• Student population is high and apartments are developed.
3. SANTACRUZ
• Includes office buildings and mixed residential-commercial.

11. NORTH MANILA BASIN (cont.)
4. SAN NICOLAS
• Heavy and light industry
• Dense residential population
5. QUIAPO SUB-AREA
• Commercial activity and light industry (furnitures, dress-making, auto repairs, etc.)
6. BINONDO
• Zone for commercial and light industry

12. SOUTH MANILA BASIN
1. INTRAMUROS
• 1945 – R.A. 1818: Commercial, residential and educational district
• 40 hectares became high-rise office buildings
• 30 hectares became shools
• 90 hectares became vacant as of 1969
2. PORT AREA
• Reclaimed until 1910
• 40 hectares became warehouses
3. ERMITA
• Apartments and hotels (institutional and government offices moved to QUEZON CITY)

13. SOUTH MANILA BASIN (cont.)
4. BOUNDED AREAS OF HERRAN, GEN. LUNA, TAFT AVENUE
• Residential may gradually replace into hospitals, schools and shops
5. PANDACAN
• North- Industrialized areas
• South- Market, church and school
6. STA. ANA
• Crowded by squatters
• 4,500 persons per 3 hectares
• PUNTA - Expect public housing 1980 vertical expansion

14. SOUTH MANILA BASIN (cont.)
7. MALATE
• 2 to 3-storey residential dwellings
8. PACO
• NORTHEAST- Industries
• NORTHWEST- Schools and colleges
• CENTER - Commercial areas
• SOUTH - Residential areas

15. SOUTH MANILA BASIN (cont.)
PASAY CITY
• CENTER - High quality homes
• WEST- Embassies and hotels
• ROXAS BOULEVARD - Entertainment buildings
MAKATI
• Retail and commerce district
• Multi-storey office buildings
• Most modern integrated planned community
FORT BONIFACIO
• Memorial military cemeteries
• Serves as the housing development but was not developed
• 1970-1980 - seems certain the land will be developed
• Non-military character

16. POPULATION
NATIONAL
3.5% per year but the study area growing rapidly more than the nation as a whole
MANILA METROPOLITAN AREA
7.5% increase in population between 1903-1960
MANILA CITY
• Attracts migrants from the rural countryside
• 1910 to 1950 - most rapid growth

17. HOUSING FOR DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES

18. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PROBLEM
• Inhabitants living on land with no titles
• Exerting little effort to invest time, money or energy in improving their surroundings
• “A CITY-BOUND FLOOD OF MIGRANTS”
• Adoption of cultural and technological solutions borrowed from more
developed countries
• Acquiring WESTERN-ORIENTED TECHNOLOGY (but with limited resources,
therefore items must be imported which cost a lot of money)
• Begun to abandon indigenous cultures and skills (generally ineffective in the attempt to
create a Western-Oriented Technology)

19. ACQUIRING
THE
NEW
REFUSING TO
DISCARD THE
OLD
“OLD HABITS DIE HARD”, AND VILLAGE SOCIAL PATTERNS, SENSE OF KINSHIP AND
NATIVE SKILLS IN HANDLING MATERIALS PERSIST.

20. MANILA
Overcrowded, deteriorated, unsanitary,
absence of facilities etc.
50,427 FAMILIES (12% OF
POPULATION)
Living under conditions, which,
measured by the living standards
of Europe and North America,
DEEMED AT BEST TO BE SUB-
STANDARD AND AT WORST TO
BE IN HUMAN.

21. A study has been conducted by the government regarding the relocation of squatters outside the city to the
countryside. A few years later, they moved again in the city due to the TRANSPORTATION,
COMMUNICATION, AND EMPLOYMENT NEEDS.

22. SQUATTERS
Are migrants from rural areas,
overcrowding, lack of food, slums
SQUATTERS’ POINT OF VIEW:
Transportation and communication
problems acts as a barrier to
improving his situation.
(Source of livelihood – usually within
the city)

23. “Typical slum in Metro Manila. Urban slum dwellers are confronted by physical, economic, social, and
environmental risks on a day-to-day basis.”

24. (a)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(b)
AN ECONOMICALAND EFFECTIVE MECHANICAL CORE

25. (a) OVERHEAD WATER STORAGE TANK – to provide water pressure as well
as on-site water storage
(b) WASTE DISPOSAL TANK – replaces the pit toilet
(c) SOLAR HEATING UNIT – utilizes the heat of the sun to warm water for
bathing and washing
(d) SHOWER NOZZLE AND VALVE – can be connected to water storage tank
or the solar heater or both
(e) ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT BREAKER AND OUTLET BOX

26. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
• Must seek solutions to their housing and planning problems.
• Introduce alternative future solutions gradually:
1. Providing sanitary solutions in the housing communities.
2. Strengthening the transportation and communication links connecting cities

28. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (cont.)
SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM MUST INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
• Pure drinking water and storage
• Waste disposal
• Fuel for cooking
• Ablutionary facilities
• Provision for electrical power
• Low cost

29. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (cont.)
FEASIBLE PATH CREATING SQUATTERS HOMES
• Lightweight and flexible core
• House the activities of ablution, waste disposal and food preparation
• Independent energy or “plug-in”
• Have wheels for transportation

30. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (cont.)
FUTURE SQUATTERS
• Moving one place to another place
• A permit to “camp” in order to avoid overcrowding

31. - END -
GROUP 2
ARC 131 – HOUSING
Ar. Guittap