Materi tentang pengendalian hama. Dapat digunakan oleh kesehatan, mahasiswa, maupun praktisi

1. PEST CONTROL
• Pest control is a programmed of eradicating pests.
Pests are removed through pesticides .a pesticide is
called a chemical used to control or eliminate pests.
Insects are probably the larger pests .many insects
transmit diseases such as malaria and typhus .some
insects destroy or cause heavy damage to valuable
vegetation. Manufacturers use various chemicals in
making pesticides.
• Pest is an insect which affect human being, animal &
food supply & also property. Pest can be divided into
three groups:

2. • Those bites and infects the blood which cause
disease. Example: mosquito, bedbug, flies etc.
• Those that contaminated the food which
pollute the food stuff such as flies, cockroach,
spider, ants etc.
• Those that destroy the property. For an
example: moths, wood beetle, carpet beetles.

3. Pest control goals
• Prevention: Keeping a pest from becoming a
problem
• Suppression: Reducing pest numbers or
damage to an acceptable level.
• Eradication: Destroying an entire pest
population

4. COMMON PESTS AND THEIR
CONTROL MEASURES
• BED BUGS: these are tiny parasitic creatures
that feed on the blood of human and other
animals. They are more of a nuisance than a
danger, although they can cause severe
irritation in some people, leading to loss of
sleep and lack of energy particularly in
children they hide in the crevices of beds,
furniture, upholstery, wallpaper and skirting
boards, emerging when hungry.

5. Bed bug

6. Control measures:
• pouring boiling water into crevices is a
temporary solution to get rid of bed bug. a
thick application of kerosene of emulsion is
also effective against bed bugs.

7. BEETLES:
• BISCUIT BITTLES: these are brown with dense
layer of yellow hairs on their body. The pests
that attack cereal products and have even
been known to infest poisonous substances
such as strychnine.

8. Biscuit beetle

9. CARPET BEETLES:
• These are the beetles that will attack furs,
carpets and all kinds of woolen textiles. They
flourish in situations when they remain
undisturbed-e.g. beneath carpets, around
skirting boards and in wardrobes.

10. Carpet beetle

11. Control measures:
• frequent vacuum-cleaning of fluff and dust is
essential for control of these pests. In case of
an infestation, insecticide powders may be
sprayed in the affected areas.

12. FURNITURE BEETLES:
• This beetle makes its home in crevices and
cracks of furniture made of unpolished wood.

13. Furniture Beetle

15. COCKROACHES:
• these are several pieces of nocturnal insect that
spend most of the day hiding in cracks around
drains or in other dark secluded crevices. Two
common species of the cockroach are the
German and the Oriental.
• Cockroaches carry food- poisoning bacteria in
their bodies and are responsible for the spread of
dysentery and gastroenteritis. They will feed on
almost anything, from fecal matter to food for
human consumption.

16. cockroaches

17. Control measures:
• cockroaches are the most difficult pests to
eradicate .Proprietary cockroach – killer
preparations may be used in the infested
areas. However, pest-control experts need to
be called if the infestation persists.

18. FLEAS:
• This are common nuisance. Even a vacant
house can have a flea problem. They are
usually laid in a host's bedding, hatching at
room temperature in about 10 days.

19. Fleas

20. Control measures:
• on finding an infestation, the property should
be sprayed with an insecticide that will kill
adult fleas, their eggs, larvae and pupae. Pest-
control expert should be called in to help with
the problem.

21. MOTHS:
• An insect resembling a butterfly, generally
differing in having a duller color and differently
shaped antennae, and in being active at night.
• some of the moths species attack stores food
products and are often found in houses, hotel
kitchens , bakeries, grain stores and warehouses-
anywhere that food is stored, especially dried
foodstuffs such as grains , cereals, flours, nuts an
so on..

22. moths

23. CLOTHES MOTHS
• clothes moths in general are nocturnal insects
and, although males and spent females
sometimes come into the light, they are more
likely to scuttle for cover that to fly into the
open when disturbed.

24. Clothes moths

25. Control measures:
• cloth moth damage can be minimized by
treating fabrics by mothproof finish. Spray
may be applied to carpets. Especially along
and beneath the edges adjacent to skirting
underneath furniture, and other likely areas of
infestation where prolonged contact with
humans or pet animals is unlikely –clothing
and bedding should not be sprayed with
insecticides

26. ANTS
• these insects generally invade in large
numbers when they come in search of food,
especially sweet substances.

27. Ants

28. Control measures:
• they can be destroyed by placing
tablespoonfuls of carbon disulphide at the
entrance.

29. FLIES
• these filthy are dangerous to health as the
contaminate food, causing diseases such as
typhoid, dysentery and so on. They carry the
disease germs on their legs and in their saliva.
These are transferred to food on which they
sit.

30. Flies

31. Control measures:
• to eradicate flies, the first essential step is to
destroy all possible breeding grounds early in
the year before egg-laying begins. All garbage
should be burnt. All dustbins should be
covered. And a good standard of cleanliness
for the surrounding should be maintained.
Aerosol fly-killer sprays are also effective.

32. MOSQUITOES:
• these transmit diseases such as malaria, and
yellow fever. As life cycle of mosquitoes begins
in water, do not allow water to stagnate in and
around the property. The pits should not be
open.

33. Control measures
• Covers drains and pour kerosene oil onto
these to prevent larvae from thriving there
and growing into adult mosquitoes. Fine gauze
on windows prevents the entry of mosquitoes.

34. MICE AND RATS:
• rats and mice both carry disease germs and
may cause food poisoning, infection, jaundice
and so. mice and can contaminate food stuffs ,
work tops and utensils with their urine,
droppings and fur and are responsible for
spread of many diseases , some of which can
be fatal to humans.

36. Control measures:
• the most effective methods of controlling
these pests are poisoning, trapping,
fumigating to eliminate their food supply and
shelter and rat- proofing buildings. Proprietary
poisons are available to destroy rats and mice
as well.

37. FUNGI:
• some fungi in the form of wet or dry rot can
cause considerable structural damage to a
property.

39. WET ROT
• it is more likely to be found in kitchens,
bathrooms and roofs. Outsides, it attacks
window frames and sills, doors and door
frames where water has penetrated the
paintwork.

40. Wet rot

41. • Control measures: it is best to call pest-
control firms to deal with wet rot .timber can
be treated with water-repellent preservations
to prevent wet rot.