This document outlines courses for the first two semesters of a Hospital Pharmacy program. Semester I includes courses in modern analytical techniques, pharmacotherapeutics, hospital and community pharmacy, manufacturing pharmacy, and a practical. Semester II includes courses in quality use of medicines, additional pharmacotherapeutics, pharmaceutical formulation and control, pharmacoepidemiology, economics, and another practical. It then provides more detailed descriptions of the objectives and content of courses in analytical techniques, pharmacotherapeutics I, and hospital and community pharmacy.
The Pharmacy & Therapeutic Committee (PTC) is an advisory group composed of at least three physicians, one pharmacist, and one nurse. It serves as a line of communication between medical staff and the pharmacy department. The PTC's primary roles are advisory and educational. It meets regularly to recommend drugs for use in the hospital and develop policies regarding drug safety, utilization review, adverse drug reaction monitoring, and the hospital formulary.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of community pharmacies and hospital pharmacies. Community pharmacies dispense medications, provide counseling to patients, and offer services like monitoring blood pressure and treating minor ailments without a prescription. Hospital pharmacies procure, store, prepare, and dispense medications within hospitals.
hospital formulary is developed under the guidance of pharmacy and therapeutic commitee of the hospital.pharmacist working in a hospital should play an important role in the preparation of the hospital formulary
Patient counseling by pharmacists involves providing patients with information about their medications and conditions to ensure safe and effective use. During counseling, the pharmacist assesses the patient's understanding, provides individualized advice, and aims to improve adherence, health outcomes, and quality of life. The counseling process involves preparing, opening the session, discussing the medication and treatment plan, and closing by checking the patient's understanding. The goal is to educate patients and empower them to better manage their health.
This presentation provides an overview of community pharmacy, including definitions, scopes, roles and responsibilities. It discusses the different levels of healthcare delivery from primary to tertiary care. It also outlines the sectors involved in healthcare delivery such as public, private, and NGOs. Additionally, it examines the role of community pharmacists in addressing issues like communicable diseases, nutrition, and infrastructure management. NGOs are highlighted as important partners for healthcare delivery through activities like health education, family planning services, and addressing water/sanitation and nutrition needs.
Patient Counseling is defined as providing medication information Orally or in written form to the patients or their representatives on directions of use, on side effects, precautions, storage, diet, life style modifications.
The Pharmacy & Therapeutic Committee (PTC) is an advisory group composed of at least three physicians, one pharmacist, and one nurse. It serves as a line of communication between medical staff and the pharmacy department. The PTC's primary roles are advisory and educational. It meets regularly to recommend drugs for use in the hospital and develop policies regarding drug safety, utilization review, adverse drug reaction monitoring, and the hospital formulary.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of community pharmacies and hospital pharmacies. Community pharmacies dispense medications, provide counseling to patients, and offer services like monitoring blood pressure and treating minor ailments without a prescription. Hospital pharmacies procure, store, prepare, and dispense medications within hospitals.
hospital formulary is developed under the guidance of pharmacy and therapeutic commitee of the hospital.pharmacist working in a hospital should play an important role in the preparation of the hospital formulary
Patient counseling by pharmacists involves providing patients with information about their medications and conditions to ensure safe and effective use. During counseling, the pharmacist assesses the patient's understanding, provides individualized advice, and aims to improve adherence, health outcomes, and quality of life. The counseling process involves preparing, opening the session, discussing the medication and treatment plan, and closing by checking the patient's understanding. The goal is to educate patients and empower them to better manage their health.
This presentation provides an overview of community pharmacy, including definitions, scopes, roles and responsibilities. It discusses the different levels of healthcare delivery from primary to tertiary care. It also outlines the sectors involved in healthcare delivery such as public, private, and NGOs. Additionally, it examines the role of community pharmacists in addressing issues like communicable diseases, nutrition, and infrastructure management. NGOs are highlighted as important partners for healthcare delivery through activities like health education, family planning services, and addressing water/sanitation and nutrition needs.
Patient Counseling is defined as providing medication information Orally or in written form to the patients or their representatives on directions of use, on side effects, precautions, storage, diet, life style modifications.
The document discusses clinical pharmacy services provided at hospitals. It focuses on ward round participation, drug therapy review, and pharmacist interventions. Key services discussed include participating in ward rounds to optimize patient treatment, monitoring drug therapy through activities like therapeutic drug monitoring and medication order review, endorsing medication charts to prevent errors, and performing clinical reviews to evaluate treatment response and safety. The pharmacist plays an important role as part of the clinical team in these activities to enhance patient outcomes.
Barriers of patient counseling in a community pharmacy and Strategies to over...MerrinJoseph1
Second Pharm -D , Patient Counseling Barriers and Strategies to overcome the barriers-pharmacist specific barriers,patient specific barrires and system based barriers and how to overcome the barriers for effective patient counseling in a community pharmacy.
The document outlines the guidelines for Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP) in Nepal as established by the Nepal Pharmacy Council. It details the major roles of pharmacists in providing quality pharmacy services and medication management. The guidelines specify requirements for pharmacy premises, equipment, manpower, storage, inventory control, services, and documentation to ensure optimal patient care and regulatory compliance. Adherence to GPP aims to improve public health outcomes.
The document discusses hospital formularies, which are lists of approved medications used in hospitals. A pharmacy and therapeutics committee is responsible for developing and revising the formulary. This includes adding and removing drugs based on efficacy, safety, and cost. The formulary provides guidelines for procuring, prescribing, dispensing, and administering drugs in the hospital. It aims to promote rational and cost-effective drug use. Restrictions may be placed on certain drugs to ensure appropriate usage. Exceptions can be made for nonformulary drugs in special cases.
This document defines and outlines the functions and objectives of a hospital pharmacy. It discusses that a hospital pharmacy deals with procurement, storage, compounding, dispensing, manufacturing, testing, packaging and distribution of drugs under the control of a qualified pharmacist. The key functions of a hospital pharmacy include purchasing and inventory control, dispensing, manufacturing, teaching and providing drug information. The objectives are to ensure availability of correct medications at low cost and participate in research and education. It also discusses the location, layout, personnel, space and equipment requirements for an effective hospital pharmacy.
The document defines a hospital and hospital pharmacy. A hospital pharmacy is responsible for supplying medications to patients and is headed by a qualified pharmacist. The goals of hospital pharmacy are to provide qualified pharmacists, establish standards, promote research, and disseminate pharmaceutical knowledge. Key components are procurement, distribution, and drug information. Minimum standards require administration, facilities, drug control/distribution, information, and assuring rational drug therapy. Pharmacy technicians' roles include receiving prescriptions, verifying information, preparing medications, and maintaining patient profiles.
OTC drugs are medications that can be purchased without a prescription. They include pain relievers like acetaminophen and ibuprofen, cough and cold medicines, antacids, and allergy medications. OTC drugs are widely used in India, accounting for 55% of drugs consumed. While convenient and cheaper than prescription drugs, OTC medications still carry risks if not taken as directed or if combining multiple products with the same active ingredients. Proper use of OTC drugs requires carefully reading and following all label instructions.
14ab1t0024 roles and responsibilities of hospital pharmacistRamesh Ganpisetti
Hospital pharmacists play several important roles in ensuring patients receive the most appropriate treatment. They advise patients and medical staff on all aspects of medications, including type, dosage, and administration method based on individual needs. Pharmacists can recommend the best form of medication such as tablets, injections, or inhalers. They are also seen as experts who can advise on safe drug combinations and solutions to specific patient problems. In addition, pharmacists monitor treatment effects to ensure safety, effectiveness, and appropriateness for each user.
Patient counselling ,steps of patient ppunseling,communication skill in patie...MerrinJoseph1
Dr.Merrin,Joseph,Department of pharmacy practice,Community Pharmacy , Pharm D Second year, patient counseling,definition,outcome/scope of patient counseling,steps in patient counseling,communication skill in patient couseling,verbal skills and non-verbal skills.
Drug distribution is one of the basic service provided by the hospital pharmacy.
Drug distribution system falls in to 3 categories -
1)Ward – controlled system
2)Pharmacy controlled imprest based system
3)Pharmacy controlled patient issue system
Community pharmacy provides pharmaceutical care and serves the public's need for medicines. In India, community pharmacies are privately owned medicine shops that serve local communities. Community pharmacists play an important role in providing patients access to healthcare by managing their medication needs. They are regulated under the Pharmacy Act of 1948 and must maintain certain legal records. To run a pharmacy properly, pharmacists must select an appropriate site, design an effective layout, stock medicines correctly, hire qualified staff, and keep various financial and legal records.
A medication history interview is used to collect detailed information about all medications a patient is currently taking or has taken in the past. This provides insights into allergic reactions, adherence, and use of alternative medicines. The goals are to obtain complete information to compare to medical records, verify histories, and inform care. Key information includes current and past medications, reactions, effectiveness, adherence, and sources like patients, families, and records. Patient counseling then aims to improve understanding of treatment, side effects, and self-management through a structured introduction, discussion, and conclusion.
Community pharmacies include privately owned establishments that serve the public's need for drugs and pharmaceutical services. They range from corporate chains to independently owned shops. Community pharmacists play an important role in processing prescriptions accurately, counseling patients, monitoring drug use, promoting health, and responding to minor ailments. They must maintain legal and financial records and adhere to a code of ethics regarding their professional activities and relationships.
This document provides information on establishing and operating a community pharmacy. It defines a community pharmacy as privately owned establishments that serve a society's drug needs. Key aspects covered include selecting an accessible site, designing an ideal layout, meeting legal requirements for licensing and record keeping, properly dispensing medications, and maintaining appropriate patient, legal, and financial records. The goal is to provide convenient pharmaceutical services and products to customers while complying with regulations.
Clinical pharmacy involves applying scientific principles of pharmacology to optimize patient care and outcomes. It focuses on rational medication use and promoting health. Clinical pharmacists work directly with patients, assessing their medication-related needs and developing individualized care plans in collaboration with other healthcare providers. They are highly trained and educated professionals responsible for ensuring safe, effective, and cost-efficient use of medications across various healthcare settings.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on pharmacy and therapeutic committees. It defines a pharmacy and therapeutic committee as a policy-making body that advises the medical staff and hospital administration on drug therapy issues. The objectives of such committees are to provide advisory, educational, and safe/rational drug use guidance. The composition of a PTC includes physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and administrators. Key functions of a PTC are developing and revising formularies, managing adverse drug reactions, promoting patient health, and regulating the hospital pharmacy inventory.
This document discusses hospital formularies, including their origin and objectives. It describes the types of formularies as open, closed, or incentive-based. It outlines the members involved in preparing the formulary such as clinicians, pharmacists, and administrators. The document discusses guidelines for formulary preparation, including identifying common diseases and treatments, drafting a list for review, and creating drug monographs. It notes steps to improve adherence and reviews advantages like standardized treatment and disadvantages like limiting physician choice. The role of pharmacists in the formulary process is also summarized.
This document outlines the Philippine National Drug Policy and provides information about the 7th edition of the Philippine National Drug Formulary (PNDF) Volume I. The five pillars of the Philippine National Drug Policy are described which aim to ensure drug quality, promote rational drug use, develop local pharmaceutical industry, implement targeted government drug procurement, and empower the public. The PNDF Volume I is the country's essential medicines list and is regularly updated by the National Formulary Committee. Key details provided in this document include acknowledgements, definitions, guidelines, and statistics related to the 7th edition of the PNDF Volume I.
8. PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPETICS.pdf MBBS SYLLABUSLits IT
The document outlines the departmental objectives and competencies for a pharmacology course. The objectives are to enable students to safely and effectively prescribe medications, understand pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles, recognize and manage adverse drug reactions, and evaluate ethical and legal issues related to drug development and prescribing. The course covers general pharmacology principles, autonomic pharmacology, and evaluation will include item examinations, term examinations, and a final professional examination assessing knowledge, skills and attitudes.
This document outlines the course syllabus for Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics at the University of Zambia School of Medicine. The 120-hour course aims to provide students with the ability to integrate pharmaceutical sciences, social sciences, and pharmacotherapeutic aspects of various diseases in order to make sound therapeutic decisions. It covers topics such as clinical pharmacy processes, prescribing, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, specific disease states, required clinical skills for pharmacists, and therapeutics for body systems including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems. Assessment includes tests, assignments, laboratory reports, and course competencies focus on pharmacy practice services, responding to ailments, delivering pharmaceutical care, and effective
The document discusses clinical pharmacy services provided at hospitals. It focuses on ward round participation, drug therapy review, and pharmacist interventions. Key services discussed include participating in ward rounds to optimize patient treatment, monitoring drug therapy through activities like therapeutic drug monitoring and medication order review, endorsing medication charts to prevent errors, and performing clinical reviews to evaluate treatment response and safety. The pharmacist plays an important role as part of the clinical team in these activities to enhance patient outcomes.
Barriers of patient counseling in a community pharmacy and Strategies to over...MerrinJoseph1
Second Pharm -D , Patient Counseling Barriers and Strategies to overcome the barriers-pharmacist specific barriers,patient specific barrires and system based barriers and how to overcome the barriers for effective patient counseling in a community pharmacy.
The document outlines the guidelines for Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP) in Nepal as established by the Nepal Pharmacy Council. It details the major roles of pharmacists in providing quality pharmacy services and medication management. The guidelines specify requirements for pharmacy premises, equipment, manpower, storage, inventory control, services, and documentation to ensure optimal patient care and regulatory compliance. Adherence to GPP aims to improve public health outcomes.
The document discusses hospital formularies, which are lists of approved medications used in hospitals. A pharmacy and therapeutics committee is responsible for developing and revising the formulary. This includes adding and removing drugs based on efficacy, safety, and cost. The formulary provides guidelines for procuring, prescribing, dispensing, and administering drugs in the hospital. It aims to promote rational and cost-effective drug use. Restrictions may be placed on certain drugs to ensure appropriate usage. Exceptions can be made for nonformulary drugs in special cases.
This document defines and outlines the functions and objectives of a hospital pharmacy. It discusses that a hospital pharmacy deals with procurement, storage, compounding, dispensing, manufacturing, testing, packaging and distribution of drugs under the control of a qualified pharmacist. The key functions of a hospital pharmacy include purchasing and inventory control, dispensing, manufacturing, teaching and providing drug information. The objectives are to ensure availability of correct medications at low cost and participate in research and education. It also discusses the location, layout, personnel, space and equipment requirements for an effective hospital pharmacy.
The document defines a hospital and hospital pharmacy. A hospital pharmacy is responsible for supplying medications to patients and is headed by a qualified pharmacist. The goals of hospital pharmacy are to provide qualified pharmacists, establish standards, promote research, and disseminate pharmaceutical knowledge. Key components are procurement, distribution, and drug information. Minimum standards require administration, facilities, drug control/distribution, information, and assuring rational drug therapy. Pharmacy technicians' roles include receiving prescriptions, verifying information, preparing medications, and maintaining patient profiles.
OTC drugs are medications that can be purchased without a prescription. They include pain relievers like acetaminophen and ibuprofen, cough and cold medicines, antacids, and allergy medications. OTC drugs are widely used in India, accounting for 55% of drugs consumed. While convenient and cheaper than prescription drugs, OTC medications still carry risks if not taken as directed or if combining multiple products with the same active ingredients. Proper use of OTC drugs requires carefully reading and following all label instructions.
14ab1t0024 roles and responsibilities of hospital pharmacistRamesh Ganpisetti
Hospital pharmacists play several important roles in ensuring patients receive the most appropriate treatment. They advise patients and medical staff on all aspects of medications, including type, dosage, and administration method based on individual needs. Pharmacists can recommend the best form of medication such as tablets, injections, or inhalers. They are also seen as experts who can advise on safe drug combinations and solutions to specific patient problems. In addition, pharmacists monitor treatment effects to ensure safety, effectiveness, and appropriateness for each user.
Patient counselling ,steps of patient ppunseling,communication skill in patie...MerrinJoseph1
Dr.Merrin,Joseph,Department of pharmacy practice,Community Pharmacy , Pharm D Second year, patient counseling,definition,outcome/scope of patient counseling,steps in patient counseling,communication skill in patient couseling,verbal skills and non-verbal skills.
Drug distribution is one of the basic service provided by the hospital pharmacy.
Drug distribution system falls in to 3 categories -
1)Ward – controlled system
2)Pharmacy controlled imprest based system
3)Pharmacy controlled patient issue system
Community pharmacy provides pharmaceutical care and serves the public's need for medicines. In India, community pharmacies are privately owned medicine shops that serve local communities. Community pharmacists play an important role in providing patients access to healthcare by managing their medication needs. They are regulated under the Pharmacy Act of 1948 and must maintain certain legal records. To run a pharmacy properly, pharmacists must select an appropriate site, design an effective layout, stock medicines correctly, hire qualified staff, and keep various financial and legal records.
A medication history interview is used to collect detailed information about all medications a patient is currently taking or has taken in the past. This provides insights into allergic reactions, adherence, and use of alternative medicines. The goals are to obtain complete information to compare to medical records, verify histories, and inform care. Key information includes current and past medications, reactions, effectiveness, adherence, and sources like patients, families, and records. Patient counseling then aims to improve understanding of treatment, side effects, and self-management through a structured introduction, discussion, and conclusion.
Community pharmacies include privately owned establishments that serve the public's need for drugs and pharmaceutical services. They range from corporate chains to independently owned shops. Community pharmacists play an important role in processing prescriptions accurately, counseling patients, monitoring drug use, promoting health, and responding to minor ailments. They must maintain legal and financial records and adhere to a code of ethics regarding their professional activities and relationships.
This document provides information on establishing and operating a community pharmacy. It defines a community pharmacy as privately owned establishments that serve a society's drug needs. Key aspects covered include selecting an accessible site, designing an ideal layout, meeting legal requirements for licensing and record keeping, properly dispensing medications, and maintaining appropriate patient, legal, and financial records. The goal is to provide convenient pharmaceutical services and products to customers while complying with regulations.
Clinical pharmacy involves applying scientific principles of pharmacology to optimize patient care and outcomes. It focuses on rational medication use and promoting health. Clinical pharmacists work directly with patients, assessing their medication-related needs and developing individualized care plans in collaboration with other healthcare providers. They are highly trained and educated professionals responsible for ensuring safe, effective, and cost-efficient use of medications across various healthcare settings.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on pharmacy and therapeutic committees. It defines a pharmacy and therapeutic committee as a policy-making body that advises the medical staff and hospital administration on drug therapy issues. The objectives of such committees are to provide advisory, educational, and safe/rational drug use guidance. The composition of a PTC includes physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and administrators. Key functions of a PTC are developing and revising formularies, managing adverse drug reactions, promoting patient health, and regulating the hospital pharmacy inventory.
This document discusses hospital formularies, including their origin and objectives. It describes the types of formularies as open, closed, or incentive-based. It outlines the members involved in preparing the formulary such as clinicians, pharmacists, and administrators. The document discusses guidelines for formulary preparation, including identifying common diseases and treatments, drafting a list for review, and creating drug monographs. It notes steps to improve adherence and reviews advantages like standardized treatment and disadvantages like limiting physician choice. The role of pharmacists in the formulary process is also summarized.
This document outlines the Philippine National Drug Policy and provides information about the 7th edition of the Philippine National Drug Formulary (PNDF) Volume I. The five pillars of the Philippine National Drug Policy are described which aim to ensure drug quality, promote rational drug use, develop local pharmaceutical industry, implement targeted government drug procurement, and empower the public. The PNDF Volume I is the country's essential medicines list and is regularly updated by the National Formulary Committee. Key details provided in this document include acknowledgements, definitions, guidelines, and statistics related to the 7th edition of the PNDF Volume I.
8. PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPETICS.pdf MBBS SYLLABUSLits IT
The document outlines the departmental objectives and competencies for a pharmacology course. The objectives are to enable students to safely and effectively prescribe medications, understand pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles, recognize and manage adverse drug reactions, and evaluate ethical and legal issues related to drug development and prescribing. The course covers general pharmacology principles, autonomic pharmacology, and evaluation will include item examinations, term examinations, and a final professional examination assessing knowledge, skills and attitudes.
This document outlines the course syllabus for Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics at the University of Zambia School of Medicine. The 120-hour course aims to provide students with the ability to integrate pharmaceutical sciences, social sciences, and pharmacotherapeutic aspects of various diseases in order to make sound therapeutic decisions. It covers topics such as clinical pharmacy processes, prescribing, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, specific disease states, required clinical skills for pharmacists, and therapeutics for body systems including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems. Assessment includes tests, assignments, laboratory reports, and course competencies focus on pharmacy practice services, responding to ailments, delivering pharmaceutical care, and effective
Clinical pharmacy may be defined as the science and practice of rationale use of
medications, where the pharmacists are more oriented towards the patient care
rationalizing medication therapy promoting health , wellness of people.
It is the modern and extended field of pharmacy.
“ The discipline that embodies the application and development (by pharmacist) of
scientific principles of pharmacology, toxicology, therapeutics, and clinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacogenomics and other allied
sciences for the care of patients”.
This document outlines the course content for a final year B.Pharmacy program focusing on hospital and community pharmacy. It includes 5 units that will teach students skills for hospital pharmacy practice like drug distribution, drug information services, and therapeutic drug monitoring. For community pharmacy, students will learn dispensing, responding to minor ailments, and patient counseling. The course aims to prepare students to work in drug distribution and pharmacy management roles in both hospital and retail settings upon graduation.
The document provides guidelines for a competency-based postgraduate training program for an MD in Pharmacology. It outlines three key areas of competency that students should acquire: 1) acquisition of knowledge regarding concepts, principles, and processes of pharmacology and therapeutics; 2) skills in teaching undergraduate students; and 3) abilities to conduct research from planning through publication. The guidelines describe specific learning objectives and competencies in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains that students are expected to gain in the areas of knowledge, teaching, and research over the course of the training program.
This document provides a course syllabus for PMY 3400 Pharmacy Practice - Foundation at the University of Zambia School of Medicine Department of Pharmacy. The 3-sentence summary is:
The course aims to provide fundamental principles underlying effective pharmacy practice over 120 contact hours, covering topics like the scope of pharmacy as a profession, communication skills, the Zambian health system, medicine dispensing and supply, and professional ethics. Assessment includes tests, assignments, laboratory reports, and competencies in areas like understanding the roles of pharmacists and describing factors in medicine supply. The course facilitates applying pharmaceutical, clinical, and behavioral sciences to address patient and community pharmaceutical care needs.
This document defines pharmacoepidemiology and discusses its objectives and importance. Pharmacoepidemiology applies epidemiological methods to study drug utilization and effects in large populations. It measures frequency and distribution of drug use outcomes. Types of pharmacoepidemiology research assess specific drugs used, patterns of use, and reasons for drug taking behaviors. Data sources include institutional records, health databases, and field data. Pharmacoepidemiology helps evaluate beneficial and adverse effects of drug therapy and detect inappropriate drug use.
This document contains course information from Dr. L.T.M. Muungo on various pharmaceutical topics:
1. The document outlines several courses on formulation systems, pharmaceutical calculations, dispensing, manufacturing, compounding, clinical pharmacy practice, and other related topics.
2. Many of the courses discuss dosage forms, drug delivery systems, pharmaceutical ingredients, sterile and non-sterile processing, and other areas of pharmaceutics.
3. The document also provides information on clinical pharmacy year attachments, case studies, health systems, rational drug use, and research processes including proposal writing, data collection, analysis, and publication.
This document outlines a course syllabus for an intermediate pharmacy practice course at the University of Zambia School of Medicine. The course aims to develop competencies for effective pharmacy practice, management, leadership, and professional development. It covers topics like the social context of health and illness, rational medicine use, supply chain management, the dispensing process, and more. Students will be assessed through tests, assignments, laboratory reports, and course competencies. The course utilizes lectures, tutorials, laboratory sessions, and other active learning methods over 120 total hours to facilitate students achieving the learning objectives.
This document outlines topics related to pharmaceutical formulations, drug delivery systems, dosage forms, compounding, manufacturing, and clinical pharmacy practice. It discusses pre-formulation characteristics, formulation systems, pharmaceutical calculations, dispensing, manufacturing specialties like radiopharmaceuticals, facilities, conventional and non-conventional drug carrier systems, aseptic processing, preformulation studies, types of dosage forms, drug delivery systems, routes of administration, pharmaceutical ingredients, pharmacy compounding, compounding and dispensing. It also discusses good manufacturing practices, personnel, quality assurance, contamination control, stability, validation, health promotion, essential medicines, counseling, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacovigilance, hospital pharmacy, community pharmacy, forensic pharmacy,
This document provides an overview of an orientation lecture for pharmacy students. It discusses key topics including the definition of pharmacy and drugs, the scope of pharmacy practice, naming conventions for drugs, pharmacy career paths, pharmacy education, ethics, and good dispensing practices. The lecture defines pharmacy as the art and science of preparing and dispensing medications and providing drug information to the public. It outlines the roles of pharmacists in areas like interpreting prescriptions, compounding, labeling, dispensing, and educating patients. Community pharmacists, hospital pharmacists, and other career paths are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the scope of pharmacology. It discusses the history and evolution of pharmacology from materia medica and early pharmacy to its modern academic, industrial and research applications. Key areas of pharmacology discussed include drug development process, clinical pharmacology, special domains like pharmacovigilance, pharmacoeconomics and emerging areas like pharmacogenomics. The document outlines the past, present and future scope of pharmacology and how it aims to advance human health through rational and safe use of medicines.
Rational prescribing,dispensing and use of drugsAhmad Ali
The document discusses rational drug use and dispensing. It defines rational drug use as using the right drug for the right patient in the right dose at the right time through the right route while ensuring cost-effectiveness. Rational dispensing involves accurately interpreting prescriptions, checking for errors, precisely filling medications, properly labeling containers with instructions, and educating patients. The key steps in rational dispensing are receiving prescriptions, interpreting instructions, checking drugs, filling accurately, labeling clearly, and providing instructions to patients.
This document discusses clinical pharmacy, including definitions, the status of clinical pharmacy in India, the scope and history of clinical pharmacy, activities of clinical pharmacists, clinical pharmacy practice areas, guidelines for pharmacotherapy specialists, clinical pharmacokinetics, drugs that can be monitored through therapeutic drug monitoring, reasons to request TDM, and the responsibilities of clinical pharmacists. It outlines how clinical pharmacy aims to optimize drug therapy for patients through various roles like consulting, drug information provision, and patient monitoring.
2. Minimum Standard for Hospital Pharmacy_ASHP_2022-2023.pptxssuserca7d2c
I’m going back in a minute I need a little more help I have a couple things I have a question about for the next two days and then I’m not going back in for a little while I need help I have a little more money to pay my my mom has to go back in the house so I’m going back in to the hospital so I’m going back to my room so I’m going back home to do my homework
This document provides an overview of drug utilization research (DUR). It defines DUR as the marketing, distribution, prescription, and use of drugs in a society and its resulting medical, social and economic consequences. The document outlines the history, levels, aspects, study designs, and guidelines for DUR based on WHO standards. It describes quantitative and qualitative DUR approaches and explains indicators like the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system and Defined Daily Dose concept for standardized DUR analysis. The goal of DUR is to promote rational and appropriate drug use.
Education and Training program in the Hospital ppt by madhukar thagnar MadhukarSureshThagna
The document discusses the education and training programs conducted in hospitals. It outlines several internal programs run by hospital pharmacists including training student nurses, seminars for medical staff, teaching undergraduate pharmacy students, patient education programs, clinical pharmacist training, and training hospital administrators. It also discusses some external teaching roles including guest lectures for colleges and professional conferences. The goal of these programs is to educate medical professionals, students, patients and the community about pharmaceutical topics, new drugs, and issues like drug abuse.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, and loss of function in the joints. It affects around 1-3% of the population worldwide and is three times more common in women than men. The disease involves inflammation of the synovium and destruction of articular cartilage and bone over time. Clinical features include symmetric polyarthritis of small joints in hands and feet, morning stiffness lasting over 30 minutes, and systemic symptoms like fever. Diagnosis is based on clinical features and confirmation with serological tests for rheumatoid factor or imaging tests showing erosions. Long-term treatment aims to reduce inflammation and prevent joint damage.
Pharmaceutical care is defined as the responsible provision of drug therapy to achieve definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life. It involves identifying potential and actual drug-related issues, resolving problems, and preventing future issues through education and monitoring. The pharmacist works with the patient and other providers to design and implement a care plan with specific therapeutic goals such as curing disease, reducing symptoms, or preventing illness. Key aspects of pharmaceutical care include being patient-oriented, addressing both acute and chronic issues, documenting care in the patient record, and emphasizing health promotion and education.
Advanced pharmaceutical care and anti microbial resistanceMINANI Theobald
microbial resistance is one of the among challenging problem in the word that is the reasons why we have to apply antimicrobial resistance (antibacterial , antiviral and other parasite resistance). this will achieved via providing good pharmaceutical care and handling well anti-microbe drugs .
all health care providers and patients globally need to care about the special issues of microbe resistance resistance by proper and necessary of of drug, controlling well infection,. this will involve avoiding the microbe transmitting resistant strain between them and phenotypically changing their structures further affecting target site of drug and permeabilty
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
1. HOSPITAL PHARMACY
Semester I
Course
Course
Code
MHP101T Modern analytical techniques
MHP102T Pharmacotherapeutics-I
MHP103T Hospital & Community Pharmacy
MHP104T Manufacturing Pharmacy
MHP105P Hospital Pharmacy Practical I
Seminar/Assignment
Semester II
Course
Course
Code
MHP201T Principles of Quality Use of Medicines
MHP202T Pharmacotherapeutics-II
MHP203T Pharmaceutical formulation & control
MHP204T Pharmacoepidemiology & Pharmacoeconomics
MHP205P Hospital Pharmacy Practical II
Seminar/Assignment
2. MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES (MHP101T)
Scope
This subject deals with various advanced analytical instrumental techniques for identification,
characterization and quantification of drugs. Instruments dealt are NMR, Mass spectrometer, IR, HPLC,
GC etc.
Objectives
After completion of course student is able to know,
Chemicals and Excipients
The analysis of various drugs in single and combination dosage forms Theoretical and
practical skills of the instruments
THEORY 60 HOURS
1 a. UV-Visible spectroscopy: Introduction, Theory, Laws,
Instrumentation associated with UV-Visible spectroscopy,
Choice of solvents and solvent effect and Applications of UV-Visible spectroscopy.
b. IR spectroscopy: Theory, Modes of Molecular vibrations, Sample handling, Instrumentation
of Dispersive and Fourier - Transform IR Spectrometer, Factors affecting vibrational frequencies
and Applications of IR spectroscopy.
c. Spectroflourimetry: Theory of Fluorescence, Factors affecting fluorescence, Quenchers,
Instrumentation and Applications of fluorescence spectrophotometer.
d. Flame emission spectroscopy and Atomic absorption spectroscopy: Principle, Instrumentation,
Interferences and
Applications.
2. NMR spectroscopy: Quantum numbers and their role in NMR, Principle, Instrumentation, Solvent
requirement in NMR, Relaxation process, NMR signals in various compounds, Chemical shift, Factors
influencing chemical shift, Spin-Spin coupling, Coupling constant, Nuclear magnetic double resonance,
Brief outline of principles of FT-NMR and 13C NMR. Applications of NMR spectroscopy.
3. Mass Spectroscopy: Principle, Theory, Instrumentation of Mass Spectroscopy, Different types of
ionization like electron impact, Hrs chemical, field, FAB and MALDI, APCI, ESI, APPI Analysers of
Quadrupole and Time of Flight, Mass fragmentation and its rules, Meta stable ions, Isotopic peaks
and Applications of Mass spectroscopy.
4. Chromatography: Principle, apparatus, instrumentation, chromatographic parameters, factors
affecting resolution and applications of the following:
a) Paper chromatography b) Thin Layer chromatography
c) Ion exchange chromatography d) Column chromatography
e) Gas chromatography f) High Performance Liquid chromatography g) Affinity
chromatography.
5. a. Electrophoresis: Principle, Instrumentation, Working condition factors affecting separation
and application of the following;
a) Paper electrophoresis b) Gel electrophoresis c) Capillary electrophoresis d) Zone
electrophoresis e) Moving boundary electrophoresis f) Isoelectric focusing
b. X Ray Crystallography: Production of x rays, different x rays diffraction methods, Bragg’s
law, rotating crystal technique, X rays powder technique , types of crystals and application of x
rays diffraction.
6. immunological assays: RIA (Radio Immuno assay), ELISA, Bioluminescence assays
3. REFERENCES
1. Spectrometric Identification of Organic compounds - Robert M
Silverstein, Sixth edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
2. Principles of Instrumental Analysis - Doglas A Skoog, F. James
Holler, Timothy A. Nieman, 5th edition, Eastern press, Bangalore,
1998.
3.Instrumental methods of analysis – Willards, 7th edition, CBS
publishers.
4. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Beckett and Stenlake, Vol
II, 4th edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.
5.Organic Spectroscopy - William Kemp, 3rd edition, ELBS,
1991.
6. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical formulation -
P D Sethi, 3rd Edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.
7. Pharmaceutical Analysis- Modern methods – Part B - J W
Munson, Volume 11, Marcel Dekker Series
4. PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS – I (MHP102T)
Scope
This course aims to enable the students to understand the different treatment approaches in managing various
disease conditions. Also, it imparts knowledge and skills in optimizing drug therapy of a patient by
individualizing the treatment plan through evidence-based medicines.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course it is expected that students shall be able to:
Describe and explain the rationale for drug therapy
Summarize the therapeutic approach for management of various disease conditions
including reference to the latest available evidence
Discuss the clinical controversies in drug therapy and evidence based medicine
Prepare individualized therapeutic plans based on diagnosis
Identify the patient specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and
monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time- course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effect/s)
THEORY
Etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of diseases associated with following systems
1. Cardiovascular system: Hypertension, Congestive cardiac failure, Acute coronary
syndrome, Arrhythmias, Hyperlipidemias.
2. Respiratory system: Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways disease, Drug induced
pulmonary diseases
3. Endocrine system: Diabetes, Thyroid diseases
4. Gastrointestinal system: Peptic ulcer diseases, Reflux esophagitis, Inflammatory bowel
diseases, Jaundice & hepatitis
5. Gastrointestinal system: Cirrhosis, Diarrhoea and Constipation, Drug-induced liver disease
6. Hematological diseases: Anemia, Deep vein thrombosis, Drug induced hematological
disorders
7. Bone and joint disorders: Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Gout, Osteoporosis
8. Dermatological Diseases: Psoriasis, Eczema and scabies, impetigo, drug induced skin
disorders
9. Ophthalmology: Conjunctivitis, Glaucoma
5. REFERENCES
1. Roger and Walker. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics – Churchill Livingstone publication
2. Joseph T. Dipiro et al. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach-Appleton & Lange
3. Robins SL. Pathologic basis of disease -W.B. Saunders publication
4. Eric T. Herfindal. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics- Williams and Wilkins Publication
5. Lloyd Young and Koda-Kimble MA Applied Therapeutics: The clinical Use of Drugs
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
6. Chisholm- Burns Wells Schwinghammer Malone and Joseph P Dipiro.
Pharmacotherapy Principles and practice-– McGraw Hill Publication
7. Carol Mattson Porth. Principles of Pathophysiology- Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
8. Harrison's. Principles of Internal Medicine - McGraw Hill
9. Relevant review articles from recent medical and pharmaceutical literature
6. HOSPITAL & COMMUNITY PHARMACY (MHP103T)
Scope
This course is designed to impart basic knowledge and skills that are required to practice
pharmacy in both hospital and community settings.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course it is expected that students shall be able to:
Understand the organizational structure of hospital pharmacy
Understand drug policy and drug committees
Know about procurement & drug distribution practices
Know the admixtures of radiopharmaceuticals
Understand the community pharmacy management
Know about value added services in community pharmacies
THEORY
1. Introduction to Hospitals – Definition, classification, organizational structure
Hospital Pharmacy: Definition, Relationship of hospital pharmacy department with other departments,
Organizational structure, legal requirements, work load statistics, Infrastructural requirements, Hospital
Pharmacy Budget and Hospital Pharmacy management
Hospital Drug Policy: Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee, Infection Control committee,
Research & Ethics Committee, Management of Medicines as per NABH
2. Hospital Formulary Guidelines and its development, Developing Therapeutic guidelines, Drug
procurement process, and methods of Inventory control, Methods of Drug distribution,
Intravenous admixtures, Hospital Waste Management
3. Education and training: Training of technical staff, training and continuing education of
pharmacists, Pharmacy students, Medical staff and students, Nursing staff and students, Formal
and informal meetings and lectures, Drug and therapeutics newsletter. Community Pharmacy
Practice: Definition, roles & responsibilities of community pharmacists, and their relationship
with other health care providers.
Community Pharmacy management: Legal requirements to start community pharmacy, site
selection, lay out & design, drug display, super drug store model, accounts and audits, Good
dispensing practices, Different softwares & databases used in community pharmacies.
Entrepreneurship in community pharmacy.
4. Prescription – Legal requirements & interpretation, prescription related problems Responding to
symptoms of minor ailments: Head ache, pyrexia, menstrual pains, food and drug allergy OTC
medication: Rational use of over the counter medications Medication counseling and use of patient
information leaflets Medication adherence – Definition factors influencing adherence behavior, strategies
to improve medication adherence
7. Patient referrals to the doctors
ADR monitoring in community pharmacies
5. Health Promotion – Definition and health promotion activities, family planning, Health
screening services, first aid, prevention of communicable and non-communicable
diseases, smoking cessation, Child & mother care
National Health Programs- Role of Community Pharmacist in Malaria and TB control
programs
Home Medicines review program – Definition, objectives, Guidelines, method and
outcomes Research in community pharmacy Practice
REFERENCES
1. Hospital Pharmacy - Hassan WE. Lea and Febiger publication.
2. Textbook of hospital pharmacy - Allwood MC and Blackwell.
3. Avery’s Drug Treatment, Adis International Limited.
4. Community Pharmacy Practice – Ramesh Adepu, BSP Publishers, Hyderabad
5. Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences.
6. Relevant review articles from recent medical and pharmaceutical literature
8. MANUFACTURING PHARMACY (MHP104T)
Scope
This course is designed to provide sufficient knowledge regarding the role of hospital
pharmacist in manufacturing and related aspects
Objectives
Upon completion of this course it is expected that students shall be able to:
Understand the process of manufacturing of various formulations
Understand the handling of various formulation
Understand about the quality control of products
Have knowledge of various techniques of sterilization
THEORY
1. Hospital formulation, fundamental principles and processes, composition;
manufacturing storage and preservation of tablets, liquid, oral products, capsules and
dermatological in IP, BPC and NF
2. Study of formulation, manufacture, packing of IV fluids used in hospitals, layout of such units,
equipment needed for washing; drying, filteration, filling. Sterilization and labeling of these
preparation; merits of manufacturing of IV fluids in hospitals.
3. Study of injectable, vehicle used and manufacturing
4. Study of formulation and preparation of sterile products used in hospitals and different
sections of hospitals like ophthalmic solutions; nasal solutions; dialysis solutions; contact
lens solution and solution used in organ transplant
5. Organization and development of parenteral admixture, some physical and chemical
incompatibility of IV admixture
6. Sterilization; methods and techniques as applicable to hospital pharmacy.
7. Radiopharmaceuticals; procurement; storage; handling dosage and precautions.
8. Pharmacopoeial quality control requirement for all dosage forms handled in hospitals
9. Blood transfusion; collection, storage and administration
REFERENCES
1. Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig JL. The theory and practice of industrial
pharmacy, 3
rd
ed., Varghese Publishers, Mumbai 1991.
2. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th edition Pharmaceutical Science (RPS)
3. Sinko PJ. Martin's physical pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 5
th
ed., B.I.
Publications Pvt. Ltd, Noida, 2006.
4. Indian Pharmacopoeia. Controller of Publication. Delhi, 1996.
9. 5. British Pharmacopoeia. British Pharmacopoeia Commission Office, London, 2008.
6. United States Pharmacopoeia. United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc, USA, 2003.
7. Dean D A, Evans E R and Hall I H. Pharmaceutical Packaging Technology. London,
Taylor & Francis, 1
st
Edition. UK.
8. Edward J Bauer. Pharmaceutical Packaging Handbook. 2009. Informa Health care
USA Inc. New york.
9. Shaybe Cox Gad. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Handbook. John Willey and Sons,
New Jersey, 2008
10. Hospital Pharmacy Practical-1 (MHP105P)
1. Analysis of pharmacopoeial compounds and their formulations by UV Vis
spectrophotometer
2. Simultaneous estimation of multi component containing formulations by UV
spectrophotometry
3. Experiments based on HPLC
4. Experiments based on Gas Chromatography
5. Estimation of riboflavin/quinine sulphate by fluorimetry
6. Estimation of sodium/potassium by flame photometry
7. Preparation; sterilization and quality control of several batches of I.V. fluids
used in hospitals.
8. Preparation and quality control of a) Injections; b) Opthalmic solution; c) Nasal
Solutions; d) Dialysis fluids; e) Contact lens solutions; f) Dermatological
preparations.
9. Sterility testing
10. Maintenance and quality control of sterile room.
11. Any other experiment relevant to topics covered in the theory.
11. SECOND SEMESTER
PRINCIPLES OF QUALITY USE OF MEDICINES (MHP201T)
Scope
This course is designed to impart basic knowledge and skills that are required to practice quality use of
medicines (QUM) in different healthcare settings and also to promote quality use of medicines, in clinical
practice, through evidence-based medicine approach.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course it is expected that students shall be able to:
Understand the principles of quality use of medicines
Know the benefits and risks associated with use of medicines
Understand regulatory aspects of quality use of medicines Identify
and resolve medication related problems
Promote quality use of medicines Practice
evidence-based medicines
THEORY
1. Introduction to Quality use of medicines (QUM): Definition and Principles of QUM, Key
partners and responsibilities of the partners, Building blocks in QMC, Evaluation process in
QMC, Communication in QUM, Cost effective prescribing.
2. Concepts in QUM
Evidence based medicine: Definition, concept of evidence based medicine, Approach
and practice of evidence based medicine in clinical settings
Essential drugs: Definition, need, concept of essential drug, National essential drug
policy and list
Rational drug use: Definition, concept and need for rational drug use, Rational drug
prescribing, Role of pharmacist in rational drug use.
3. QUM in various settings: Hospital settings, Ambulatory care/Residential care, Role of health care
professionals in promoting the QUM, Strategies to promote the QUM, Impact of QUM on E-health,
integrative medicine and multidisciplinary care. QUM in special population: Paediatric prescribing,
Geriatric prescribing, Prescribing in pregnancy and lactation, Prescribing in immune compromised
and organ failure patients.
4. Regulatory aspects of QUM in India: Regulation including scheduling, Regulation of
complementary medicines, Regulation of OTC medicines, Professional responsibility of
pharmacist, Role of industry in QUM in medicine development.
12. 5. Medication errors: Definition, categorization and causes of medication errors, Detection
and prevention of medication errors, Role of pharmacist in monitoring and management
of medication errors
Pharmacovigilance: Definition, aims and need for pharmacovigilance, Types,
predisposing factors and mechanism of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), Detection,
reporting and monitoring of ADRs, Causality assessment of ADRs, Management of
ADRs, Role of pharmacist in pharmacovigilance.
13. REFERENCES:
1. A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice – Essential concepts and skills –Parthasarathi
G, Karin Nyfort-Hansen and Milap Nahata
2. Andrews EB, Moore N. Mann’s Pharmacovigilance
3. Dipiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach
4. Straus SE, Richardson WS, Glasziou P, Haynes RB. Evidence-Based Medicine: How to
practice and teach it
5. Cohen MR. Medication Errors
6. Online:
http://medicinesaustralia.com.au/files/2012/05/MA_QUM_External_Red uced.pdf
http://curriculum.racgp.org.au/statements/quality-use-of-medicines/
http://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/14051541/Chapter_2.pdf
7. Relevant review articles from recent medical and pharmaceutical literature.
14. PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS II (MHP202T)
Scope
This course aims to enable the students to understand the different treatment approaches in managing
various disease conditions. Also, it imparts knowledge and skill in optimizing drug therapy of a patient
by individualizing the treatment plan through evidence-based medicines.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course it is expected that students shall be able to:
Describe and explain the rationale for drug therapy
Summarize the therapeutic approach for management of various disease conditions
including reference to the latest available evidence
Discuss the clinical controversies in drug therapy and evidence based medicine
Prepare individualized therapeutic plans based on diagnosis
Identify the patient specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and
monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time- course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effect/s)
THEORY
1. Nervous system: Epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Stroke, Headache, Alzheimer’s disease
Neuralgias and Pain pathways and Pain management.
2. Psychiatric disorders: Schizophrenia, Depression, Anxiety disorders, Sleep disorders Drug
induced psychiatric disorders Renal system: Acute renal failure, Chronic renal failure,
Renal dialysis, Drug induced renal disease
3. Infectious diseases: General guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics and surgical
prophylaxis, Urinary tract infections, Respiratory tract infections, Gastroenteritis,
Tuberculosis, Malaria, Bacterial endocarditis, Septicemia.
4. Infectious diseases: Meningitis, HIV and opportunistic infections, Rheumatic fever, Dengue
fever, H1N1, Helmenthiasis, Fungal infections Gynecological disorders: Dysmenorrhea,
Hormone replacement therapy.
5. Oncology: General principles of cancer chemotherapy, pharmacotherapy of breast
cancer, lung cancer, head & neck cancer, hematological malignancies, Management of
nausea and vomiting, Palliative care
REFERENCES
1. Roger and Walker. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics – Churchill Livingstone publication.
2. Joseph T. Dipiro et al. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach- Appleton & Lange
3. Robins SL. Pathologic basis of disease -W.B. Saunders publication
4. Eric T. Herfindal. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics- Williams and Wilkins Publication
15. 5. Lloyd Young and Koda-Kimble MA Applied Therapeutics: The clinical Use of Drugs
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
6. Chisholm- Burns Wells Schwinghammer Malone and Joseph P Dipiro.
Pharmacotherapy Principles and practice-– McGraw Hill Publication
7. Carol Mattson Porth. Principles of Pathophysiology- Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
8. Harrison's. Principles of Internal Medicine - McGraw Hill
9. Relevant review articles from recent medical and pharmaceutical literature
16. PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION & CONTROL (MHP203T)
Scope
This course is design to provide knowledge regarding the quality aspects of manufacturing
in hospital pharmacy setup. Moreover, it imparts knowledge regarding the regulatory
considerations while handling drug products
Objectives
Upon completion of this course it is expected that students shall be able to:
Understand the Preformulation aspects of drug product
Understand the quality control and quality assurance aspects of
manufacturing Have knowledge of various regulatory frameworks
Have knowledge of process of clinical trial with respect to own role
THEORY
1. Preformulation studies; pka, solubility, dissolution rate, partition coefficient, crystal
morphology, polymorphism, powder flow, surface characteristics.
2. Solubilization techniques; methods of solubilization including addition of co solvents, surface
active agents, complexation, hydro trophy, chemical modification.
3. Dissolution testing; dissolution apparatus (basket & peddle), dissolution rate testing for suspension,
topical, suppositories and sustained release products in-vivo in-vitro correlation.
4. Formulation of sustained release products: calculation of dose where maintenance dose is released by
zero order and first order process. Oral sustained release dosage form e.g. diffusion system,
dissolution system, osmotic system and ion exchange system. Parenteral S.R. dosage form, I. M.
injection (aqueous suspension and oil formulation), implants (subcutaneous device, intra uterine
device), transdermal device. Targeted drug delivery system e.g. nanoparticle liposome, resealed
erythrocytes
5. Product stability; chemical and physical stability of pharmaceutical dosage form,
accelerated solubility testing & shelf life evaluation, influence of packaging component,
dosage form stability.
6. Quality assurance: quality assurance concept, operation of a quality assurance system,
function of quality control, analytical control, quality control charts, GMP, process
development manufacturing facilities, procedure records, product recall, documentation,
good laboratory practices
7. Drug regulatory affairs. Definition of drug label, new drug, investigational drug as per
D&C act (India) & FDA (USA), new drug application, drug efficacy study,
implementation review, labeling requirements of OTC drugs, prescription drugs
(schedule H, X narcotics), warning notice package inserts, CGMP.
17. 8. Clinical trial of drug substances; pre-trial testing, design of clinical trials, choice of patients, monitoring of
clinical trials, documentation, compatibility of performance, manufacturing & quality control of products
& placebo, analysis of results, role of pharmacists in clinical trial
9. Post marketing surveillance of new products
REFERENCES
1. Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig JL. The theory and practice of industrial
pharmacy, 3
rd
ed., Varghese Publishers, Mumbai 1991.
2. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th edition Pharmaceutical Science (RPS)
3. Sinko PJ. Martin's physical pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 5
th
ed., B.I.
Publications Pvt. Ltd, Noida, 2006.
4. Y. W. Chien, Novel Drug Delivery System, 2
nd
edition, revised and expended, Marcel
Dekker Inc, New York, 1992
5. Good manufacturing practices for pharmaceuticals: A plan for total quality control,
second edition; By Sidney H. Willig
6. FDA regulatory affairs: a guide for prescription drugs, medical devices and biologics.
Edited by Douglas J. Pisano, David Mantus.
7. Handbook of clinical research. Julia Lloyd and Ann Raven Ed. Churchill Livingstone
8. Principles of Clinical Research edited by Giovanna di Ignazio, Di Giovanna and Haynes.
9. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization. Good Clinical Practices- Guidelines for Clinical
Trials on Pharmaceutical Products in India. New Delhi: Ministry of Health.
18. PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY & PHARMACOECONOMICS (MHP 204T)
Scope
This course enables students to understand various pharmacoepidemiological methods and their clinical
applications. Also, it aims to impart knowledge on basic concepts, assumptions, terminology, and methods associated
with Pharmacoeconomics and health related outcomes, and when should be appropriate Pharmacoeconomic model
should be applied for a health care regimen.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course it is expected that students shall be able to:
Understand the various epidemiological methods and their applications
Understand the fundamental principles of Pharmacoeconomics.
Identify and determine relevant cost and consequences associated with pharmacy
products and services.
Perform the key Pharmacoeconomics analysis methods
Understand the Pharmacoeconomic decision analysis methods and its
applications. Describe current Pharmacoeconomic methods and issues.
Understand the applications of Pharmacoeconomics to various pharmacy settings.
THEORY
1. Introduction to Pharmacoepidemiology: Definition, Scope, Need, Aims & Applications;
Outcome measurement: Outcome measures, Drug use measures: Monetary units, Number
of prescriptions, units of drug dispensed, defined daily doses, prescribed daily doses,
Diagnosis and Therapy surveys, Prevalence, Incidence rate, Monetary units, number of
prescriptions, unit of drugs dispensed, defined daily doses and prescribed daily doses,
medications adherence measurements.
Concept of risk: Measurement of risk, Attributable risk and relative risk, Time- risk
relationship and odds ratio
2. Pharmacoepidemiological Methods: Qualitative models: Drug Utilization Review;
Quantitative models: case reports, case series, Cross sectional studies, Cohort and case control
studies, Calculation of Odds’ ratio, Meta analysis models, Drug effects study in populations:
Spontaneous reporting, Prescription event monitoring, Post marketing surveillance, Record linkage
systems, Applications of Pharmacoepidemiology
3. Introduction to Pharmacoeconomics: Definition, history of Pharmacoeconomics, Need of
Pharmacoeconomic studies in Indian healthcare system.
Cost categorization and resources for cost estimation: Direct costs. Indirect costs.
Intangible costs.
Outcomes and Measurements of Pharmacoeconomics: Types of outcomes: Clinical outcome, Economic
outcomes, Humanistic outcomes; Quality Adjusted Life Years, Disability Adjusted
19. Life Years Incremental Cost Effective Ratio, Average Cost Effective Ratio. Person
Time, Willingness To Pay, Time Trade Off and Discounting.
4. Pharmacoeconomic evaluations: Definition, Steps involved, Applications, Advantages and
disadvantages of the following Pharmacoeconomic models: Cost Minimization Analysis
(CMA), Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), Cost Effective Analysis (CEA), Cost Utility
Analysis (CUA), Cost of Illness (COI), Cost Consequences Analysis (COA).
5. Definition, Steps involved, Applications, Advantages and disadvantages of the following: Health
related quality of life (HRQOL): Definition, Need for measurement of HRQOL, Common
HRQOL measures. Definition, Steps involved, Applications of the following: Decision Analysis
and Decision tree, Sensitivity analysis, Markov Modeling, Software used in pharmacoeconomic
analysis, Applications of Pharmacoeconomics.
1. Rascati K L. Essentials of Pharmacoeconomics, Woulters Kluwer Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.
2. Thomas E Getzen. Health economics. Fundamentals and Flow of Funds. John Wiley
& Sons, USA.
3. Andrew Briggs, Karl Claxton, Mark Sculpher. Decision Modelling for Health
Economic Evaluation, Oxford University Press, London.
4. Michael Drummond, Mark Sculpher, George Torrence, Bernie O'Brien and Greg
Stoddart. Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes
Oxford University Press, London.
5. George E Mackinnon III. Understanding health outcomes and pharmacoeconomics.
6. Graker, Dennis. Pharmacoeconomics and outcomes.
7. Walley, Pharmacoeconomics.
8. Pharmacoeconomic – ed. by Nowakowska – University of Medical Sciences, Poznan.
9. Relevant review articles from recent medical and pharmaceutical literature
20. HOSPITAL PHARMACY-2 PRACTICAL (MHP205P)
1. To find partition coefficient of aspirin in chloroform & buffer of various pH.
2. Solubilisation of paracetamol by solvents, surface active agents.
3. Dissolution rate study of marketed capsule dosage form.
4. Dissolution rate study of S.R. dosage form.
5. Preparation of tablets by various granulation methods.
6. Preparation of layered tablets.
7. Preparation of effervescent tablets.
8. Preparation of film coated tablets.
9. Preparation of S.R. tablets.
10. Preparation of coated granules.
11. Preparation of aqueous suspension by using different surface active agent, suspending agents,
evaluation of physical stability.
12. Preparation of ophthalmic ointments and to evaluate release profile.
13. To evaluate shelf life of formulation from Arrhenius plots.