The document discusses common household pests such as cockroaches, ants, termites, bed bugs, rodents, flies and their characteristics. It provides details on the health risks and property damage caused by these pests and emphasizes the importance of effective pest control. Some methods discussed include sanitation, sealing entry points, traps, baits and professional pest control. Mothballs are also mentioned as a pest deterrent but require cautious use. The conclusion stresses understanding pest biology to implement pest prevention and management practices.

1. Submitted by:
Name: Sadaf Shaheen
Roll no. 61(evening)
Semester: 7th
Subject: Entomology
Topic: Household pests
Submitted to:
Dr.Ayesha Ahitesham

2. Household Pests
Introduction
Household pests pose significant challenges to homeowners, impacting health, property, and
quality of life. This assignment aims to provide a detailed overview of common household pests,
their characteristics, associated risks, and effective management strategies.
Household pests :
Household pests can include a wide range of organisms such as insects, rodents, and even small
animals that invade homes and cause damage or health hazards. Here are some common
household pests
 Cockroaches
 Ants
 Termites
 Bed bugs
 Rodents (rats and mice)
 Flies
 Mosquitoes
 Spiders
 Silverfish
 Carpet beetles
 Fleas
 Moths (especially clothes moths)
 Wasps and hornets
 Centipedes and millipedes
 Earwigs
1. Cockroaches
Cockroaches are resilient insects that thrive in warm environments.
Common species include German cockroaches, American cockroaches, and Oriental
cockroaches.

3. They are nocturnal and feed on a wide range of organic matter, including food scraps, grease,
and garbage.
Cockroach infestations can lead to allergic reactions, asthma, and the transmission of
pathogens such as Salmonella and E. coli.
Control measures include sanitation, sealing entry points, and the use of insecticidal baits and
sprays.
2. Ants
Ants are social insects that form colonies, with species such as Argentine ants, carpenter ants,
and fire ants being common household pests.
They are attracted to food sources and can contaminate stored food items.
Ant infestations can also cause structural damage, particularly in the case of carpenter ants.
Control methods include eliminating food sources, sealing entry points, and using ant baits and
barriers.

4. 3. Termites
Termites are destructive pests that feed on wood and cellulose materials.
They cause extensive damage to structures and furniture.
Subterranean, drywood, and dampwood termites are the most common species found in
homes.
Signs of termite infestation include mud tubes, discarded wings, and hollow-sounding wood.
Termite control typically involves the application of termiticides, installation of bait stations,
and regular inspections by pest professionals.
4. Bed Bugs

5. Bed bugs are small, reddish-brown insects that feed on blood, primarily at night.
They hide in cracks and crevices near sleeping areas and can infest mattresses, furniture, and
luggage.
Bed bug bites can cause allergic reactions and psychological distress.
Treatment options include vacuuming, steam cleaning, and the application of insecticides.
Prevention strategies include regular inspection of bedding and avoiding secondhand furniture.
5. Rodents (Rats and Mice)
Rodents such as rats and mice are prolific breeders .
They can transmit diseases through their droppings, urine, and saliva.

6. They cause damage to property by gnawing on wires, insulation, and stored items.
Rodent control measures include sealing entry points, setting traps, and maintaining
cleanliness to eliminate food and shelter sources.
6. Flies
Flies are common household pests that are attracted to decaying organic matter and food
residues.
They can transmit diseases such as salmonellosis and cholera through contaminated food.
Control methods include proper waste management, screening windows and doors, and using
insecticide sprays or baits.

7. 7. Mosquitoes
Mosquitoes are vectors for diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus.
They breed in stagnant water and are most active during dawn and dusk.
Mosquito control involves eliminating breeding sites, using larvicides in standing water, and
using mosquito nets and repellents to prevent bites.
8. Spiders
Spiders are beneficial predators that help control insect populations, but certain species can
become household pests.
Venomous spiders such as black widows and brown recluses pose a health risk through their
bites.

8. Control measures include removing clutter, sealing entry points, and using insecticides
sparingly.
9. Silverfish
Silverfish are small, wingless insects that feed on carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose.
They are commonly found in bathrooms, kitchens, and basements.
While they do not pose significant health risks, they can damage paper goods, fabrics, and
stored foods.
Control methods include reducing humidity levels, sealing cracks, and using insecticidal dusts or
traps.
10. Carpet Beetles

9. Carpet beetles feed on natural fibers such as wool, silk, and fur, causing damage to carpets,
clothing, and upholstery.
Common species include black carpet beetles and varied carpet beetles.
Control measures include regular vacuuming, dry cleaning infested items, and using insecticides
or pheromone traps.
11. Fleas
Fleas are blood-feeding parasites that infest pets and can bite humans.
They can transmit diseases such as typhus and tapeworm infections.
Control involves treating infested pets with flea shampoos or medications, washing bedding
and vacuuming carpets frequently, and applying insecticides to pet resting areas.
12. Moths (especially Clothes Moths)

10. Clothes moths feed on natural fibers such as wool, silk, and fur, causing damage to clothing,
rugs, and upholstered furniture.
Control measures include thorough cleaning, storing clothing in airtight containers, and using
pheromone traps to monitor and reduce moth populations.
13. Wasps and Hornets
Wasps and hornets are stinging insects that can build nests in and around homes.
They can pose a threat to humans, particularly those allergic to their venom.

11. Control methods include removing nests, using traps, and sealing entry points to prevent
nesting.
14. Centipedes and Millipedes
Centipedes and millipedes are arthropods that feed on organic matter and thrive in damp
environments.
While they are not harmful to humans, their presence indoors can be unsettling.
Control measures include reducing moisture levels, sealing cracks, and using insecticides as a
last resort.
Here are some ways to get rid of common household pests:
1. Ants: Ants are attracted to sweet and sugary foods, so make sure to keep your kitchen
counters clean and free of any food residues. You can also use baits or traps to lure them away
from your home.
2. Cockroaches: Cockroaches are known for their resilience and can survive in almost any
condition. Keep your home clean and free of clutter to discourage them from nesting. You can
also use insecticides or baits to control their population.

12. 3. Mice: Mice can enter your home through small cracks and gaps, so make sure to seal any
potential entry points. You can also use traps or poison to get rid of them.
4. Bed bugs: Bed bugs are notoriously difficult to get rid of and can cause a lot of discomfort.
Wash your bedding and clothes in hot water and vacuum your mattress regularly to prevent
them from multiplying. You can also use insecticides or hire a professional exterminator.
Dealing with an infestation can be a time-consuming process, but it's worth it to have a pest-
free home. Remember to take preventative measures to keep pests from entering your home in
the first place. By taking these steps, you can ensure that your home is a safe and comfortable
place to live.
Exploring the Troublesome World of Household Pests
Household pests are an unfortunate reality that many of us have to deal with at some point in
our lives. Whether it's pesky ants invading our kitchen, spiders lurking in the corners of our
homes, or the dreaded bedbugs making their presence felt, these tiny creatures can cause a lot
of trouble. Not only are they a nuisance, but they can also pose health risks and cause damage
to our property. In this section, we will delve into the troublesome world of household pests,
examining their habits, the problems they can cause, and the importance of effective pest
control.
1. Understanding the Habits and Behavior of Household Pests:
To effectively deal with household pests, it is crucial to understand their habits and behavior.
Each pest has its own unique characteristics and preferences, which influence their choice of
habitat and food sources. For instance, ants are attracted to sugary substances and can form
extensive colonies, while cockroaches thrive in warm and damp environments. By
understanding these habits, we can identify potential areas of infestation and take necessary
preventive measures.

13. 2. Health Risks Associated with Household Pests:
Household pests not only disrupt our daily lives but can also pose significant health risks. Some
pests, like mosquitoes and ticks, are known carriers of diseases such as malaria, dengue fever,
and Lyme disease. Additionally, cockroaches and rodents can trigger allergies and asthma
attacks, especially in individuals with respiratory conditions. It is essential to keep our homes
free from pests to ensure the well-being of our families.
3. Damage Caused by Household Pests:
Apart from the health risks, household pests can also cause damage to our property. Termites,
for example, are notorious for their ability to silently devour wooden structures, leading to
costly repairs. Bedbugs can infest our mattresses and furniture, causing discomfort and
sleepless nights. Even smaller pests like silverfish and booklice can damage books, clothing, and
other organic materials. Regular pest control measures can help prevent such damage and save
us from unnecessary expenses.
4. The Importance of Effective Pest Control:
Given the troubles caused by household pests, it is crucial to implement effective pest control
measures. While there are various DIY methods and products available, it is often advisable to
seek professional help to ensure long-term pest eradication. Professional pest control services
have the knowledge, experience, and access to effective treatments that can target pests at
their source. They can also provide valuable advice on preventive measures to minimize the risk
of future infestations.
5. The Role of Mothballing as an Effective Pest Deterrent:

14. One popular method for pest deterrence is the use of mothballs. Traditionally used to protect
stored clothing from moth damage, mothballs contain chemicals such as naphthalene or
paradichlorobenzene that emit a strong odor. While mothballs are effective in repelling certain
pests, it is important to use them cautiously and in appropriate quantities. Improper use can
lead to health risks, especially when used in enclosed spaces without proper ventilation. It is
always recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and consider
safer alternatives if possible.
The troublesome world of household pests can cause a significant amount of distress and
inconvenience. Understanding their habits, recognizing the health risks they pose, and
acknowledging the potential damage they can cause is crucial in implementing effective pest
control measures. While mothballs can be utilized as a pest deterrent, it is important to
exercise caution and consider professional assistance to ensure a pest-free and safe living
environment.
Conclusion
Household pests present significant challenges to homeowners, requiring proactive measures
to prevent infestations and effective strategies to control existing problems. By understanding
the biology, behavior, and vulnerabilities of common household pests, individuals can
implement integrated pest management practices to protect their homes and families.
Reference:
https://fastercapital.com/topics/common-household-pests-and-how-to-identify-them.html
http://extension.msstate.edu/publications/control-household-insect-pests