This document provides an overview of pre-historic, ancient Egyptian, classical Greek/Roman, medieval Byzantine/Romanesque/Gothic art. It describes key characteristics of paintings, sculptures, and architecture in each era. For pre-historic art, it highlights cave paintings found at Lascaux including images of the Great Hall of Bulls. Egyptian art is described as emphasizing the afterlife and preserving knowledge, with highly stylized paintings and sculptures following certain conventions. Classical Greek sculptures evolved to show human anatomy more clearly over time. Roman frescoes featured landscapes as a new development beyond Greek art. Byzantine art blended Greek and Oriental styles for Christian subjects in mosaics and architecture like Hagia Sophia. Roman

1. WESTERN
CLASSICAL
ART
TRADITION

2. ANCIENT ART
1,500,000BC – 2,000BC
PRE-HISTORIC
EGYPTIAN

3. PRE-HISTORIC

4. PRE-HISTORIC ERA
- Includes all human existence
before emergence of writing
- Understanding of early
human life and culture

5. PRE-HISTORIC ERA
- Found inside caves
- Way of communication
- Artifacts as human’s first
created art
- Animals usually correct in
proportion

6. PRE-HISTORIC ERA PAINTING
Cave of Lascaux

7. PRE-HISTORIC ERA PAINTING
Cave of Lascaux
Great Hall of the Bulls

8. PRE-HISTORIC ERA PAINTING
Cave of Lascaux
The Lateral Passage

9. PRE-HISTORIC ERA PAINTING
Cave of Lascaux
The Shaft of a Dead Man

10. PRE-HISTORIC ERA PAINTING
Cave of Lascaux
The Chamber of Engravings

11. PRE-HISTORIC ERA PAINTING
Cave of Lascaux
The Painted Gallery

12. PRE-HISTORIC ERA PAINTING
Cave of Lascaux
Chamber of Felines

13. PRE-HISTORIC ERA SCULPTURES
- Materials used vary
according to region and
locality
- Frequently carving may have
mythological or religious
significance

14. PRE-HISTORIC ERA SCULPTURE
Venus of Willendorf

15. PRE-HISTORIC ERA SCULPTURE
Venus of Brassempouy

16. PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE
- Megaliths (a big rock); Greek words
lithos (stone) and megas (big)
- Made of huge stone blocks intended
for burial
- Provided plenty of legends and
superstitions
- During this era, stones and rocks
were associated with DIVINITY

17. PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE
THREE MAIN TYPES of MEGALITH STONES
1. MENHIR – huge, vertically standing stone
on the ground, usually in the middle of the
field or arranged in rows
2. DOLMENS – stone table; form of table
consisting of two huge standing stones
supporting a horizontal giant stone;
believed as grave or altar
3. CROMLECH – circle of standing stones

18. PRE-HISTORIC ERA ARCHITECTURE
MENHIR

19. PRE-HISTORIC ERA ARCHITECTURE
DOLMENS

20. PRE-HISTORIC ERA ARCHITECTURE
CROMLECH

21. EGYPTIAN

22. EGYPTIAN
- Make deceased afterlife
place pleasant
- Themes include journey to
the underworld by their
protective deities

23. EGYPTIAN
- Emphasizes the importance
of life after death and the
preservation of the
knowledge of the past

24. EGYPTIAN
- Highly stylized, symbolic,
and shows profile view of an
animal or a person
- Main colors: red, black, blue,
gold, and green

25. EGYPTIAN PAINTING
Paintings from Sarcophagus
of Tutankhamen XVIII dynasty

26. EGYPTIAN PAINTING
Paintings from Sarcophagus
of Tutankhamen XVIII dynasty

27. EGYPTIAN ERA SCULPTURES
- Symbolic elements such as
forms, hieroglyphics, relative
size, location, materials, color,
actions, and gestures were
widely used
- Most common materials used:
wood, ivory and stones

28. EGYPTIAN ERA SCULPTURES
CHARACTERISTICS of the SCULPTURES
1. Symbolisms were heavily used to represent the gods.
2. Relief compositions were arranged in horizontal lines
3. Gods were shown larger than humans, kings larger
than their followers, dead larger than the living
4. Empty spaces were filled with figures or hieroglyphics
5. All individual components were all brought to the
plane of representation and laid out as writing

29. EGYPTIAN ERA SCULPTURE
Queen Nefertiti
painted limestone

30. EGYPTIAN ERA SCULPTURE
The Pharoah Menkaure
and his Queen,
stone

31. EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
- Developed during the pre-
dynastic period 4,000BC

32. EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Has thick sloping walls with few openings
for stability
2. All walls, columns and piers are covered
with hieroglyphics
3. Ornamentations were symbolic
4. Temples were aligned with astronomically
significant events like solstices and
equinox with precise measurements

33. EGYPTIAN ERA ARCHITECTURE
Pyramids of Giza

34. EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
PYRAMIDS of GIZA
- Most substantial ancient structures of the
world
- Composed of 3 pyramids that are funerary
structures for the 3 kings of the 4th
dynasty: Khufu, Khafa and Menkaura
- Made highly confusing and with many
tunnels to create confusion for grave
robbers

35. EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
EGYPTIAN TEMPLES
- Built to serve as places for residence for
the gods
- Served as key center for economic activity
- Made of wood, reed matting and mud brick
- Walls were covered with scenes: Pharaoh
fighting in battles and performing rituals
with the gods

36. EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
MASTABA
- Egyptian tomb in form of a flat-roofed,
rectangular structure with outward
sloping sides
- Made of mud-bricks or stones

37. EGYPTIAN ERA ARCHITECTURE
Mastaba

38. ACTIVITY
ROCK MY WORLD
Materials:Flat rock of any shape
rocks with sharp edges
MUSIC & ARTS 9 BOOK
Pages 166 - 167
To be submitted on: __________________

39. END OF
ANCIENT
ART
ERA

40. CLASSICAL ART
2,000BC – 400BC
GREEK
ROMAN

41. CLASSICAL
GREEK

42. CLASSICAL GREEK ERA
- Most commonly found in
vases, panels and tomb
- Depict natural figures
- Subjects: battle scenes,
mythological figures and
everyday scenes

43. CLASSICAL GREEK ERA
- Linear perspective and
Naturalistic representation

44. CLASSICAL GREEK ERA
MOST COMMON METHODS of PAINTING
FRESCO – water-based pigments on a
freshly applied plaster on walls. Ideals
for murals, durable and matte style.
ENCAUSTIC – developed by Greek ship
builders, used hot wax to fill cracks of
the ships. Pigments were added and
used to paint a wax hull.

45. CLASSICAL GREEK PAINTING
Fresco Painting

46. CLASSICAL GREEK PAINTING
Encaustic Painting

47. VASE PAINTING
KERCH STYLE – also referred as KERCH
VASES are red, figured pottery
Shapes commonly found are:
1. Pelike (wine container)
2. Lekanis (a low bowl with two horizontal
handles and a low broad foot)
3. Lebes Gamikos (with high handles and lid
use to carry bridal bath)
4. Krater (bowl use for mixing wine and water

48. CLASSICAL GREEK PAINTING
KERCH VASE
PELIKE

49. KERCH VASE
LEKANIS
CLASSICAL GREEK PAINTING

50. KERCH VASE
LEBES GAMIKOS
CLASSICAL GREEK PAINTING

51. KERCH VASE
KRATER
CLASSICAL GREEK PAINTING

52. KERCH VASES
- Common motifs: life of women,
mythological beings popular among the
people of the black sea, scene from a
mythical story or event
- Uses the technique POLYCROMY, a
combination of different colors especially
the brilliant ones in an artistic manner

53. PROJECT in ARTS
KERCH VASE
To be submitted on: __________________

54. PANEL PAINTING
- Paintings on flat panels of wood
- It can be either small, single-pieced
or several panels joined together
- Most of it doesn’t exist anymore
because of its organic composition

55. CLASSICAL GREEK PAINTING
Panel Painting
Pitsa Panel

56. TOMB / WALL PAINTING
- Popular during the classical period
- Uses the method frescos in either
TEMPERA (water-based) or ENCAUSTIC
(wax)
- Sharp, flatly outlined style of painting
- Only few samples survived
- Painting using a true fresco technique with
limestone mortar
- Depicts symposium scene on the wall

57. CLASSICAL GREEK PAINTING
Tomb / Wall Painting
Tomb of the Diver

58. CLASSIC GREEK SCULPTURES
- Tensed and stiff, body were
hidden within enfolding robes
- After 3 centuries, it evolved and
showed all the points of human
anatomy and proportion

59. CLASSIC GREEK SCULPTURES
HELLENISTIC style – preference in
sculpture for more elaborated
patterns, mannered arrangement of
figures and groups, and an
emphasis on the representation of
movement for dramatic effects.

60. CLASSICAL GREEK ERA SCULPTURE
Myron;
The Discobulus

61. CLASSICAL GREEK ARCHITECTURE
- Temples consisted of a central shrine
or room in an aisle surrounded by
rows of columns
- Buildings were designed in one of
three architectural style or order:
DORIC, IONIC and CORINTHIAN

62. CLASSICAL GREEK ARCHITECTURE
- The Greatest Classical temple,
ingeniously engineered to correct an
optical illusion
- Columns were slightly contorted,
swollen at the center and leaning
inwards; to correct the impression of
deadness and top heaviness
THE PARTHENON

63. CLASSICAL GREEK ERA ARCHITECTURE
The Parthenon

64. CLASSICAL
ROMAN

65. CLASSIC ROMAN ERA
- Most painting were copied from
Hellenic Greek paintings
- Fresco techniques was used in
brightly colored backgrounds;
division of the wall into a multiple
rectangular areas (tic-tac-toe
design); multi-point perspective; and
tropme-l’-oeil effect.

66. CLASSIC ROMAN ERA
- Roman paintings have a wide variety
of subjects, animals, everyday life, still
life, mythological subjects, portraits
and landscapes
- Development of LANDSCAPE
painting is the main innovation of
Roman painting from Greek painting

67. CLASSICAL ROMAN PAINTING Fresco
Fresco from the Villa of Mysteries

68. CLASSICAL ROMAN PAINTING Fresco
Boscotrecase, Pompeii

69. MOSAIC
- An art process where image is
created using an assemblage of small
pieces of colored glass, stones, or
other materials.
- Used for decorative art or interior
decorations

70. CLASSICAL ROMAN PAINTING MOSAIC
Head of Alexander

71. CLASSIC ROMAN SCULPTURES
- Made of monumental terra-cotta
- Produced reliefs in the Great
Roman triumphal columns with
continuous narrative reliefs
around

72. CLASSICAL ROMAN ERA SCULPTURE
The Portonacio Sarcophagus

73. CLASSICAL ROMAN ERA SCULPTURE
Sarcopagus, from cervetiri

74. CLASSICAL ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
- Sturdy stone structures both for use
and to perpetuate their glory
- Emperors erected huge halls and
arenas for public games, baths, and
procession
- Built with gigantic arches of stones,
bricks and concrete or with barrel
vaults

75. CLASSICAL ROMAN ERA ARCHITECTURE
The Colosseum

76. ACTIVITY
MOSAIC
GREETING CARDS
MUSIC & ARTS 9 BOOK
Pages 172 - 173
To be submitted on: __________________

77. END OF
CLASSICAL
ART
ERA

78. MEDIEVAL ART
400BC – 1,400AD
BYZANTINE
ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC

79. BYZANTINE

80. BYZANTINE PAINTING
- Lively styles of painting which has
been invented in Greek and Rome lived
on the Byzantium but this time for
Christian subjects
- Greek and Oriental styles blend
together in magnificent, imposing
images, which adorned the churches in
large and small forms

81. BYZANTINE PAINTING MOSAIC
The Court of Empress Theodora

82. BYZANTINE PAINTING MOSAIC
Empress Theodora

83. BYZANTINE SCULPTURES
- Dominant theme: religious,
everyday life scenes and motifs
from nature
- Animals were used as symbols
while some had acrostic signs
that contained a great theological
significance

84. BYZANTINE ERA SCULPTURE
The Barberini Diptych

85. BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
- Has a lot in common with early
Christian architecture
- Mosaic decoration was perfected as
was the use of clerestory to bring light
in from high windows

86. BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
HAGIA SOPHIA
- meaning Holy Wisdom
- Narrates how a magnificent
construction transformed from being a
church into a mosque into a museum
- One of the biggest domes ever created

87. BYZANTINE ERA ARCHITECTURE
Hagia Sophia

88. ROMANESQUE

89. ROMANESQUE PAINTING
- Largely placed mosaics on the walls
of the churches that follow a strict
frontal pose
- Mozarabic influence – elongated oval
faces, large staring eyes and long
noses, figures against flat colored
bands and heavy outlining

90. ROMANESQUE PAINTING MOSAIC
Christ in Majesty

91. ROMANESQUE SCULPTURES
- Famous pieces: reliquaries, altar
frontals, crucifixes and
devotional images
- Small works made of costly
materials for royal and
aristocratic patrons

92. ROMANESQUE ERA SCULPTURE
Last Judgement

93. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
- Romanesque’s churches have grand
sculpted doorways/ portals
- Wood or metal doors are surrounded
by elaborate stone sculptures
arranged in zones to fit architectural
elements.

94. ROMANESQUE ERA ARCHITECTURE
The groin-vaulted
crypt of
Worcester Cathedral

95. GOTHIC

96. GOTHIC ERA PAINTING
- Confined in the illumination of
manuscript pages and the painting of
frescoes on the walls of churches in
cosmopolitan style, elegant
mannered, and sophisticated

97. GOTHIC ERA PAINTING
Lady and the Unicorn tapestry

98. GOTHIC ERA PAINTING
The Shepherd David

99. STAINED GLASS WINDOWS
- Were created to transform the vast
stone interiors with warm and
glowing color and at the same time to
instruct Christians in their faith

100. GOTHIC ERA PAINTING
Rose window from
the North transcept
STAINED GLASS

101. GOTHIC SCULPTURES
- Have greater freedom of style
- No longer lay against walls but
begun to project outward
- Figures were given their own
particular attitude instead of
being set into particular patterns
- More lively and realistic

102. GOTHIC ERA SCULPTURE
Resurrection of the Virgin

103. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
- Design includes two new devices::
POINTED ARCH which enabled
builders to construct much higher
ceiling vaults and STONE VAULTING
borne on a network of stone ribs
supported by piers and clustered
pillars

104. GOTHIC ERA ARCHITECTURE
Cathedral of Chartres

105. ACTIVITY
LIGHT ME UP
MUSIC & ARTS 9 BOOK
Pages 168 - 170
To be submitted on: __________________

106. END OF
MEDIEVAL
ART
ERA

107. THANK YOU!!!
Prepare for your
UNIT TEST
on ___________