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HOA-CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE & EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE.pptx
- 2. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE • REFERS TO A STYLE OF BUILDINGS ORIGINALLY CONSTRUCTED BY THE GREEKS AND ROMAN • THE ARCHITECTURE WAS PRIMARILY TRABEATED (POST AND BEAM) AND EVOLVED FROM TIMBER ORIGINS GEOGRAPHY GREEK PENINSULA - BOUNDED ON 2 SIDES BY BLACK SEA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA GEOLOGY STONES AND MARBLES – CHIEF BUILDING MATERIALS RELIGION GODS AND GODDESSES AGEANS WORSHIP NATURE GREEKS WORSHIP NATURAL PHENOMENA SOCIO-POLITICAL MUSIC, DANCING, GLADIATOR FIGHTS, HORSE, RACING. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE
- 3. D. 4 METHODS OF WALLING SURFACE FINISH CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE PERIODS 1. EARLY PERIOD AEGEANS, MINOANS, MYCENEANS AEGEAN PERIOD • STRUCTURES WAS GENERALLY ROUGH AND MASSIVE. • THE CAPITAL IS ORNAMENTED WITH SQUARE ABACUS AND A CIRCULAR BULBOUS ECHINUS. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES: A. LOW PITCH/FLAT ROOF ON MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURE B. STAIRWAY WAS DEVELOPED FOR VERTICAL CIRCULATION C. HOUSE TERMED AS MEGARON AND PALACES WERE PRINCIPAL BUILDING TYPES. MEGARON - SINGLE STOREY DWELLING WITH A CENTRAL ROOM AND PORTICOED ENTRANCE. PARTS OF MEGARON: 1. ENCLOSED PORCH 2. LIVING APARTMENTS 3. THALAMUS – SLEEPING QUARTERS. CYCLOPEAN WALL IN MYCENAE, GREECE POLYGONAL WALL RECTANGULAR WALL INCLINED BLOCKS TWO TYPES OF AEGEAN TOMB: 1. THOLOS TOMB 2. ROCK TOMB
- 4. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE PERIODS 1. EARLY PERIOD AEGEANS, MINOANS, MYCENEANS PALACE OF KNOSSOS, CRETE PLAN OF PALACE OF KNOSSOS COURTYARD, PALACE OF KNOSSOS
- 5. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE PERIODS 1. EARLY PERIOD AEGEANS, MINOANS, MYCENEANS TREASURY OF ATREUS, GREECE CITADEL OF TIRYN LION’S GATE, CITADEL OF TIRYN CORBELED PASSAGEWAY, CITADEL OF TIRYN
- 6. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE PERIOD 2. HELLENIC PERIOD • GREEK HISTORY, CULTURE AND ART • TEMPLE BECAME THE CHIEF BUILDING TYPE. • COLUMNAR AND TRABEATED • MATERIALS: TIMBER, STONE, TERACOTTA CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES: 1. THEY USE RECTANGULAR PLAN 2. PROPYLAEA – MONUMENTAL GATES OR ENTRANCEWAYS 3. COLLONADE SURROUND THE TEMPLE 4. LACUNARIA – TIMBER PANELLED COFFERS 5. WALLS WERE MADE UP OF STONE 6. MARBLE SCULPTURES COMPLETED THE BUILDINGS 7. MURAL PAINTS 8. OPTICAL ILLUSIONS ACROPOLIS CITY ON THE HEIGHT A CITY STRONGHOLD OR FORTRESS CONSTRUCTED ON HIGHER GROUND PROPYLAEA, ATHENIAN, ACROPOLIS ACROPOLIS
- 7. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE CIVIC SQUARE OR MARKET PLACE GREEK: AGORA ITALIAN: PIAZZA ROMAN: FORUM FRENCE: PLACE ENGLISH: MARKET
- 8. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE PERIOD 2. HELLENIC PERIOD TEMENOS SACRED AREA OR ENCLOSURE SURROUNDING A CLASSICAL GREEK TEMPLE PARTHENON ATHENS, GREECE BUILT IN HONOR OF ATENA, THE CITY’S PATRON GODDESS. USED PROPORTION 2N+1 IN DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF COLUMNS ON THE SIDES OF A TEMPLE NAOS OR CELLA PRINCIPAL CHAMBER; ENCLOSED PART OF THE TEMPLE WHERE THE CULT IMAGE WAS KEPT. PRONAOS OR ANTICUM OPEN VERSTIBULE BEFORE THE CELLA. EPINAOS OR POSTICUM REAR VERSTIBULE OPISTHODOMOS SMALL ROOM IN THE CELLA AS FOR A TREASURY ENTASIS SLIGHT CONVEX CURVE IN THE SHAFT OF A COLUMN. PARTHENON ATHENS, GREECE PLAN OF PARTHENON
- 9. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE PERIOD 2. HELLENIC PERIOD COLUMN ARRANGEMENT PLANNING OF TEMPLE GREEK AND ROMAN TEMPLES ARE DESCRIBED ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF COLUMNS ON THE ENTRANCE FRONT, THE TYPE OF COLONNADE, AND THE TYPE OF PORTICO.
- 10. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE INTERCOLUMNATION IS THE PROPORTIONAL SPACING BETWEEN COLUMNS IN A COLONNADE. STANDARD INTERCOLUMNIATIONS: Pycnostyle One and a half diameters Systyle Two diameters Eustyle Two and a quarter diameters (and three diameters between middle columns front and rear); considered by Vitruvius to be the best proportion. Diastyle Three diameters Araeostyle Four or more diameters, requiring a wooden architrave rather than one of stone Araeosystyle Alternating araeostyle and systyle PERIOD 2. HELLENIC PERIOD
- 13. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE PARTS OF GREEK TEMPLE PERIOD 2. HELLENIC PERIOD CLASSICAL MOLDINGS
- 14. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE CARYATID SCULPTED FEMALE FIGURE SERVING AN ARCHITECTURAL SUPPORT TAKING THE PLACE OF A COLUMN. REPRESENTS THE WOMEN OF CARYAE WHO WERE DOOMED TO HARD LABOR ATLAS OR TELAMON MALE VERSION OF A CARYATID. ATLAS MALE FIGURE IN KNEELING POSITION TELAMON MALE FIGURE IN STANDING POSITION CANEPHORAE FEMALE SCULPTED WITH BASKET ON HER HEAD CARYATID CANEPHORAE ATLAS/ATLANTES PERIOD 2. HELLENIC PERIOD TELAMON
- 15. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE THE CLASSICAL ORDERS THE GREEK ARCHITECTURE USED SPECIFIC STYLES CALELD ORDERS. 3 TYPES OF ORDERS: DORIC IONIC CORINTHIAN DORIC ORDER MOST BASIC ORDER FIRST TO DEVELOP USED IN GREECE, SOUTHERN ITALY AND SICILY. 3 MAIN PARTS: STEPPED PLATFORM COLUMNS ENTABLATURE EXAMPLE STRUCTURE: PARTHENON, GREECE
- 16. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE THE CLASSICAL ORDERS THE GREEK ARCHITECTURE USED SPECIFIC STYLES CALELD ORDERS. 3 TYPES OF ORDERS: DORIC IONIC CORINTHIAN IONIC ORDER SECOND TO DEVELOPED IN IONIAN ISLAND (WESTERN TURKEY) FLUTED COLUMNS TYPICALLY MOLDED BASES. CAPITAL: SPIRAL VOLUTES. ENTABLATURE; CONSIST OF AN ARCHITRAVE OF 3 FASCIAS. A RICHLY ORNAMENTED FRIEZE EXAMPLE STRUCTURE: TEMPLE OF ATHENA NIKE ERECHTEUM, ACROPOLIS ATHENS
- 17. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE GREECE THE CLASSICAL ORDERS THE GREEK ARCHITECTURE USED SPECIFIC STYLES CALELD ORDERS. 3 TYPES OF ORDERS: DORIC IONIC CORINTHIAN CORINTHIAN ORDER NAMED AFTER THE CITY OF CORINTH, WHERE SCULPTOR CALLIMACHUS SUPPOSEDLY INVENTED IT CAPITAL IS MORE ORNATE, CARVED WITH TWO TIERS OR CURLY ACANTHUS LEAVES. CHARACTERISTICS: SIMILAR TO IONIC BUT USUALLY SLENDER IN PROPORTIONS. CAPITAL: DEEP-BELL SHAPED DECORATED WITH ACANTHUS LEAVES