This document provides information about Hopleys, a manufacturer of steel flooring and roofing solutions. It summarizes their 75 years of experience in engineering design and fabrication. They specialize in providing customized raised storage areas, mezzanine floors, and solutions for commercial and residential applications. The document includes details on product specifications, span tables for different loading conditions, and standard connection details.
Earthquake effect on underground structuresHoda Yahyaei
This document discusses how earthquakes can affect underground structures like tunnels. It describes two main ways tunnels are impacted: ground shaking and ground failure. Ground shaking refers to vibrations from seismic waves that propagate through the earth's crust. Factors like site conditions, tunnel shape and depth influence how shaken tunnels deform through modes like axial stretching, curvature, or cross-section warping. Proper design aims to allow tunnels to absorb these seismic deformations without damage. Numerical modeling of soil-structure interaction is important for stiff tunnel designs.
METHODS OF RETROFITTING EARTHQUAKE DAMAGESUmer Farooq
The primary purpose of earthquake retrofitting is to keep a home from being displaced from its concrete foundation. Retrofitting means making improvements to an existing building. The purpose is to make the building safer and less prone to major structural damage during an earthquake. Existing homes need to be retrofitted because our understanding of the effects of earthquakes as well as construction techniques have improved after the homes were built. The terms house bolting, foundation bolting and cripple wall bracing are often used synonymously with earthquake retrofitting
The document discusses cable suspension bridges. It provides an introduction that describes the key components of a suspension bridge, including two main cables that are anchored and pass over towers, suspending the central deck. It then covers various topics related to suspension bridge design and construction, such as the different types of bridges, components, use of anchorages, evolution of the design, structural analysis and loads, construction sequence, software used, potential structural failures, examples of bridges in India, and advantages and disadvantages.
This document discusses the calculation of wind loads for structural design. It provides background on wind loads and defines key terms. It outlines wind speed areas in Tanzania and the design procedure, which involves determining the site wind speed, characteristic wind pressure, external and internal pressures on the structure, and the net pressure. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating wind loads. Load factors of safety and load combinations are also defined.
This document discusses base isolation as a seismic protection technique. It explains that base isolation systems reduce building vibrations during earthquakes by inserting special bearings between the building and its foundation that allow for horizontal movement. There are different types of bearings used, including rubber bearings and friction pendulum bearings. Base isolation provides significant benefits like protecting the building frame, contents, and allowing the building to remain operational after an earthquake by reducing forces on the structure. It has been widely used since its first application in the 1970s and provides protection against earthquake and blast loads.
The presentation was discussed during an expert talk held at SSASIT, Surat by Prof. Bhasker Vijaykumar Bhatt. The presentation was compiled of various sources by the UNDP India as a part of capacity building for the UEVRP in action during the year 2009.
The document discusses foundations for buildings. It states that foundations transfer structural loads from a building safely into the ground, reaching below the frost line into competent soil or rock. Foundation design depends on factors like subsurface soil, loading intensity, and groundwater. Shallow foundations like spread footings are used when soils can support loads near the surface, while deep foundations like piles are needed in weak soils. Foundation selection involves considering soil strength, loads, construction methods, and effects on neighboring properties.
This document discusses earthquake resistant structures and techniques. It begins by defining earthquakes as sudden movements of the earth's surface that can range from tiny to several feet and release enormous amounts of energy, greater than a nuclear bomb. It then explains that earthquake resistant designs analyze the forces that would act on buildings during earthquakes to ensure the structure can withstand them. Key earthquake resistant techniques discussed are base isolation devices that separate the building from the ground using rubber devices, and seismic dampers that absorb seismic wave energy. Specific seismic damper types including viscous, friction, and yielding dampers are also mentioned.
Earthquake effect on underground structuresHoda Yahyaei
This document discusses how earthquakes can affect underground structures like tunnels. It describes two main ways tunnels are impacted: ground shaking and ground failure. Ground shaking refers to vibrations from seismic waves that propagate through the earth's crust. Factors like site conditions, tunnel shape and depth influence how shaken tunnels deform through modes like axial stretching, curvature, or cross-section warping. Proper design aims to allow tunnels to absorb these seismic deformations without damage. Numerical modeling of soil-structure interaction is important for stiff tunnel designs.
METHODS OF RETROFITTING EARTHQUAKE DAMAGESUmer Farooq
The primary purpose of earthquake retrofitting is to keep a home from being displaced from its concrete foundation. Retrofitting means making improvements to an existing building. The purpose is to make the building safer and less prone to major structural damage during an earthquake. Existing homes need to be retrofitted because our understanding of the effects of earthquakes as well as construction techniques have improved after the homes were built. The terms house bolting, foundation bolting and cripple wall bracing are often used synonymously with earthquake retrofitting
The document discusses cable suspension bridges. It provides an introduction that describes the key components of a suspension bridge, including two main cables that are anchored and pass over towers, suspending the central deck. It then covers various topics related to suspension bridge design and construction, such as the different types of bridges, components, use of anchorages, evolution of the design, structural analysis and loads, construction sequence, software used, potential structural failures, examples of bridges in India, and advantages and disadvantages.
This document discusses the calculation of wind loads for structural design. It provides background on wind loads and defines key terms. It outlines wind speed areas in Tanzania and the design procedure, which involves determining the site wind speed, characteristic wind pressure, external and internal pressures on the structure, and the net pressure. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating wind loads. Load factors of safety and load combinations are also defined.
This document discusses base isolation as a seismic protection technique. It explains that base isolation systems reduce building vibrations during earthquakes by inserting special bearings between the building and its foundation that allow for horizontal movement. There are different types of bearings used, including rubber bearings and friction pendulum bearings. Base isolation provides significant benefits like protecting the building frame, contents, and allowing the building to remain operational after an earthquake by reducing forces on the structure. It has been widely used since its first application in the 1970s and provides protection against earthquake and blast loads.
The presentation was discussed during an expert talk held at SSASIT, Surat by Prof. Bhasker Vijaykumar Bhatt. The presentation was compiled of various sources by the UNDP India as a part of capacity building for the UEVRP in action during the year 2009.
The document discusses foundations for buildings. It states that foundations transfer structural loads from a building safely into the ground, reaching below the frost line into competent soil or rock. Foundation design depends on factors like subsurface soil, loading intensity, and groundwater. Shallow foundations like spread footings are used when soils can support loads near the surface, while deep foundations like piles are needed in weak soils. Foundation selection involves considering soil strength, loads, construction methods, and effects on neighboring properties.
This document discusses earthquake resistant structures and techniques. It begins by defining earthquakes as sudden movements of the earth's surface that can range from tiny to several feet and release enormous amounts of energy, greater than a nuclear bomb. It then explains that earthquake resistant designs analyze the forces that would act on buildings during earthquakes to ensure the structure can withstand them. Key earthquake resistant techniques discussed are base isolation devices that separate the building from the ground using rubber devices, and seismic dampers that absorb seismic wave energy. Specific seismic damper types including viscous, friction, and yielding dampers are also mentioned.
This document discusses different types of roof trusses used in construction. It describes common trusses, which are used to build sloped roofs with a bottom chord and two top chords meeting at the peak. Other types discussed include scissor trusses, raised heel trusses, dropped chord trusses, parallel chord trusses, attic trusses, bowstring trusses, gambrel trusses, and steel trusses. The document provides details on the design and purpose of each type of truss.
The document discusses different types of connections used for steel beams, including bolted and welded framed connections, bolted and welded seated connections, end plate connections, and special connections. It provides details on the design considerations for each type of connection, such as using stiffened seats for large reactions, considering stresses from loads on welded connections, and ensuring accuracy for end plate connections. Beam to girder connections like top flush, blocked, and hanger connections are also briefly mentioned.
Shallow foundations are suitable for structures with light to moderate loads built on soil with good bearing capacity. They transfer structural loads to the soil near the surface through footings. The main types are isolated footings under individual columns/walls, combined footings where footings overlap, and raft/mat foundations which use a continuous slab to support the whole structure. Shallow foundations are commonly used for residential and light commercial buildings due to their low cost and ease of construction compared to deep foundations.
Project ppt on earthquake resistant building structureSambhavJain168
This document presents research on earthquake resistant building design using base isolation. It discusses how base isolation systems work to reduce seismic demand on structures by separating the superstructure from the substructure. The document outlines the objectives, literature review, code-based analysis process, experimental investigation and results. The results show that using laminated rubber bearings for base isolation can significantly reduce base shear and structural drift compared to fixed-base structures. Therefore, base isolation is concluded to be an effective seismic control method.
This document discusses excavation and basement construction. It begins by defining excavation as loosening and removing materials to create space above or below ground. It then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using mechanical plants for excavation work. The document goes on to describe 10 common excavation plants including backhoes, bulldozers, loaders, dump trucks, and clamshell excavators. It also discusses government regulations for controlling excavation work. Finally, it describes two methods for deep excavation: the dumpling method and diaphragm walling method.
Combine piled raft foundation (cprf)_Er.Karan ChauhanEr.Karan Chauhan
Combine Piled Raft Foundation(CPRF) is an emerging type of new foundation techniques in High rise buildings and skyscraper which raft as a shallow foundation and pile as deep foundation works sharing the total load and reduce settlement and bending moment. the modern approach of design philosophy is included in post graduation level with soil structure interaction of CPRF and this will use to understand the basic concept regarding it.
This document discusses the key elements and design considerations of cable-stayed and suspension bridges. It covers:
- The main components of these bridges, including main cables, suspenders, decking, towers, and anchor cables.
- Equations for calculating horizontal reactions, cable tension at various points, and the parabolic shape of loaded cables.
- Methods for determining the total cable length and anchoring cables to the ground via guide pulleys or saddle arrangements on piers.
- The use of a three-hinged stiffening girder to support the bridge deck between cable supports.
Load analysis and structural considerationBee Key Verma
The document discusses various types of loads that act on buildings including dead loads, live loads, wind loads, seismic loads, and temperature loads. It also describes different structural systems for high-rise buildings that efficiently transfer loads, such as braced frames, shear walls, core and outrigger systems, bundled tubes, and diagrid systems. Basements are discussed as providing additional space in buildings for parking or other functions.
Reinforced concrete buildings in seismic regions often include vertical shear walls that run from the foundation to the roof. Shear walls help buildings withstand earthquakes by carrying lateral forces down to the foundation. They perform much better when properly designed with features like symmetrical placement, ductile reinforcement, and thickened boundary elements at the ends that experience high stresses. Buildings with sufficient shear walls have shown good performance during past earthquakes, making shear wall construction a popular approach in seismic design.
Post lintel structure is a simple construction method that uses vertical posts or columns supporting a horizontal beam or lintel. It has been commonly used for centuries to support weight above openings. The key components are the post, which must support the lintel without crushing, and the lintel, which must bear loads without deforming or breaking. Materials used include stone, wood, steel and concrete. Advantages include faster construction and better insulation, while disadvantages include limited span and load capacity. Proper design of foundations, connections and consideration of forces like tension and compression are important for structural integrity.
Is code underremead pile Bearing capacityMake Mannan
This document provides information on an Indian Standard code of practice for the design and construction of under-reamed pile foundations. It begins with background information on under-reamed piles and how they provide substantial bearing and anchorage in various soil conditions. It then provides definitions of key terms related to pile foundations. The document outlines the necessary site investigation and soil property information required for the design and construction of under-reamed piles. It also includes sections on load testing, design considerations, construction methods, and other recommendations for under-reamed piles.
1. This document discusses structural theories and applications of steel as a material. It provides an overview of the physical and mechanical properties of steel, how steel is produced, basic grades of steel, common steel sections, fire protection methods for steel structures, and the form of steel structures.
2. The document includes sections on the brief history of steel production, how steel durability is influenced by exposure conditions and treatment, elasticity properties of steel, measurement systems used to define steel properties, and concludes with advantages and disadvantages of steel structures.
3. References are provided and the document contains tables of contents and figures to illustrate steel properties and structural concepts.
Seismic Analysis of Regular and Irregular Buildings with Vertical Irregularit...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic response of regular and irregular buildings with vertical irregularities using STAAD.Pro software. Six building models are analyzed - three regular buildings with stepped, inverted-T, and U-shaped vertical irregularities, and three irregular (H-shaped plan) buildings with the same vertical irregularities. Response spectrum analysis is used to determine maximum displacements, base shear, frequencies, and time periods. Results show irregular buildings have higher displacements and lower frequencies than regular buildings. The regular building with a U-shaped vertical irregularity performed the worst with the highest displacements. In conclusion, regular buildings performed better seismically than irregular buildings with vertical irregularities.
Rapid visual screening (RVS) is a procedure to assess building safety and seismic risk by visually identifying a building's structural system and vulnerabilities. The document discusses conducting RVS in Gangtok to screen for earthquake safety. It provides context on population and earthquake intensities. Guidelines are given on screening for issues like soft stories, floating columns, reinforcement, pounding between buildings. The screening aims to classify buildings based on risk to prioritize retrofitting to reduce seismic risk.
The document discusses earthquake resistant structures and techniques. It provides an introduction and table of contents on the topic. Key points include how seismic effects like inertia forces impact structures, how architectural features affect buildings during earthquakes, and seismic design philosophies like allowing minor damage in minor quakes but preventing collapse in major quakes. Techniques discussed are use of shear walls, vertical reinforcement, base isolation, energy dissipation devices, and designs to keep buildings upright during shaking.
Seismic Design of Buried Structures in PH and NZLawrence Galvez
This document discusses seismic design of buried rectangular structures according to Philippines and New Zealand design codes. It notes that buried structures generally perform better in earthquakes than above-ground structures due to less dynamic amplification effects. While the Mononobe-Okabe method is commonly used internationally for seismic design, the document argues this method has limitations and conservatisms. It reviews Philippines and New Zealand code requirements, which generally do not consider dynamic earth pressures for buried structures. The document proposes simplified seismic design approaches are needed to minimize conservatism for buried structures.
lintels are the horizontal members...this ppt discuss about the lintels ...functions...types etc
structural steel lintels
precast concrete lintels
precast concrete lintels prices
steel lintel lowes
steel lintel beam details
masonry lintel span tables
steel lintel sizes for masonry openings
steel lintels masonry
masonry lintel span tables
steel lintel size chart
lintel of a house
lintel construction
block wall lintels
what is a window lintel
what is a lintel
steel lintel for concrete block
This document discusses retrofitting techniques for masonry buildings to strengthen them against earthquakes. It describes various structural and member retrofitting methods such as adding shear walls, jacketing beams and columns. Failure mechanisms of masonry buildings are outlined, including out-of-plane failure, in-plane failure and connection failure. Repair techniques like jacketing are explained. The document also references Indian codes for earthquake design and concludes that retrofitting is an effective technology for protecting structures, but expertise is still needed at the basic level.
Design of truss roofing by Engineer Muhammad Kamal Anwar khan malla khelKamal787
This document provides information on the design and types of truss roofs. It discusses:
1) The key properties of trusses, including that members experience only axial forces and loads are applied at panel points.
2) The main types of trusses used - Type I for snowy climates with steeper pitches, and Type II for hot climates with flatter or low pitches. Common truss configurations are also described.
3) Related terms like pitch, inclination, height, and panel length which describe truss geometry and dimensions.
4) Additional structural elements like purlins, sag rods, and sheathing which transfer roof loads to the trusses.
This document provides an overview of structural steel design and connections. It discusses the benefits of steel structures, common lateral load resisting systems like braced and rigid frames, and types of bracing configurations. It also examines different types of steel frame connections including simple, moment, and eccentric braced connections. Design considerations and capacity equations for moment connections are presented.
This document summarizes Chapter 7 of a textbook on interior finishes for wood light frame construction. It discusses sequencing of interior finish work, insulating methods, common wall and flooring materials, and stair design. Sample problems are provided on proportioning fireplaces, stairs, and designing a prototype hostel building with platform frame construction. Review questions at the end assess understanding of insulation methods, popularity of wall finishes, moisture control during construction, and key stair design considerations like safety, consistent dimensions and code compliance.
This document discusses different types of roof trusses used in construction. It describes common trusses, which are used to build sloped roofs with a bottom chord and two top chords meeting at the peak. Other types discussed include scissor trusses, raised heel trusses, dropped chord trusses, parallel chord trusses, attic trusses, bowstring trusses, gambrel trusses, and steel trusses. The document provides details on the design and purpose of each type of truss.
The document discusses different types of connections used for steel beams, including bolted and welded framed connections, bolted and welded seated connections, end plate connections, and special connections. It provides details on the design considerations for each type of connection, such as using stiffened seats for large reactions, considering stresses from loads on welded connections, and ensuring accuracy for end plate connections. Beam to girder connections like top flush, blocked, and hanger connections are also briefly mentioned.
Shallow foundations are suitable for structures with light to moderate loads built on soil with good bearing capacity. They transfer structural loads to the soil near the surface through footings. The main types are isolated footings under individual columns/walls, combined footings where footings overlap, and raft/mat foundations which use a continuous slab to support the whole structure. Shallow foundations are commonly used for residential and light commercial buildings due to their low cost and ease of construction compared to deep foundations.
Project ppt on earthquake resistant building structureSambhavJain168
This document presents research on earthquake resistant building design using base isolation. It discusses how base isolation systems work to reduce seismic demand on structures by separating the superstructure from the substructure. The document outlines the objectives, literature review, code-based analysis process, experimental investigation and results. The results show that using laminated rubber bearings for base isolation can significantly reduce base shear and structural drift compared to fixed-base structures. Therefore, base isolation is concluded to be an effective seismic control method.
This document discusses excavation and basement construction. It begins by defining excavation as loosening and removing materials to create space above or below ground. It then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using mechanical plants for excavation work. The document goes on to describe 10 common excavation plants including backhoes, bulldozers, loaders, dump trucks, and clamshell excavators. It also discusses government regulations for controlling excavation work. Finally, it describes two methods for deep excavation: the dumpling method and diaphragm walling method.
Combine piled raft foundation (cprf)_Er.Karan ChauhanEr.Karan Chauhan
Combine Piled Raft Foundation(CPRF) is an emerging type of new foundation techniques in High rise buildings and skyscraper which raft as a shallow foundation and pile as deep foundation works sharing the total load and reduce settlement and bending moment. the modern approach of design philosophy is included in post graduation level with soil structure interaction of CPRF and this will use to understand the basic concept regarding it.
This document discusses the key elements and design considerations of cable-stayed and suspension bridges. It covers:
- The main components of these bridges, including main cables, suspenders, decking, towers, and anchor cables.
- Equations for calculating horizontal reactions, cable tension at various points, and the parabolic shape of loaded cables.
- Methods for determining the total cable length and anchoring cables to the ground via guide pulleys or saddle arrangements on piers.
- The use of a three-hinged stiffening girder to support the bridge deck between cable supports.
Load analysis and structural considerationBee Key Verma
The document discusses various types of loads that act on buildings including dead loads, live loads, wind loads, seismic loads, and temperature loads. It also describes different structural systems for high-rise buildings that efficiently transfer loads, such as braced frames, shear walls, core and outrigger systems, bundled tubes, and diagrid systems. Basements are discussed as providing additional space in buildings for parking or other functions.
Reinforced concrete buildings in seismic regions often include vertical shear walls that run from the foundation to the roof. Shear walls help buildings withstand earthquakes by carrying lateral forces down to the foundation. They perform much better when properly designed with features like symmetrical placement, ductile reinforcement, and thickened boundary elements at the ends that experience high stresses. Buildings with sufficient shear walls have shown good performance during past earthquakes, making shear wall construction a popular approach in seismic design.
Post lintel structure is a simple construction method that uses vertical posts or columns supporting a horizontal beam or lintel. It has been commonly used for centuries to support weight above openings. The key components are the post, which must support the lintel without crushing, and the lintel, which must bear loads without deforming or breaking. Materials used include stone, wood, steel and concrete. Advantages include faster construction and better insulation, while disadvantages include limited span and load capacity. Proper design of foundations, connections and consideration of forces like tension and compression are important for structural integrity.
Is code underremead pile Bearing capacityMake Mannan
This document provides information on an Indian Standard code of practice for the design and construction of under-reamed pile foundations. It begins with background information on under-reamed piles and how they provide substantial bearing and anchorage in various soil conditions. It then provides definitions of key terms related to pile foundations. The document outlines the necessary site investigation and soil property information required for the design and construction of under-reamed piles. It also includes sections on load testing, design considerations, construction methods, and other recommendations for under-reamed piles.
1. This document discusses structural theories and applications of steel as a material. It provides an overview of the physical and mechanical properties of steel, how steel is produced, basic grades of steel, common steel sections, fire protection methods for steel structures, and the form of steel structures.
2. The document includes sections on the brief history of steel production, how steel durability is influenced by exposure conditions and treatment, elasticity properties of steel, measurement systems used to define steel properties, and concludes with advantages and disadvantages of steel structures.
3. References are provided and the document contains tables of contents and figures to illustrate steel properties and structural concepts.
Seismic Analysis of Regular and Irregular Buildings with Vertical Irregularit...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic response of regular and irregular buildings with vertical irregularities using STAAD.Pro software. Six building models are analyzed - three regular buildings with stepped, inverted-T, and U-shaped vertical irregularities, and three irregular (H-shaped plan) buildings with the same vertical irregularities. Response spectrum analysis is used to determine maximum displacements, base shear, frequencies, and time periods. Results show irregular buildings have higher displacements and lower frequencies than regular buildings. The regular building with a U-shaped vertical irregularity performed the worst with the highest displacements. In conclusion, regular buildings performed better seismically than irregular buildings with vertical irregularities.
Rapid visual screening (RVS) is a procedure to assess building safety and seismic risk by visually identifying a building's structural system and vulnerabilities. The document discusses conducting RVS in Gangtok to screen for earthquake safety. It provides context on population and earthquake intensities. Guidelines are given on screening for issues like soft stories, floating columns, reinforcement, pounding between buildings. The screening aims to classify buildings based on risk to prioritize retrofitting to reduce seismic risk.
The document discusses earthquake resistant structures and techniques. It provides an introduction and table of contents on the topic. Key points include how seismic effects like inertia forces impact structures, how architectural features affect buildings during earthquakes, and seismic design philosophies like allowing minor damage in minor quakes but preventing collapse in major quakes. Techniques discussed are use of shear walls, vertical reinforcement, base isolation, energy dissipation devices, and designs to keep buildings upright during shaking.
Seismic Design of Buried Structures in PH and NZLawrence Galvez
This document discusses seismic design of buried rectangular structures according to Philippines and New Zealand design codes. It notes that buried structures generally perform better in earthquakes than above-ground structures due to less dynamic amplification effects. While the Mononobe-Okabe method is commonly used internationally for seismic design, the document argues this method has limitations and conservatisms. It reviews Philippines and New Zealand code requirements, which generally do not consider dynamic earth pressures for buried structures. The document proposes simplified seismic design approaches are needed to minimize conservatism for buried structures.
lintels are the horizontal members...this ppt discuss about the lintels ...functions...types etc
structural steel lintels
precast concrete lintels
precast concrete lintels prices
steel lintel lowes
steel lintel beam details
masonry lintel span tables
steel lintel sizes for masonry openings
steel lintels masonry
masonry lintel span tables
steel lintel size chart
lintel of a house
lintel construction
block wall lintels
what is a window lintel
what is a lintel
steel lintel for concrete block
This document discusses retrofitting techniques for masonry buildings to strengthen them against earthquakes. It describes various structural and member retrofitting methods such as adding shear walls, jacketing beams and columns. Failure mechanisms of masonry buildings are outlined, including out-of-plane failure, in-plane failure and connection failure. Repair techniques like jacketing are explained. The document also references Indian codes for earthquake design and concludes that retrofitting is an effective technology for protecting structures, but expertise is still needed at the basic level.
Design of truss roofing by Engineer Muhammad Kamal Anwar khan malla khelKamal787
This document provides information on the design and types of truss roofs. It discusses:
1) The key properties of trusses, including that members experience only axial forces and loads are applied at panel points.
2) The main types of trusses used - Type I for snowy climates with steeper pitches, and Type II for hot climates with flatter or low pitches. Common truss configurations are also described.
3) Related terms like pitch, inclination, height, and panel length which describe truss geometry and dimensions.
4) Additional structural elements like purlins, sag rods, and sheathing which transfer roof loads to the trusses.
This document provides an overview of structural steel design and connections. It discusses the benefits of steel structures, common lateral load resisting systems like braced and rigid frames, and types of bracing configurations. It also examines different types of steel frame connections including simple, moment, and eccentric braced connections. Design considerations and capacity equations for moment connections are presented.
This document summarizes Chapter 7 of a textbook on interior finishes for wood light frame construction. It discusses sequencing of interior finish work, insulating methods, common wall and flooring materials, and stair design. Sample problems are provided on proportioning fireplaces, stairs, and designing a prototype hostel building with platform frame construction. Review questions at the end assess understanding of insulation methods, popularity of wall finishes, moisture control during construction, and key stair design considerations like safety, consistent dimensions and code compliance.
This document discusses joist floor systems which use closely spaced precast concrete beams or joists to form long-span floors. Removable metal pans are typically used to form the T-shaped joists during casting. It provides details on standard joist construction including pan dimensions, spacing requirements, minimum slab thicknesses based on fire ratings, and guidelines for layout including use of distribution ribs.
CE 72.32 (January 2016 Semester) Lecture 4 - Selection of Structural SystemsFawad Najam
This document discusses structural systems for tall buildings and floor systems. It begins by providing historical context on how understanding of structural design has changed with scale, with Galileo being the first to recognize this. The four key principles of tall building design are then outlined. Different types of structural systems are classified based on material and construction method. Reinforced concrete building elements and vertical and lateral load resisting systems are described. Finally, various common floor system types like flat plates, waffle slabs, and beam and slab systems are presented.
This document discusses bolted connections used in structural engineering. It begins by explaining why connection failures should be avoided, as they can lead to catastrophic structural failures. It then classifies bolted connections based on their method of fastening, rigidity, joint resistance, fabrication location, joint location, connection geometry, and type of force transferred. It describes different types of bolts and bolt tightening techniques used for friction grip connections. It discusses advantages and drawbacks of bolted connections compared to riveted or welded connections. The document provides detailed information on design and behavior of various bolted connections.
The document outlines the process and components involved in constructing foundations for buildings, including excavating the soil, installing steel reinforcement bars, pouring concrete to form walls and footings, and underpinning existing foundations. Foundation systems must support and anchor the building, transmit loads to the ground, and resist various forces and movements. Proper design and construction of foundations are necessary to prevent differential settlement issues.
The document discusses structural steel construction, including the various methods used such as beam and column construction, long span construction, and wall bearing construction. It describes the common structural steel members like columns, beams, joists, and trusses that are erected and secured together using fastening systems like bolts and welds to form the structural framework. Details provided on erection plans guide the fabrication and installation of the different steel components.
3 Things Every Sales Team Needs to Be Thinking About in 2017Drift
Thinking about your sales team's goals for 2017? Drift's VP of Sales shares 3 things you can do to improve conversion rates and drive more revenue.
Read the full story on the Drift blog here: http://blog.drift.com/sales-team-tips
How to Become a Thought Leader in Your NicheLeslie Samuel
Are bloggers thought leaders? Here are some tips on how you can become one. Provide great value, put awesome content out there on a regular basis, and help others.
This document provides an overview and introduction to Ash & Lacy's comprehensive range of roofing and cladding fixings. It describes the key features and benefits of their fixings, including coloured heads, vulcanized washers, heat treated drill points, and profiles designed for maximum grip. The fixings are available in carbon steel and stainless steel options. The document also notes Ash & Lacy's distribution centers and technical support for customers.
This document provides an overview and introduction to Ash & Lacy's comprehensive range of roofing and cladding fixings. It describes the key features and benefits of their fixings, including coloured heads, vulcanized washers, heat treated drill points, and profiles designed for maximum grip. The fixings are available in carbon steel and stainless steel options. The document also notes Ash & Lacy's distribution centers and technical support for customers.
The cold rolled Steel Frame range offers a structurally robust
and dimensionally stable, warm spaced wall construction that
can be used with the majority of external finishes, across most
applications.
This component supply, structural stud & track system, is available to suit both infill and oversail systems, both of which provide early weather protection capability to the building, and offer many advantages over traditional construction methods.
This document provides information about Big R Pedestrian Bridges, a company that designs and manufactures prefabricated pedestrian bridges. It describes the various bridge styles offered, including standard parallel chord trusses and arched signature designs. Customers can choose from different bridge components, finishes, and abutment options to design a bridge tailored to their site needs. Big R handles all aspects of bridge design, fabrication, and installation for a turnkey project.
TECHNIBUS is a global leader in metal enclosed bus systems with over 50 years of experience. They operate a 150,000 square foot manufacturing facility in Canton, Ohio and serve various industries including power generation, distribution, and data centers. TECHNIBUS focuses on innovative bus products and commitment to quality through ISO 9001 certification. They provide custom fabrication, assembly, and finishing services for bus systems and other metal components.
Imperial Turnkey Projects provides construction solutions including pre-engineering building structures, structural fabrication, civil works, MEP services, and roofing solutions. It has been in business since 2014 and offers comprehensive steel solutions for industrial, commercial, and infrastructure projects using pre-engineered building platforms. The company has a manufacturing facility in Pune for producing building components and has completed numerous pre-engineered building projects for customers across various industries.
Cool Shield Data Center Aisle Containment CapabilitiesSteven Sieja
Cool Shield aisle containment solutions provide customers with a versatile turnkey product in new or existing data centers. Our data center aisle containment solution ranges from a single row in an existing server room to entire data halls in new facilities.
https://cool-shield.com/
Foundation Engineering Group (FEG) is an engineering company with over 50 years of experience in below ground construction. They provide in-house design, manufacturing, and certification of screw pile foundations and soil stabilization techniques. FEG offers screw piling, ground anchoring systems, grout underpinning and shoring, and drilling services for difficult sites. They have ISO-9001 accreditation to ensure their engineered solutions meet standards and deliver outcomes on time and on budget.
This document provides information about Synergy Thrislington, a company that manufactures modular buildings using an Insulating Concrete Form (ICF) system. Some key points:
- Synergy Thrislington was established in 2006 in India and acquired the plant, machinery, and intellectual property of UK-based Thrislington, which has been making fire doors and partitions since 1946.
- The company has an advanced manufacturing facility in Himachal Pradesh and uses a team of professionals and R&D division to develop innovative building products.
- Their ICF system uses steel framing and EPS foam panels to rapidly construct buildings that are energy efficient, earthquake resistant, and safer than traditional construction methods.
- Syn
Extra Co was established in 1979 in Sharjah, UAE and has grown to become a leading manufacturer with over 4,000 employees. It has four business units that produce fiberglass products, prefabricated houses and interiors, precast concrete elements, and metal structures. The prefabricated houses unit manufactures temporary and permanent prefab buildings using standardized and custom designs, including sites offices, housing, and more. Extra Co uses advanced technologies like its ExtraCAD system to improve quality and efficiency of prefab production while meeting high standards.
The document is a catalogue for Layher event systems that provides information on stages, podia, stands and other basic components. It includes:
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1. HOPLEYS
HOPL E Y S
OPEN WEB STEEL JOIST
RAISED STORAGE SOLUTIONS
INDEPENDENTLY CERTIFIED
DESIGN & QUOTATION SERVICE
RAISED STORAGE AREAS
MEZZANINE FLOORS
COMMERCIAL
APPLICATIONS
2. Hopleys, the metal building products
division of Hunt Engineering and Staff Pty.
Ltd, has over 75 years combined experience
in engineering design and fabrication.
Over this period we’ve built our reputation
on customer satisfaction, achieved
through in-house expertise, reliability, cost
effectiveness, and the highest standard of
quality assurance.
As an Australian owned national business,
we specialise in providing turn-key solutions
from concept design to completion, ensuring
the highest possible return on investment.
Having our own manufacturing facility allows
us to specifically design to your individual
requirements, with our experienced in-house
team providing expert advice at each stage
of your project to ensure a cost effective
solution to meet your exact specifications.
Contents/ About Us 2-3
Raised Storage Areas/Mezzanines 4-7
Commercial 8-9
Special Projects 10-11
Connection details 12-13
Technical span tables 14-17
Section properties 18
Notes 19
ABOUT US
CONTENTS
HOPL E Y S
OPEN WEB STEEL JOIST
PG 2
3. PG 3
Letter of certification available
Hopleys building products offer a wide
range of steel flooring and roofing
solutions for commercial, residential,
raised storage, and individually
designed projects. Manufactured
from light weight galvanised steel, the
Hopleys open web steel joist provides
many advantages over rolled steel and
timber alternatives, and is available in a
range of standard heights from 150mm-
450mm. A full range of connection
accessories are available to allow
easy integration into a wide variety of
projects.
HOPLEYS
STEEL
FLOORING
AND ROOFING
SOLUTIONS
• All galvanised steel construction
• Open-web design allowing installation
of services including plumbing,
electrical and air-conditioning.
• Termite, fire and corrosion resistant.
• Light weight for ease of installation,
saving you time and money on site.
• No welding required on site
• No shrinking, warping or twisting
compared to alternative products,
resulting in a longer lasting floor system
• Modular design to make relocating or
expanding easy, future proofing your
decision
• All lengths pre-cut to save time and
labour on site. Standard lengths are
also available.
• Complete range of connection
accessories for ease of installation.
• Symmetric design reducing the need
for bridging.
• Independently certified
• Manufactured to comply with Australian
standards: AS1170.1, AS1170.2,
AS4100, AS1657, AS4055, AS3623
and the Building Code of Australia.
4. PG 4
Hopleys raised storage areas are designed
to maximise your existing floor space,
ensuring you get the highest return on
investment per square metre.
Our in-house engineering team can custom
design a complete raised storage solution
to meet your individual needs, from concept
design through to completion.
Our lightweight, open web construction
provides superior span widths, maximising
your overhead space without the need
to compromise your existing floor
requirements. Column spacing can be
varied to match your existing floor plan, and
a large range of sizes are available to suit
your exact specifications.
RAISED
STORAGE AREAS
• Raised storage solutions for your growing needs,
from concept design to installation.
• Designed to maximise your overhead space
without compromising your existing layout.
• Double or triple your floor capacity within the
same space (multi-level options).
• Free standing systems that are not dependant
on your existing structure.
• Modular system for ease of dismantling and
relocation, future proofing your decision.
• Individually designed to meet your exact
requirements
• Can be installed over existing pallet racking with
minimal disruption to your business.
• No on-site welding required, eliminating fire
hazards
• A full range of stairs, hand rails, safety gates and
flooring available.
• Installation options available.
MEZZANINEFLOORS
6. PG 6PG 6
EASY INTEGRATION
Infinite design options allow easy integration to
suit your existing or proposed layout.
DOUBLE OR TRIPLE YOUR
FLOORSPACE
Single and double level options available to maximise
your existing premises.
RSA - MEZZAZINE FLOORS
LARGE CLEAR SPANS
Allows unhindered access and movement below
the mezzanine.
All Mezzanines (RSA) comply with the following provisions and regulations:
• AS1170.1- Structural Design Actions (Loading Code)
• AS4100 - Steel Structures
• AS1657 - Platforms, Walkways, Stairways and Ladders
• AS3600 - Concrete Structures
7. PG 7
SMART MODULAR DESIGN
Totally customised solutions to fit your needs.
INNOVATIVE PLATFORMS FOR CONVEYOR AND SHELVING SOLUTIONS
STAIRS , GATES
& HANDRAILS
8. PG 8
COMPOSITE FLOOR
SOLUTIONS
Utilising steel and concrete to create an efficient
floor structure, saving installation time and
reducing overall costs. The smart way to construct
a suspended floor!
SUPERIOR SPAN
CAPABILITY
Eliminating structural beams and bulkheads.
COST-EFFECTIVE DESIGN
AND CONSTRUCTION
Budget specific design, manufacture and installation,
producing significant cost savings for any size project
COMMERCIAL
Hopleys has provided commercial flooring and roofing
solutions for the Australian market for over 30 years.
Our experienced engineering team have designed
cost-effective, innovative solutions for a wide variety of
projects including aged care, council developments,
public facilities, sporting and retail developments.
Our range of open web steel joists and structural
trusses allow easy integration into a wide range of
commercial projects and with superior span widths, we
can eliminate structural beams and unsightly bulkheads.
Mechanical services are easily installed through the
open web construction providing a flexible, future proof
design.
Our products are manufactured to comply with
Australian standards AS1170.1, AS1170.2, AS4100,
AS1657, and the Building Code of Australia.
9. FLEXIBILITY AND SPEED OF
INSTALLATION
Open web design allowing electrical, plumbing
and air-conditioning services in intermediate floors.
Future proofing by allowing changes to services.
EASE OF INTEGRATION WITH OTHER
BUILDING PRODUCTS
ENGINEERED
SOLUTIONS
PG 9
10. PG 10
ECO-FRIENDLY HOMESTRANSPORTABLE BUILDINGS
COST-EFFECTIVE DESIGN
AND CONSTRUCTION
MODULAR TRANSPORTABLE
GRANDSTANDS
Hopleys steel flooring and roofing systems
offer design flexibility to suit the most
challenging projects, providing solutions to
leading edge architectural design, sporting
grandstands, transportable homes, loading
docks, and many other project applications.
Our in-house engineering design team
assist clients through each stage of their
project, providing expert advice to ensure
every design is manufactured to exacting
specifications.
TERMITE
PROOF
SPECIAL PROJECTS
11. PG 11
FLEXIBILITY AND SPEED OF
INSTALLATION STADIUMS
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
LOADING DOCKS
SELF
STORAGE
12. PG 12
STANDARD CONNECTION DETAILS
HJ Joist to whaling plate using HJ shoe
HJ to wallplate using nail clip
(end-clip welded by Hopleys)
HJ Vertical hung shoe to suit
nominated structural PFC
(weld on site)
HJ Balcony setdown shoe
HJ over wallplate using triple gripHJ to HB shoe connection HJ Shoe to column
HJ Top hung shoe (weld on site) HJ Top hung shoe to PFC using
timber plate (bolted to PFC)
HJ Vertical hung shoe to suit
nominated structural UB/UC
(weld on site)
HJ Larger Beam with vertical SHS
Stubs welded to flanges by
Hopleys or Steel fabricator
HJ Smaller Beam with vertical SHS
Stubs welded to flanges by Hopleys
or Steel fabricator
HJ
1
5
9
2
6
10
3
7
11
4
8
12
Note: More connection details available upon application
13. PG 13
STANDARD CONNECTION DETAILS
HB single HB to column using HB shoe
(shoe welded to column by Hopleys)
HB to HB shoe connection
(bolts or tek-screw options)
HB vertical hung
(weld to beam on site)
HB Joist to wall plate
using hold-down angles
HB Shoe on nominated structural beam
(shoe welded by Hopleys or steel
fabricator)
HB Top hung on nominated structural
beam (weld on site)
HB Top hung to shelf angle
(weld on site)
HB Double HB - to Column
(shoe welded to column by Hopleys)
HB
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
Note: More connection details available upon application
14. Hopleys steel floor framing is a fully
engineered and certified sub-flooring
system, providing an economical
alternative to conventional timber, and
suitable for extreme environmental
conditions. Providing complete
packages for domestic floors, deck
and additions, the Hopleys system
provides greater design flexibility,
and features a range of standard
connection brackets for simplicity
and speed of installation.
INDUSTRIAL FLOORING
- MEZZANINES AND RSA’S (5.0KPA LL)
SPACING
JOIST SIZE 300 360 400 450 600
HJ150 - - - - -
HJ200 4560 4280 4130 3975 3030
HJ250 5330 5010 4830 4615 4000
HJ300 6050 5670 5380 5070 4400
2/HJ250 6730 6330 6110 5870 5330
2/HJ300 7600 7180 6930 6660 6050
HB300 6880 6470 6240 6000 5440
HB350 7690 7290 7030 6760 6120
HB400 8300 7920 7710 7480 6770
HB450 8850 8450 8220 7980 7380
Allows for 25mm Ply flooring
(29kg/m2)
Max Deflection
Dead Load - Span / 300 or 20mm
Live Load - Span / 300 or 25mm
Minimum Vibration frequency = 4Hz
Note: HJ150 fails the 4.5kN point load
INDUSTRIAL
PG 14
TECHNICAL SPAN TABLES
Allows for 25mm Ply flooring (29kg/m2)
Max Deflection
Dead Load - Span / 300 or 20mm
Live Load - Span / 300 or 25mm
Minimum Vibration frequency = 4Hz
INDUSTRIAL FLOORING
- LIGHT INDUSTRIAL WORKROOMS (3.0KPA LL)
SPACING
JOIST SIZE 300 360 400 450 600
HJ150 4400 4145 3100 2760 2260
HJ200 5410 5090 4910 4720 3030
HJ250 6330 5950 5740 5520 5010
HJ300 7180 6760 6520 6270 5610
2/HJ250 7860 7500 7250 6970 6330
2/HJ300 8645 8250 8000 7810 7180
HB300 7990 7630 7420 7130 6470
HB350 8740 8350 8130 7890 7290
HB400 9440 9010 8780 8520 7920
HB450 10000 9610 9360 9090 8450