House of Representatives vs. The Senate
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The document provides an overview of the key differences between the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House represents the people and has 435 members elected every 2 years, while the Senate represents states with 100 members elected every 6 years. Powers unique to the House include initiating revenue bills and impeachment, while the Senate's unique powers are advice and consent on treaties and presidential appointments, and trying impeachment cases. Legislative procedures also differ, with the House having more centralized leadership and the Senate protecting minority views.
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Differences from the U.S. Congress
Equal Bicameral
• Lower house is the Assembly
• 80 members elected every 2 years
• Each district has about 450,000 constituents (700,000 for the U.S. House of
Representatives)
• Upper house is the Senate
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Leadership
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• Became more influential under old term limits rules because Senators could
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Other features
• Governor may use the line item veto for an appropriations bill
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• State legislature is not involved in judicial appointments
• No filibuster
• Initiative process means that legislature doesn’t have a monopoly on
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• Seniority plays a much smaller role
Problems
• Term limits
• Never develop sufficient expertise
• Especially a problem for leadership
• Less willing to compromise because they don’t have a long working
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• Has contributed to a rise in minority representation
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The bright side
• Term limits have contributed to a rise in minority representation
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• 2/3 requirement for passing state budget removed in 2010
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legislature
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Federalism
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Confederal Government
States act together through a central
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Confederal Government
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Unitary Government
The central government has ultimate
authority and may create (and
eliminate) state governments for its
own purposes (53)
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Unitary Government
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Federal Government
Ultimate authority is divided between a
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House of Representatives vs. The Senate
- 1. HOUSE VERSUS THE SENATE A Q U I C K O V E R V I E W
- 2. CONGRESS •Congress is the general term we often use for the Legislative Branch. Congress consists of the House of Representatives AND the Senate.
- 3. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE PEOPLE’S CHAMBER
- 4. FAC T S A B O U T T H E H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N TAT I V E S Must be 25 years of age Must be citizen of the United States for 7+ Years Elected by Congressional Districts Meant to ebb and flow with the will of the people Meant to be closest to the people 435 members Reelected every 2 years More hierarchically organized (more centralized, more formal, stronger leadership) Power distributed less evenly Members are highly specialized Emphasizes tax and revenue policy More committees and subcommittees
- 5. POWERS EXCLUSIVE TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES • Initiates all revenue bills (Art. I, sec. 7) All budget bills and tax reform bills must start in the House. • Initiates (and passes or defeats) articles of impeachment (Art. I, sec. 2) Power to vote to impeach the president.
- 6. LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE IN THE HOUSE OR REPRESENTATIVES • Bills introduced into "the hopper" and referred to committee by the Speaker • Speaker may create ad hoc committees • Committee action more influential than floor action for final decision • Scheduling generally controlled by majority party leadership and Rules Committee • Rigid floor debate rules favor majority (debate limits set by Rules Committee)
- 7. SENATE
- 8. FAC T S A B O U T T H E S E N AT E Must be 30 years of age Must be citizen of the United States for 9+ Years Elected by State Meant to be a stabilizing body 100 Members, Two per state Reelected every 6 years Less hierarchically organized (less centralized, less formal, weaker leadership) Power distributed more evenly Members are generalists Emphasizes foreign policy Fewer committees and subcommittees
- 9. POWERS EXCLUSIVE TO THE SENATE • Gives "advice and consent" to treaties (Art. II, sec. 2) and to major presidential appointments (Art. II, sec. 2) Approves treaties and presidential appointments • Tries impeached officials (Art. I, sec. 3) Tries and removes from office those whom the House of Representatives votes to impeach
- 10. LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE IN THE SENATE • Bills introduced (may be introduced directly on the floor) and normally referred to committee by majority leader • No ad hoc committees may be created • Floor action as important as committee action for final decision • Scheduling generally mutually agreed by majority and minority leaders • Flexible floor debate rules protect minority (debate limits rare, set by full Senate via unanimous consent or cloture) • Filibuster to block legislation
- 11. SHARED POWERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND THE SENATE • Article 1 Sect. 8 • Declare War (not the president) • Coin money • Raise and army and navy • Regulate commerce • Establish rules of immigration and naturalization • Establish federal courts and their jurisdictions