HOTSPOT.pptx
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The Hawaiian Islands were formed by hot spot volcanic activities under the Pacific Plate. Mantle plumes rise from the Earth's mantle, forming hot spots on the surface. As the plate moves over the hot spot, a chain of volcanoes is created. The newest volcanoes are above the hot spot and are the most active. Kilauea and Mauna Loa are the most active volcanoes in Hawaii today, having last erupted in 1984 and 2018 respectively. The Hawaiian Islands demonstrate how hot spots can form new land in the middle of tectonic plates.
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Hawaii
The document describes volcanoes and volcanic features found on the island of Hawaii. It discusses the five volcanoes that make up the island, including Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, and Kilauea. Photos show volcanic landscapes like cinder cones, lava flows, steam vents, and active lava lakes within Kilauea caldera. Locations visited include the green sand beach formed from eroded lava and black sand beaches created by rapid lava cooling entering the ocean.
Introduction to volcanoes!
Volcanoes form when magma from beneath the Earth's surface is forced up through openings in the crust called vents. They occur at plate boundaries where tectonic plates are moving together or apart, as well as at hot spots where areas of the mantle are unusually hot and melt rock that rises toward the surface. Common examples of active volcanoes include Kilauea volcano in Hawaii and volcanoes in Iceland, Mexico, Ecuador, Indonesia, and Costa Rica.
Hawaiian islands
The document summarizes key facts about the Hawaiian Islands, including their location in the Pacific Ocean, the eight main islands that make up the state of Hawaii, how they were formed by volcanoes as the Pacific plate moved over a hotspot, and that it took approximately 5 million years for the islands to be created through the slow process of volcanic eruptions depositing new layers of lava over time.
Field assignment Ouellette
The Big Island of Hawaii was formed by volcanic activity from a hot spot under the Pacific tectonic plate over the last 10 million years. The oldest islands formed over 5 million years ago, while the Big Island itself formed around 500,000 years ago. The Big Island contains 5 volcanoes, 3 of which are still active including Kilauea, the most active volcano which has erupted as recently as 2011. Lava rock layers on the Big Island show the island's geological formation over time as lava flows from the volcanoes to the ocean.
Hawaiian Hotspot
The Hawaiian Hotspot is an ongoing volcanic process that started 70 million years ago and has created the Hawaiian Islands as the Pacific Plate moves over a fixed hotspot in the Earth's crust. A hotspot is a small area of unusually high heat flow that sustains volcanic activity even when not located at a plate boundary. As the Pacific Plate moved northwest over the Hawaiian Hotspot, a trail of volcanoes formed the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, with the oldest islands located farthest from the current hotspot under Hawaii. Hawaii itself consists of 143 islands that range from 4 to 0.3 million years old and are still expanding due to ongoing volcanic eruptions from three active volcanoes.
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Everything has beauty, but not everyone can see it.
~ Confucius
Each of us can make a difference. Together we can make change.
~ Barbara Mikulski
Only those who will risk going too far can possibly find out how far one can go.
~ T.S. Eliot
Types of Volcanoes
There are three main types of volcanoes that form from different geological processes:
1) Hotspot volcanoes like those in Hawaii form when magma rises from a hotspot in the mantle as a tectonic plate moves over it. Eruptions are less explosive due to fluid magma.
2) Shield volcanoes form at divergent plate boundaries and from hotspots, with low, wide shapes from fluid basaltic magma.
3) Composite volcanoes form at convergent plate boundaries, where one plate subducts under another. They have steep sides due to more viscous magma and explosive eruptions, producing hazards like pyroclastic flows and lahars.
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Volcanoes form from pressure forces that push magma and gases from deep underground out to the surface. There are two main types of volcanic eruptions - quiet eruptions produce shield volcanoes through fast moving lava flows, while explosive eruptions result in composite volcanoes and cinder cones through thick, slowly moving magma building pressure. Volcanoes usually form at convergent plate boundaries or at hot spots in the Earth's crust.
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The document summarizes key facts about the Hawaiian Islands, including their location in the Pacific Ocean, the eight main islands that make up the state of Hawaii, how they were formed by volcanoes as the Pacific plate moved over a hotspot, and that it took approximately 5 million years for the islands to be created through the slow process of volcanic eruptions depositing new layers of lava over time.
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The Big Island of Hawaii was formed by volcanic activity from a hot spot under the Pacific tectonic plate over the last 10 million years. The oldest islands formed over 5 million years ago, while the Big Island itself formed around 500,000 years ago. The Big Island contains 5 volcanoes, 3 of which are still active including Kilauea, the most active volcano which has erupted as recently as 2011. Lava rock layers on the Big Island show the island's geological formation over time as lava flows from the volcanoes to the ocean.
Hawaiian Hotspot
The Hawaiian Hotspot is an ongoing volcanic process that started 70 million years ago and has created the Hawaiian Islands as the Pacific Plate moves over a fixed hotspot in the Earth's crust. A hotspot is a small area of unusually high heat flow that sustains volcanic activity even when not located at a plate boundary. As the Pacific Plate moved northwest over the Hawaiian Hotspot, a trail of volcanoes formed the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, with the oldest islands located farthest from the current hotspot under Hawaii. Hawaii itself consists of 143 islands that range from 4 to 0.3 million years old and are still expanding due to ongoing volcanic eruptions from three active volcanoes.
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Everything has beauty, but not everyone can see it.
~ Confucius
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~ T.S. Eliot
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There are three main types of volcanoes that form from different geological processes:
1) Hotspot volcanoes like those in Hawaii form when magma rises from a hotspot in the mantle as a tectonic plate moves over it. Eruptions are less explosive due to fluid magma.
2) Shield volcanoes form at divergent plate boundaries and from hotspots, with low, wide shapes from fluid basaltic magma.
3) Composite volcanoes form at convergent plate boundaries, where one plate subducts under another. They have steep sides due to more viscous magma and explosive eruptions, producing hazards like pyroclastic flows and lahars.
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Volcanoes form from pressure forces that push magma and gases from deep underground out to the surface. There are two main types of volcanic eruptions - quiet eruptions produce shield volcanoes through fast moving lava flows, while explosive eruptions result in composite volcanoes and cinder cones through thick, slowly moving magma building pressure. Volcanoes usually form at convergent plate boundaries or at hot spots in the Earth's crust.
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HOTSPOT.pptx
- 1. HOT SPOTS ACTIVITIES Formation of volcanoes in the middle of a plate
- 2. Objectives: ■Determine what hot spot is ■Relate hot spot with plate tectonics ■Recognize the results of hot spot activities.
- 3. The Hawaiian Islands are volcanic origin. Each island is made up of at least one primary volcano. The big Island, for instance is constructed of 5 major volcanoes: Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, and Kohala
- 4. Hawaii is located in the middle of the north Pacific ocean. It is an archipelago with 8 major island, several atolls, numerous islands and seamounts. There are 5 active volcanoes in Hawaii
- 7. Mantle Plumes are tube like areas where heat and molten rocks in the mantle are rising towards the surface. A hot spot is the surface expression of the mantle plume.
- 8. The lithosphere moves slowly over the hot spot resulting to the formation of a chain of volcanoes. The volcano above the hot spot is considered as the newest or youngest and the most active.
- 10. The Hawaiian islands are products of hot spot activities in the middle of the Pacific Plate.
- 11. Hawaii – The Land of Paradise
- 12. Hawaii – The Land of Paradise
- 13. Mount Kilauea – most active volcanoes in the world.
- 14. Mauna Loa– world’s most active volcanoes.
- 15. Mauna Loa last erupted in 1984, and Kilauea ‘s last eruption was from 1983 to 2018. other volcanoes on Hawaii islands include: Mauna Kea, Hualalai, and Kohala.
- 16. Mauna Kea – world’s tallest volcano.
- 17. Mount Hualalai - third youngest shield volcano on Hawaii.
- 18. Kohala Mountain - The Big Island's oldest above-water volcano.
- 21. Seamounts are underwater extinct volcanoes.
- 22. Atoll is a ring shaped reef, island, or chain of island formed of coral. Atoll is a ring of coral formed around an extinct underwater volcano.
Editor's Notes
- The farthest volcano from the hot spot is the oldest and least active or already extinct since it is located far from the concentration of heat.
- Tallest mountain from base to summit but doesn’t get the credit because over half of it submerged below sea level.