In discussions of racial and ethnic diversity and equity, it is difficult to avoid juxtapositions between Asians and other People of Color groups.  Higher test scores, college admissions, income, etc. imply that people of Asian and Pacific Islander heritage are doing better than everyone else, including Whites.  And yet, this identity group contains within it a myriad of sub-groups that get lost in the conglomeration, and we fail to serve students if we don't acknowledge this diversity.  API people experience the marginalization of invisibility - Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Pacific Islander peoples are often invisible in the equation of API with East Asian; API cultures are often invisible in the pedagogy of individual accomplishments and competition; API experiences are often invisible in conversations of racial opportunity gaps.  From the impact of the Model Minority Myth to the Bamboo Ceiling, from the perpetual immigrant narrative to the rise of international API students in our residential programs, from the dance of identities of transracial adoptees to the intersectionality of factors that influence multiracial API identity development, are our schools prepared to be inclusive of all people who identify as Asian and Pacific Islander heritage?

1. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
Seattle Girls’ School
Doing Better Than Everyone Else?
Asians and Pacific Islanders in Our Schools
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

2. About Seattle Girls’ School
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3. What Does Asian Pacific American Mean, Anyway?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

4. An Artificial Construct
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5. An Artificial Construct
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6. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
An Artificial Construct

7. The Story of Asian Pacific America
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8. History of Conflict
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9. Asian Pacific American History
 1763 Filipinos settle Saint Malo
 1778 Chinese sailors land in Hawaii
 1820s Chinese immigration begins in earnest
 1865 The Central Pacific Railroad Co. recruits
Chinese workers for the transcontinental railroad
 1878 Chinese are ruled ineligible for naturalized
citizenship
 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act is passed
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10. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

11. Takao Ozawa vs United States
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12. Asian Pacific American History
 1941 Japan air force attacked Pearl Harbor; FBI arrests
pro-Japanese community leaders
 1941-45 Filipino resistance movement, working closely
with U.S. Army, fights the Japanese invaders
 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive
Order 9066 on February 19, uprooting 100,000 people
of Japanese descent on the west coast to be sent to
Internment camps.
 1943-1945 Japanese Americans volunteer for the US
Army’s 442nd Regimental Combat Team and becomes
the highest decorated military unit in US history
 1946, the Luce–Celler Act of 1946 grants naturalization
opportunities to Filipino Americans and Indian Americans
(which included present-day Pakistanis and Bangladeshis)
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13. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

14. Asian Pacific American History
 1956 Dalip Singh Saund is the first Asian (Sikh) to be elected for
Congress
 1962 Daniel K. Inouye of Hawaiʻi elected for the US Senate
 1965 Patsy T. Mink of Hawaiʻi becomes the first woman of color in
Congress.
 1965 Luck Wing serves four terms as the Mayor of Sledge
Mississippi, population 600
 1968 Term “Asian American” is coined as a part of the Asian
American Movement, a radical movement for social justice (Red
Guard)
 1971, Norman Y. Mineta elected mayor of San Jose, California;
Herbert Choy nominated supreme court justice.
 1974, George R. Ariyoshi elected governor of Hawaiʻi
 1975 More than 130,000 refugees enter the U.S. from Vietnam,
Kampuchea, and Laos as Communist governments are
established there following the end of the Indochina War.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

15. Black Panthers and The Red Guard
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16. Asian Pacific American History
 1976 Samuel Ichiye (S. I.) Hayakawa of California and
Spark Matsunaga of Hawaiʻi elected as US Senators
 1978 Ellison S. Onizuka becomes the first Asian American
astronaut
 1982 Vincent Chin is accused of being a Japanese
(being blamed for loss of jobs) and beaten to death.
 1987 First formal signing of the Proclamation of Asian
Pacific American Heritage Week by the White House
 1988 U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs Civil Liberties
Act of 1988 apologizing for Japanese American
internment and provide reparations of $20,000 to each
victim
 1992 Korean businesses are looted and burned during the
LA Riots
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

17. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

18. Asian Pacific American History
 1992 Eugene Chung is football offensive lineman in the NFL
 1992, Hae Jong Kim elected Bishop of United Methodist Church
 1996 Gary Locke is elected as the first Chinese American governor
 1999 Gen. Eric Shinseki becomes the first Asian American U.S.
military chief of staff
 2000 Norman Y. Mineta becomes the first Asian American appointed
to the U.S. Cabinet
 2002 Yao Ming is the number one draft pick in the 2002 NBA draft
 2003 Ignatius C. Wang becomes a bishop of the Roman Catholic
Church
 2008 Tim Lincecum (half Filipino) a starting pitcher for the San
Francisco Giants, is selected as an All Star for the Major League All
Star Game
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19. Emergent Themes
 The Perpetual Immigrant
 The Worker Not Owner
 Black or White or Neither?
 Weak as a Socio-Political Group
 Ethnically Separated
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

20. Myth of the Model Minority
 Overly Hard Working and Tireless
 Will Work Under Extreme Circumstances
 Quiet and Cooperative
 Serene, Smart, Resilient
 Doesn’t Seek the Limelight
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

21. Legacy of the Myth
 Outsourcing of Cheap Labor
 Orientalism in Health Care
 Tokenism and Minimalization
 Stress of Achievement
 Funneling into STEM Fields
 Where Are You From?
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22. Recent Influx
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23. Recent Influx
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Source: Department of Homeland Security, The Wall Street Journal

24. Recent Emergent Themes
 Highly Educated
 Socioeconomically Well Off
 Not Really People of Color
 Weak as a Socio-Political Group
 Ethnically Separated
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

25. Recent Model Minority Incarnation
 Overly Hard Working and Tireless
 Quiet and Cooperative
 Serene, Smart, Resilient
 Doesn’t Seek the Limelight
 Driven by “Tiger Moms”
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

26. Experiences in Independent Schools
 Names, Names, Names
 Stereotype Lift and Lack of Support
 Assumption of Wealth
 Not Really People of Color
 Demographically People of Color
 Bullying and Harassment
 Tokenized Inclusion
 Dissipated Affinity Groups
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

27. What Kind of API Are Your Students?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
 Southeast Asian
 South Asian
 Pacific Islander
 Multiracial
 Transracially Adopted
 International Student
 3rd Generation or Later
 Recent Immigrant

28. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
Going Forward
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29. Presenter Information
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
6th Faculty and
Professional Outreach
Seattle Girls’ School
2706 S Jackson Street
Seattle WA 98144
(206) 805-6562
rlee@seattlegirlsschool.org
http://tiny.cc/rosettalee
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)