1) Tourism involves traveling for leisure or business purposes for a limited time. It helps preserve culture and boosts economies by creating jobs. 2) The tourism process involves three phases - leaving one's usual environment, experiencing the destination, and returning home. Various factors like purpose, transportation, events, and activities have promoted tourism. 3) E-commerce and online communication are increasingly important for the tourism industry, allowing tourists to easily access information, book travel arrangements, and order services online.

1. HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM
MANAGEMENT
BY-
TRISHTY KHANDELWAL

2. Meaning Of Tourism
• Tourism is travelling for recreational, leisure, family or
business purposes, usually for a ltd duration.Tourism is mainly
associated with trans national level, but may also refer to
travel to another location within the same country.
• It is important to preserve and protect our natural resources ,
culture and traditions and for this tourism is a vital factor.
• Tourism is not only concerned with the movement of people
but also includes various other service providing agencies.The
movement of people is temporary in nature as it goes up to a
maximum of 1 year., but the imapct on allied service industry
is long lasting , which gives a boost to the economy, creating
job opportunities.

3. • Tourism involves a break from the daily routine, offering peace of
mind and cultural changes in the lifestyle.
• The entire tourism process undergoes 3 phases starting from first
phase which involves the movement of the person from his/her
usual environment. Second phase is the destination and its access to
the visitor, where he/she enjoys the tour. Third phase is concerned
with returning from the tour/destination to the usual environment.
• Various factors like purpose of travel, mode of travel, holiday, health
, culture, religion, sports, adventure, fairs and festivals, business etc
have promoted it to an entertaining and joyful activity.

4. • DEFINITION AND CONCEPT
• The word tourism is derived from the word ‘Torah’ which means
study or search or tour.
• In Indian context the sanskrit word Paryatan describes tourism as
leaving one place to travel for the purpose of rest and for gaining
of knowledge.
• Acc to (WTO), tourism is the movement of people away from
normal place of residence and work for a period of not less than
24 hrs to not more than 1 year.

5. • ELEMENTS OF TOURISM
• Pleasing Weather- This plays a vital role in making holiday or
tours a pleasant or unpleasant experience.that is why fine
weather and warm sunshine attracts tourists very much and
tourists enjoy holidays at such destinations
• Scenic Attractions- Sceneries consists of mountains, lakes,
waterfalls, glaciers, waterfalls,forests, desserts etc.Thousands
of tourists are attracted by various tourists desinations like
Himalayan mountain slopes in India etc.
• Historical and Cultural factors- Historical and Cultural
inheritance plays a vital role in influencing the travellers. A
large no. of tourists are attracted towards the historical places
and forts. People visit agra for Taj Mahal, Ajanta Ellora caves
are also famous, Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy etc.

6. • Accessibility- Tourism phenomenon is incomplete
without the proper accessibility to the tourist destinations.All
kinds of transport facilities should be provided . Distance
factor also plays an impt role in determining a tourist choice
of destination. Longer distant places cost much more than
shorter distant places
• Amenities / Facilities- Tourists centres cannot work without
basic amenities.For eg it is very impt to have a swimming ,
boating and surfing facilities at a sea side resort.Basic
amenities are of two types-
• Natural amenities- includes facilities like Beaches, bathing
fishing, climbing, trekking, and viewing.
• Man made amenities-includes dancing, camel safari, cultural
events etc.

7. TOURIST DESTINATIONS , SERVICE & INDUSTRY
• Tourist Destinations
• 1 Natural Interest Areas- Adventure sports- Mountain
trekking areas, snow sporting, water sports, para gliding
areas.
• Mountain & Hills
• Beaches- Sea side resorts, River side resorts
• 2 Wildlife surroundings- Wildlife Sanctuaries, National
Parks.
• 3 Heritage culture areas- Pilgrim Centres, Art Galleries-
• Art galleries- Memorials, Historical Monuments

8. • Natural interest areas- nature has developed a no. of
areas in almost every part of the world attracting people to
enjoy the gift of nature through the phenomena of tourism.
besides hills, resorts, beaches the natural interest areas also
includes paragliding, river rafting, snow sporting, etc.
himalayas in the northern part, arawallis in the west, nilgiris in
south are the beautiful eg for nature tourism.
• Wildlife Tourism Destinations- Biological diversity
has played a vital role in the development of wildlife tourism
in the form of sanctuaries, wet lands, all types of national
parks,and unlimited range of flora and fauna around the
world.India is one of the top wild life tourist
destinations.starting from kashmir valley in the north, to
Periyer and Bandipur national parks in the south, and
Kaziranga national park of Assam to Ranthambore and Gir in
western parts of India.

9. • Heritage culture destination- Tourist across the
world visit India every month to enjoy the Unity and Diversity
of Indian culture. India has got the great diversity in the
culture, customs, and tradition offering tourists the choice of
various locations as per their fondness . havelis, forts, exotic
historical monuments provides eye catchy memory to the
visitors. For eg Taj Mahal, sanchi stupa, Holi, Diwali shows
the depth of Indian culture.

10. Types of Tourists
• A tourist is a person who travels to a country other than his/
her country of origin or moves to a place within the country of
origin but outside his/her normal environment for a minimum
of 24 hrs and not exceeding 1 year.
• 1) Visitor- a visitor is a person visiting another countryor
his/her own country for less than 1 year without any purpose
of work.
 External visitor- who travels to a country other than his/ her
origin country
 Internal visitor-travels in the origin country .

11. • 2) Traveller- A travelller is a person who moves from one
location to other. The examples of theseb travellers includes
diplomats, workers, nomads etc. the time duration of travel in
traveller is no limit.
• 3) Excursionist- an excursionist refers to a temporary visitor
who visits a place for less than 24 hrs. the example of these kinds
of visitors may include a one day excursion tour of school or
college students.

12. TYPES OF TOURISM
• Intra regional tourism- This is the type of tourism in which the tourist
traffic flows to and from countries of the same region of the globe. Intra
regional tourism is an important component of international tourism as the
flow of the tourist goes internationally between two or more nations of the
same region.
• Inter- Regional Tourism- Inter regional tourism refers to the tourism
practice where the flow of tourist goes from one region to another region
internationally. This is also a kind of International tourism as the movement
occurs between two or more different regions of the world.
• Inbound Tourism- this type of tourism refers to the condition where a
tourist is entering into a country. Here, a person is entering into a country
other than the origin country.
• Outbound Tourism- This situation belongs to a tourist who is leaving his/
her country of origin for another country. Here,the person leaves the country
of origin for the country/ destination.

13. • International Tourism-
• This kind of Tourism is the movement of inbound and outbound tourists across the
borders, where tourists are exploring a new tourism environment, entering into a
new country or by leaving their country of origin for experiencing new destinations
.this tourism requires lots of legal formalities like a valid visa , passport ,currency
exchange etc.
• Domestic Tourism
• This type of tourism activity refers to the condition where the tourist of a given
country move within the boundary of his/ her origin country. In this type of tourism
activity borders of nation are not crossed by the travellere. There is no change of
currency , Language, and does not require any formalities like visa, passport and
immigration.
• Alternative Tourism
• This type of tourism can be defined as tourism which allows both guest and host to
enjoy positive and worthwhile interaction through natural, social and community
values.this tourism involves the conservation of environmental and its
sustainability and well being of the local people.the phenomenon of tourism under
this category is totally different .these tourists does not prefer the regular
accommodation, food, transport facilities. It is explored with local friends or people
knowing religious, cultural, social, tourism environment of the area.

14. .• Sustainable Tourism-
• Sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present
generation tourist while protecting and enhancing opportunities
for the future.The objectives of sustainable tourism are-
• The conservation of natural , cultural, and other resources of
tourism for the continuous use in future
• Proper strategies to be formulated to overcome the serious
problems of environmental and socio cultural processes.
• Maintain the overall quality of the tourism area with its
improvisation.
• Tourism benefits to be widely spread among all members of
society.

15. E commerce and online communication in Tourism
• Online communication is continuously increasing day by day despite all the
economic problems of the travellers in this field. The acceptance of e
Commerce in tourism industry has witnessed rapid global change in terms of
accessing tourism products and services. Online transactions is just not
concerned with gathering information, but also helps in ordering and enjoying
various tourism facilities, services and products.
Various online tourism services are as follows-:
• Booking Of travel ticket.
• Booking for accommodation.
• Food and dining facilities ordered online
• Online guide facility
• Booking for various tourist attractions
• Gathering information about people, place, culture, tourist attraction etc.

16. Need of E commerce in tourism industry
• The key to online transactions in tourism industry is its easy and
less time consuming feature which makes it popular and handy for
the tourists in planning and organizing their tour.
• The process like selection of tourist destinations, travel plan,
arranging travel tickets, booking hotels and other accomodations,
enjoying various tourism services are very time consuming if
performed manually, which signify the need of online services by
which one can avail all these services at one touch justifying the
need of e- commerce.

17. Online communication channel
• Online communication channel for promoting tourism in today’s techno savvy
world. Due to rapid growth in tourism and in hospitality industry, the
organisation is needed to be connected with each other in terms of diversifyng
their franchises and operations of the new chains. Some internet
communication channels are the requirement cum necessity of today’s tourism
industry.
• Company website- Providing information about the company and
products offered.
• Product website- these work as sub channels of company website
providing detailed features of the concerned tourism products.
• E- mail- fast and forwarding mode of communication between tourist and
service provider
• Social Networks- Create , manage and grow your social networks . Few
important social networking sites in todays generation are facebook, twitter,
whatsapp, viber etc.

18. • Search engines-
• These are online Searching tools containing almost all sort of
information. The evolution of search engines has brought revolution
in the field of sharing and accessing information.
• Google maps and GPS-:
• These are location finder tools concerned with providing exact
location and directions for various destinations with intermediaries
services