The document presents the Tourist Area Life Cycle (TALC) theory, first proposed by Christaller in 1963, which outlines the stages of tourism development: discovery, growth, and decline. It discusses various perspectives on tourism evolution, including Plog's psychological view and Doxey's local resident attitude changes, leading to Butler's comprehensive TALC model with phases such as exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, decline, and rejuvenation. Additionally, it highlights internal and external factors influencing TALC and suggests applications for studying tourism recovery, such as the impacts of the 2002 Bali bombing and the tsunami in Thailand.

1. PRESENTATION ON
Tourist Area Life Cycle
PRESENTED BY-
Ritambhara singh

2. Tourist Area Life Cycle
 The tourism lifecycle theory was firstly proposed in 1963 by the
German researcher Christaller, who described the development of
tourism through three stages like a common product, namely
“discovery, growth and decline”.
 In1973, Plog argued the evolution of tourism area from the point of
view of tourists’ psychology, which was “allocentric, midcentric,
psychocentric”.
 In 1975, Doxey also brought forward his opinion as “euphoria,
apathy, irritation, antagaonism, destroyed”. His perspective was
from the changes of local residents’ attitude towards tourists.
 In 1980, Butler developed a model which shows how any tourist
resort may grow is known asTourist Area Life Cycle

3. Tourist Area Life Cycle
Exploration
Involvement
Development
Consolidation
Stagnation
Decline
rejuvenation

4. TALC - Phases
 Exploration
 The new tourist product/s is introduced
 A small number of visitors start coming
 Involvement
 Identifiable tourist season begins to emerge
 Visitor numbers start building
 Impacts start to become apparent

5. Phases
 Development
 Public policy and investment is required if
destination is to sustain continuing development
 Consolidation
 Visitor numbers continue to increase
 Tourist services are provided by large national or
international companies
 Local operators still play a role

6. Phases
 Stagnation
 Critical point – decisions have to be made
 Visitor numbers peak
 Visitors attracted by familiarity and extensive
facilities
 Promotion is needed
 Adaptation of products and markets

7. Phases
 Decline or rejuvenation
 Visitor numbers fall
 Move down market
 More promotion to meet capacity
 Decline or rejuvenation?

8. Affecting factors on the TALC
 Internal factors
1) uniqueness of resources and attractions
2) Local residents and their attitudes
3) Quality of tourism resource
itself.
4) Management and service.
 External factors
producers, consumers, and
regulating authorities

9. Applications
 Use this model to study the recovery and its
pattern of life cycle after the bombing in Bali
in 2002 and ,
 The impact to tourism posted by tsunami in
Thailand.

10. Thank you