This is a presentation made by Sarthak Bhardwaj.This ppt tells about the World Nature Conservation Day.I hope that this presentation would educate the today's youth that how important environment is.
Role of individual in saving natural resourcesvardhamanece
The document summarizes different types of natural resources including forest resources, water resources, mineral resources, food resources, land resources, and energy resources. It discusses threats to each resource and potential remedies to control depletion. The six main natural resource types are forest resources which provide wood, oxygen, and commercial products; water resources which face pollution threats; mineral resources including metallic and non-metallic minerals; food resources from agriculture; land resources impacted by erosion; and energy resources including renewable and non-renewable sources. Controlling depletion involves practices like reforestation, pollution control, sustainable mining and farming, and increasing renewable energy use.
The document discusses natural resource management in India. It describes renewable and non-renewable natural resources and the need to properly manage resources due to increasing population. The Ganga Action Plan aimed to reduce pollution in the Ganga River from human and industrial waste as well as religious activities. The three R's of reduce, reuse, and recycle are important for environmental conservation. Forests and wildlife are valuable natural resources and various efforts like afforestation and protected areas aim to conserve them. Traditional and community-based approaches to forest management have also shown success in conservation.
Presentation on nature and wildlife conservationchandan badtay
This document discusses the importance of nature and wildlife conservation. It notes that nature provides essential resources but is being destroyed by human activities like industry and pollution. Wildlife is also threatened by habitat loss, poaching, and the wildlife trade. The presentation recommends ways to conserve nature like reducing waste, using renewable energy, and protecting natural habitats. It emphasizes the importance of wildlife for maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity. Strict laws and government protection agencies aim to curb poaching and protect endangered species. Overall, the document stresses the need for human efforts to conserve nature and wildlife.
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES - PPTRishabh Kanth
This document discusses natural resources and the need for conservation. It notes that natural resources are being depleted faster than they can be replenished. If consumption continues unchecked, key resources like water, oil, and forests will be depleted in the coming decades, leading to shortages and ecological harm. The document advocates for sustainable practices and population control to conserve resources for future generations.
Forest Conservation & Development Programmekpdn
The Forest Conservation & Development Programme (FCDP) was established by the Kalash People's Development Network to conserve forests in the Kalash valleys, which are threatened by timber mafias and deforestation. FCDP's objectives are to work with local communities and government departments on conservation efforts like reforestation, establish checkpoints to prevent illegal logging, and introduce alternative energy sources to reduce dependence on forest resources. The long-term goal is to protect the forest ecosystem and unique Kalash culture through sustainable management of the natural environment.
Conservation of natural resources and environmenthome
The document discusses the importance of conserving natural resources and various methods of doing so. It covers:
1) The definition of resources and need for conservation as populations and consumption grow. Conservation involves proper management to prevent exploitation and degradation.
2) Reasons for conservation include maintaining ecological balance, preserving biodiversity, and ensuring availability of resources for current and future generations.
3) Traditional Indian practices respected nature and conserved resources through sacred forests and groves, demonstrating conservation's long history.
4) Methods of conserving specific resources like soil, water, biodiversity, and forests. Legislation in India also aims to protect the environment and natural resources.
Role of an individual in conservation of natural resoursesJasmine Mariya
Individuals can play an important role in conserving natural resources through their daily habits and actions. Some ways individuals can contribute include using resources efficiently like minimizing water and energy use, practicing sustainable agriculture, and participating in community environmental initiatives like tree planting and beach cleanups. Conservation efforts at the individual level can help address issues like increasing population growth, industrialization, and improper resource utilization which are putting strain on the Earth's finite natural resources.
This is a presentation made by Sarthak Bhardwaj.This ppt tells about the World Nature Conservation Day.I hope that this presentation would educate the today's youth that how important environment is.
Role of individual in saving natural resourcesvardhamanece
The document summarizes different types of natural resources including forest resources, water resources, mineral resources, food resources, land resources, and energy resources. It discusses threats to each resource and potential remedies to control depletion. The six main natural resource types are forest resources which provide wood, oxygen, and commercial products; water resources which face pollution threats; mineral resources including metallic and non-metallic minerals; food resources from agriculture; land resources impacted by erosion; and energy resources including renewable and non-renewable sources. Controlling depletion involves practices like reforestation, pollution control, sustainable mining and farming, and increasing renewable energy use.
The document discusses natural resource management in India. It describes renewable and non-renewable natural resources and the need to properly manage resources due to increasing population. The Ganga Action Plan aimed to reduce pollution in the Ganga River from human and industrial waste as well as religious activities. The three R's of reduce, reuse, and recycle are important for environmental conservation. Forests and wildlife are valuable natural resources and various efforts like afforestation and protected areas aim to conserve them. Traditional and community-based approaches to forest management have also shown success in conservation.
Presentation on nature and wildlife conservationchandan badtay
This document discusses the importance of nature and wildlife conservation. It notes that nature provides essential resources but is being destroyed by human activities like industry and pollution. Wildlife is also threatened by habitat loss, poaching, and the wildlife trade. The presentation recommends ways to conserve nature like reducing waste, using renewable energy, and protecting natural habitats. It emphasizes the importance of wildlife for maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity. Strict laws and government protection agencies aim to curb poaching and protect endangered species. Overall, the document stresses the need for human efforts to conserve nature and wildlife.
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES - PPTRishabh Kanth
This document discusses natural resources and the need for conservation. It notes that natural resources are being depleted faster than they can be replenished. If consumption continues unchecked, key resources like water, oil, and forests will be depleted in the coming decades, leading to shortages and ecological harm. The document advocates for sustainable practices and population control to conserve resources for future generations.
Forest Conservation & Development Programmekpdn
The Forest Conservation & Development Programme (FCDP) was established by the Kalash People's Development Network to conserve forests in the Kalash valleys, which are threatened by timber mafias and deforestation. FCDP's objectives are to work with local communities and government departments on conservation efforts like reforestation, establish checkpoints to prevent illegal logging, and introduce alternative energy sources to reduce dependence on forest resources. The long-term goal is to protect the forest ecosystem and unique Kalash culture through sustainable management of the natural environment.
Conservation of natural resources and environmenthome
The document discusses the importance of conserving natural resources and various methods of doing so. It covers:
1) The definition of resources and need for conservation as populations and consumption grow. Conservation involves proper management to prevent exploitation and degradation.
2) Reasons for conservation include maintaining ecological balance, preserving biodiversity, and ensuring availability of resources for current and future generations.
3) Traditional Indian practices respected nature and conserved resources through sacred forests and groves, demonstrating conservation's long history.
4) Methods of conserving specific resources like soil, water, biodiversity, and forests. Legislation in India also aims to protect the environment and natural resources.
Role of an individual in conservation of natural resoursesJasmine Mariya
Individuals can play an important role in conserving natural resources through their daily habits and actions. Some ways individuals can contribute include using resources efficiently like minimizing water and energy use, practicing sustainable agriculture, and participating in community environmental initiatives like tree planting and beach cleanups. Conservation efforts at the individual level can help address issues like increasing population growth, industrialization, and improper resource utilization which are putting strain on the Earth's finite natural resources.
conservation of natural resources, water ,soil, and forestShilpa Srivastava
As resources are depleting at faster rate, so here are some methods to conserve natural resources as these are the means to satisfy many need of human life .
Natural resources occur naturally and include materials like rocks, minerals, soil, rivers, and plants and animals. They satisfy human needs and can be used to create value. Humans are also a resource because through developing skills, they can develop other resources by adding value to physical materials. Any material from the earth that is used by living things and satisfies human needs is considered a natural resource. Resources can be biotic, like forests and animals, or abiotic, like air and water. Some resources are renewable, like sunlight, while others are non-renewable.
The document discusses various types of natural resources and conservation. It defines renewable and non-renewable resources, with examples such as plants and animals being renewable while coal and petroleum being non-renewable. It then covers different types of conservation efforts, including water, soil, wetland, plant, and wildlife conservation. Energy conservation is also discussed as a way to balance energy needs with environmental impacts through solutions like alternative fuels.
The document discusses various topics related to biodiversity and preserving landscapes, including:
1) It provides an overview of world forests and their importance, as well as threats from deforestation facing tropical, boreal, and temperate forests.
2) It discusses issues affecting grasslands like overgrazing, and methods for protecting lands through parks and preserves on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
3) It covers challenges to conservation from threats like overuse, pollution, and unsustainable economic activities, and the need for ecosystem management and protected areas to maintain biodiversity.
The document discusses India's national forest policy and social forestry programs. The key goals of the forest policy are to preserve ecological balance, conserve natural forests and biodiversity, prevent soil erosion, and meet fuel and resource needs of rural populations. Social forestry aims to increase forest cover near villages through plantation on wastelands. It was implemented to boost fuel availability and prevent soil erosion. Mass media plays a vital role in raising awareness about various environmental issues across India.
The document discusses the biosphere, natural resources, and air pollution. It defines the biosphere as the regions of earth and atmosphere occupied by living organisms, including the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It categorizes natural resources as either inexhaustible like air and water or exhaustible renewable resources like forests and non-renewable resources like coal. It then discusses the composition of air and air pollution sources including particulate matter from both natural and human-made sources.
PPT ON FOREST CONSERVATION AND PROTECTIONSiva Shiva
Forest conservation involves maintaining and protecting forested areas through various steps such as afforestation, preventing forest fires, reducing overgrazing, and controlling activities that cause soil erosion. It also requires reducing air, water, and soil pollution, establishing forest nurseries, raising awareness about the importance of forests, properly implementing laws and guidelines from organizations like the World Wide Fund for Nature and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to protect forests. Celebrating an annual tree planting festival can help make forest conservation more popular and effective.
The document discusses the issues of deforestation and wildlife depletion. It states that deforestation is caused by logging, forest fires, and converting land to agriculture and housing projects, which leads to problems like soil erosion, floods, and loss of wildlife habitat. From 1990 to 2005, the world lost 3% of its forests. The United Nations and states are working to curb deforestation through sustainable forest management and reducing deforestation. Reforestation efforts and limits on logging can help address the problems. Wildlife depletion is caused by loss of natural habitat due to urbanization and overhunting of animals for food, trade, and pleasure. Destruction of wetlands and monoculture forests also threatens biodiversity.
This document discusses forest conservation and deforestation. It notes that forest conservation involves maintaining forests for future generations by increasing forest area, stopping overgrazing, and properly managing animal populations. Deforestation is the removal of many trees, often damaging the land. It occurs to use wood for construction, clear land for crops or buildings, and has negative effects like loss of food/habitat, floods, and drought. The document profiles conservation heroes like Jim Corbett and Jadav Payeng and notes forests provide resources like fuel, food, medicine, and fresh water.
Deforestation is occurring at alarming rates globally and having significant negative impacts. Logging and expanding agriculture are the primary drivers of deforestation, opening up forests and increasing emissions. Deforestation is destroying habitats and reducing biodiversity as many species only live in forests. It is also disrupting the climate by reducing the forests that act as carbon sinks and releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere through decomposition. Urgent action is needed to reduce deforestation and protect the valuable resources and species in forests.
Land resources (forest and minerals) & biodiversityankitaki02
this presentation includes all the different aspects of land resources with their different types including forest and mineral resources and apart from this the presentation also contains a vivid description of biodiversity with their benefits and a clip showing threats to this and their impact on environment.
Role of individuals in preserving natural resorces by sirishavardhamanece
This document discusses various types of natural resources including forest resources, water resources, mineral resources, food resources, and land resources. It emphasizes the importance of conserving and sustainably managing these resources. Key points include preventing deforestation, conducting reforestation efforts, developing alternatives to scarce minerals, increasing food crop productivity, using renewable energy sources, and implementing soil and water conservation techniques like terracing and contour plowing.
This document discusses natural resources and the importance of conserving them. It defines natural resources as materials from Earth that are useful for human needs. Resources are categorized as renewable, like trees and plants, or non-renewable, like coal and oil. As populations grow, consumption of resources is increasing, so proper management is needed to avoid scarcity. The document urges conservation to maintain ecological balance, preserve resources for future generations, and ensure resources remain available.
This course covers the fundamentals of ecology and biodiversity. It is divided into 6 units that will introduce students to key concepts like ecosystems, population ecology, community ecology, and conservation biology. Students will learn about forest environments, nutrient cycling, species interactions, succession, and methods for measuring biodiversity. They will also examine threats to biodiversity like deforestation, overexploitation, and climate change, as well as efforts to conserve biodiversity both in India and worldwide. The course aims to provide students with an understanding of basic ecological principles and the importance of protecting biodiversity.
- Natural resources are any stock or reserve that can be drawn from nature. They include air, water, forests, coal, minerals, soil and more.
- Resources are classified as renewable (can regenerate within a given time like forests) or non-renewable (cannot regenerate like coal).
- Forests are a key natural resource that provide timber, fuel, fruits, medicines and help regulate climate, soil and water resources. However, deforestation due to various factors threatens biodiversity and the environment.
This document discusses the importance of trees and the problems caused by deforestation. It defines deforestation as the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas. The main causes of deforestation are listed as cutting down trees, forest fires, industrialization, commercial plantation, and urbanization. Deforestation leads to issues like climate change, natural disasters, soil erosion, and reduced biodiversity. Afforestation and social forestry are proposed as solutions. The document emphasizes that future generations will suffer if deforestation continues and calls for efforts to plant trees and stop deforestation.
The document discusses the causes and effects of deforestation. It identifies the three main drivers of deforestation as agriculture, wood use, and roads. Deforestation is occurring rapidly to meet demands for increased food production, fuel, and development. Alternative approaches are needed to address these needs in a sustainable manner and reduce pressure on forests.
Environmental science Module 1 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
Here are three ways humans can conserve water according to the documents:
1) Take shorter showers of 5 minutes or less to save 1000 gallons of water per month.
2) Use cold water instead of hot water for tasks like washing clothes and hands to conserve energy.
3) Turn off the faucet while brushing teeth or washing hands to avoid wasting running water.
The document discusses sustainable management of natural resources like forests, water, and fossil fuels. It emphasizes the three R's of reduce, reuse, and recycle to conserve resources. Forests and water resources need to be managed equitably and sustainably for current and future generations. Dams provide water but can displace people and harm the environment. Harvesting rainwater and watershed management are better alternatives. Coal and petroleum are important energy sources but also cause pollution when burned. Individual actions like using public transit, efficient lighting, and reducing heating/cooling can help conserve resources. Overall sustainable management of natural resources requires a long-term perspective and equitable access for all people.
Geographies of Evasion and the Prospects for REDDSIANI
This study was presented during the conference “Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa ” held in September, 2010.
Agroforestry SystemsComplex or worse? by Clas Andersson, Dept. of Energy and...SIANI
This document discusses the complexity of agroforestry systems. It notes that agroforestry involves interactions between many different fields, like social, ecological, economic and political factors. It is difficult to consider any specific context of agroforestry without involving these other interconnected factors. The document suggests that while agroforestry is complicated due to these interactions, it also exhibits emergent properties and patterns that are characteristics of complex systems. It proposes that agroforestry may represent a new class of "wicked" systems that defy characterization by existing theories of complexity or simplicity.
conservation of natural resources, water ,soil, and forestShilpa Srivastava
As resources are depleting at faster rate, so here are some methods to conserve natural resources as these are the means to satisfy many need of human life .
Natural resources occur naturally and include materials like rocks, minerals, soil, rivers, and plants and animals. They satisfy human needs and can be used to create value. Humans are also a resource because through developing skills, they can develop other resources by adding value to physical materials. Any material from the earth that is used by living things and satisfies human needs is considered a natural resource. Resources can be biotic, like forests and animals, or abiotic, like air and water. Some resources are renewable, like sunlight, while others are non-renewable.
The document discusses various types of natural resources and conservation. It defines renewable and non-renewable resources, with examples such as plants and animals being renewable while coal and petroleum being non-renewable. It then covers different types of conservation efforts, including water, soil, wetland, plant, and wildlife conservation. Energy conservation is also discussed as a way to balance energy needs with environmental impacts through solutions like alternative fuels.
The document discusses various topics related to biodiversity and preserving landscapes, including:
1) It provides an overview of world forests and their importance, as well as threats from deforestation facing tropical, boreal, and temperate forests.
2) It discusses issues affecting grasslands like overgrazing, and methods for protecting lands through parks and preserves on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
3) It covers challenges to conservation from threats like overuse, pollution, and unsustainable economic activities, and the need for ecosystem management and protected areas to maintain biodiversity.
The document discusses India's national forest policy and social forestry programs. The key goals of the forest policy are to preserve ecological balance, conserve natural forests and biodiversity, prevent soil erosion, and meet fuel and resource needs of rural populations. Social forestry aims to increase forest cover near villages through plantation on wastelands. It was implemented to boost fuel availability and prevent soil erosion. Mass media plays a vital role in raising awareness about various environmental issues across India.
The document discusses the biosphere, natural resources, and air pollution. It defines the biosphere as the regions of earth and atmosphere occupied by living organisms, including the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It categorizes natural resources as either inexhaustible like air and water or exhaustible renewable resources like forests and non-renewable resources like coal. It then discusses the composition of air and air pollution sources including particulate matter from both natural and human-made sources.
PPT ON FOREST CONSERVATION AND PROTECTIONSiva Shiva
Forest conservation involves maintaining and protecting forested areas through various steps such as afforestation, preventing forest fires, reducing overgrazing, and controlling activities that cause soil erosion. It also requires reducing air, water, and soil pollution, establishing forest nurseries, raising awareness about the importance of forests, properly implementing laws and guidelines from organizations like the World Wide Fund for Nature and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to protect forests. Celebrating an annual tree planting festival can help make forest conservation more popular and effective.
The document discusses the issues of deforestation and wildlife depletion. It states that deforestation is caused by logging, forest fires, and converting land to agriculture and housing projects, which leads to problems like soil erosion, floods, and loss of wildlife habitat. From 1990 to 2005, the world lost 3% of its forests. The United Nations and states are working to curb deforestation through sustainable forest management and reducing deforestation. Reforestation efforts and limits on logging can help address the problems. Wildlife depletion is caused by loss of natural habitat due to urbanization and overhunting of animals for food, trade, and pleasure. Destruction of wetlands and monoculture forests also threatens biodiversity.
This document discusses forest conservation and deforestation. It notes that forest conservation involves maintaining forests for future generations by increasing forest area, stopping overgrazing, and properly managing animal populations. Deforestation is the removal of many trees, often damaging the land. It occurs to use wood for construction, clear land for crops or buildings, and has negative effects like loss of food/habitat, floods, and drought. The document profiles conservation heroes like Jim Corbett and Jadav Payeng and notes forests provide resources like fuel, food, medicine, and fresh water.
Deforestation is occurring at alarming rates globally and having significant negative impacts. Logging and expanding agriculture are the primary drivers of deforestation, opening up forests and increasing emissions. Deforestation is destroying habitats and reducing biodiversity as many species only live in forests. It is also disrupting the climate by reducing the forests that act as carbon sinks and releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere through decomposition. Urgent action is needed to reduce deforestation and protect the valuable resources and species in forests.
Land resources (forest and minerals) & biodiversityankitaki02
this presentation includes all the different aspects of land resources with their different types including forest and mineral resources and apart from this the presentation also contains a vivid description of biodiversity with their benefits and a clip showing threats to this and their impact on environment.
Role of individuals in preserving natural resorces by sirishavardhamanece
This document discusses various types of natural resources including forest resources, water resources, mineral resources, food resources, and land resources. It emphasizes the importance of conserving and sustainably managing these resources. Key points include preventing deforestation, conducting reforestation efforts, developing alternatives to scarce minerals, increasing food crop productivity, using renewable energy sources, and implementing soil and water conservation techniques like terracing and contour plowing.
This document discusses natural resources and the importance of conserving them. It defines natural resources as materials from Earth that are useful for human needs. Resources are categorized as renewable, like trees and plants, or non-renewable, like coal and oil. As populations grow, consumption of resources is increasing, so proper management is needed to avoid scarcity. The document urges conservation to maintain ecological balance, preserve resources for future generations, and ensure resources remain available.
This course covers the fundamentals of ecology and biodiversity. It is divided into 6 units that will introduce students to key concepts like ecosystems, population ecology, community ecology, and conservation biology. Students will learn about forest environments, nutrient cycling, species interactions, succession, and methods for measuring biodiversity. They will also examine threats to biodiversity like deforestation, overexploitation, and climate change, as well as efforts to conserve biodiversity both in India and worldwide. The course aims to provide students with an understanding of basic ecological principles and the importance of protecting biodiversity.
- Natural resources are any stock or reserve that can be drawn from nature. They include air, water, forests, coal, minerals, soil and more.
- Resources are classified as renewable (can regenerate within a given time like forests) or non-renewable (cannot regenerate like coal).
- Forests are a key natural resource that provide timber, fuel, fruits, medicines and help regulate climate, soil and water resources. However, deforestation due to various factors threatens biodiversity and the environment.
This document discusses the importance of trees and the problems caused by deforestation. It defines deforestation as the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas. The main causes of deforestation are listed as cutting down trees, forest fires, industrialization, commercial plantation, and urbanization. Deforestation leads to issues like climate change, natural disasters, soil erosion, and reduced biodiversity. Afforestation and social forestry are proposed as solutions. The document emphasizes that future generations will suffer if deforestation continues and calls for efforts to plant trees and stop deforestation.
The document discusses the causes and effects of deforestation. It identifies the three main drivers of deforestation as agriculture, wood use, and roads. Deforestation is occurring rapidly to meet demands for increased food production, fuel, and development. Alternative approaches are needed to address these needs in a sustainable manner and reduce pressure on forests.
Environmental science Module 1 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
Here are three ways humans can conserve water according to the documents:
1) Take shorter showers of 5 minutes or less to save 1000 gallons of water per month.
2) Use cold water instead of hot water for tasks like washing clothes and hands to conserve energy.
3) Turn off the faucet while brushing teeth or washing hands to avoid wasting running water.
The document discusses sustainable management of natural resources like forests, water, and fossil fuels. It emphasizes the three R's of reduce, reuse, and recycle to conserve resources. Forests and water resources need to be managed equitably and sustainably for current and future generations. Dams provide water but can displace people and harm the environment. Harvesting rainwater and watershed management are better alternatives. Coal and petroleum are important energy sources but also cause pollution when burned. Individual actions like using public transit, efficient lighting, and reducing heating/cooling can help conserve resources. Overall sustainable management of natural resources requires a long-term perspective and equitable access for all people.
Geographies of Evasion and the Prospects for REDDSIANI
This study was presented during the conference “Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa ” held in September, 2010.
Agroforestry SystemsComplex or worse? by Clas Andersson, Dept. of Energy and...SIANI
This document discusses the complexity of agroforestry systems. It notes that agroforestry involves interactions between many different fields, like social, ecological, economic and political factors. It is difficult to consider any specific context of agroforestry without involving these other interconnected factors. The document suggests that while agroforestry is complicated due to these interactions, it also exhibits emergent properties and patterns that are characteristics of complex systems. It proposes that agroforestry may represent a new class of "wicked" systems that defy characterization by existing theories of complexity or simplicity.
Integrating forest and farm for food security and climate resilience by Dr. N...SIANI
This document discusses how agroforestry may help address food security concerns under climate change in Nepal. It notes that Nepal has a large agricultural and forested land area but many policies discourage integration of forests and farming. The document analyzes several Nepalese agroforestry systems and policies that restrict growing food crops in community forests. It argues this narrow view of forests undermines sustainability and food security. The document advocates for more supportive policies and tenure systems to enhance forest-farm linkages and sustainability.
This document discusses the potential for agroforestry to help address challenges of the 21st century related to increasing global needs for food, energy, and environmental sustainability. It notes projections for increases in global population, food and energy demands, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity loss. Agroforestry is presented as a land use approach that can help balance production and conservation goals. The document reviews how various temperate agroforestry practices such as silvopasture, alley cropping, riparian buffers, and windbreaks can contribute to food security, rural prosperity, energy security, environmental benefits like carbon sequestration and water quality improvement, and biodiversity conservation when implemented on a large scale in North America
Long-term sustainability of agricultural systems requires that soils stay productive and that necessary inputs remain available in the future
- Soil loss occurs more rapidly than soil creation in many agricultural landscapes, and the soil that remains declines in quality
- One-way fertilizer nutrient flows simultaneously cause pollution and scarcity
- E.g., Phosphorus: essential plant nutrient; expected to become increasingly expensive to mine and process; at the same time, P runoff causes eutrophication of water bodies.
Agroforestry practices can help sustain hill field cultivation and productivity for small upland farms. Contour hedgerows with nitrogen-fixing trees and food crops can conserve soils on steep slopes and improve soil fertility. Alley cropping with mixed plantings of crops like papaya, pineapple, and tea within hedgerows provides soil conservation while also producing edible and marketable products. However, maintaining hedgerows requires labor and limited land, so alternatives that integrate soil-improving legumes into hill field crops are also discussed to enhance soil fertility without consuming as much land. Overall, agroforestry approaches aim to support sustainable agriculture through soil conservation, improvement, and diversified production.
1) The document discusses how agroforestry and community forestry can help mitigate climate change and promote sustainable green communities. It outlines various agroforestry systems that combine trees, crops, and livestock.
2) Benefits of agroforestry include reducing poverty and hunger, improving food security and nutrition, providing medicinal plants, and countering global warming. Community forests can be established using agroforestry methods.
3) Scaling up agroforestry and community forestry programs and linking them to climate change initiatives like REDD+ can help create sustainable green communities that protect the environment, support local economies and agriculture, and maximize renewable resources.
Oregon State University has a long history in agroforestry education and research. It offers undergraduate and graduate courses and degrees related to agroforestry through its Colleges of Forestry and Agricultural Sciences. These colleges conduct research on various agroforestry practices and systems applicable in Oregon and internationally. OSU faculty also collaborate on agroforestry development projects around the world focused on topics like education, watershed management, and poverty alleviation.
The document discusses integrative agroforestry science and provides perspectives on several topics:
- It outlines 10 building blocks of agroforestry including tree cover transitions, knowledge systems, the Sustainable Development Goals, and more.
- It discusses three paradigms of agroforestry science and different theories including the Theory of Place, Theory of Change, and Theory of Induced Change.
- It examines issues around evidence, political ecology, and the challenges of removing endogeneity from impact assessments in social-ecological systems.
This document provides guidance for policymakers on developing policies to promote agroforestry. It explains that agroforestry integrates trees into crop and livestock production, providing economic, social and environmental benefits. However, agroforestry remains underutilized due to various barriers. The document outlines 10 policy actions that can help mainstream agroforestry, including raising awareness, revising land policies, providing incentives, developing markets, and ensuring stakeholder participation. Case studies from around the world illustrate successful agroforestry policies and programs. The overall aim is to establish enabling conditions that recognize agroforestry's contributions to development.
Agroforestry adaptation and mitigation options for smallholder farmers vulner...Joanna Hicks
This document discusses how agroforestry can help smallholder farmers adapt to and mitigate climate change effects. It finds that agroforestry systems can buffer farmers against increasing temperatures, variable precipitation, and extreme weather by regulating microclimates and conserving water and soil resources. Agroforestry also sequesters carbon in trees and soil, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. Implementing agroforestry can thus increase farmers' resilience to climate change while also providing livelihood and mitigation co-benefits.
The document discusses different container handling systems including chassis systems, straddle carrier direct systems, yard gantry systems, complex combination systems, and lift truck systems. It notes the advantages and disadvantages of each system, such as chassis systems requiring a large area but providing easy access, while straddle carriers have flexibility but long travel distances. The document concludes by mentioning the time requirements for different equipment were ignored.
This document is the portfolio of Gábor Karcis, a media designer based in Budapest, Hungary. It outlines his education background, skills, theater and performance works, exhibitions and installations, and contact information. Some of his notable projects include complex media design, mapping, and animation for performances at Müpa Budapest and Trafó House of Contemporary Art. He has also created installations for exhibitions in Shanghai, Paris, and Budapest.
The document discusses Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, a law firm specializing in commercial law including securities, venture capital, and mergers and acquisitions. The firm has extensive experience advising on SPAC IPOs and mergers, having worked on over 50 SPACs raising nearly $2 billion total. The document provides an overview of what a SPAC is, the advantages for investors and sponsors, typical SPAC deal structures, and the firm's role in the SPAC process from inception through the acquisition target search and merger.
Active International is a global leader in corporate trade that has been in business for 29 years. They have 525 employees globally and offices in 13 countries. They have an annual gross trading volume of approximately $1.4 billion. Their business involves restoring value on clients' inventory, equipment, real estate, or other assets by buying them and allowing payment in trade credits that can be used to purchase operating expenses through their network of over 1,500 trading partners across categories like media, travel, print, and freight. This provides clients financial benefits like higher asset values, lower cash outlays, and reduced carrying costs.
The School of Physical Sciences offers degree programmes at undergraduate and postgraduate level. Access to our Undergraduate degrees is by application to the Central Applications Office (CAO) or the International Office Directly for non EU applicants. The school also offers taught and research postgraduate degrees. Please see the online prospectus at the links on the left and check out our research profile and opportunities.
West Weald Landscape Project Conference: Working with the WWLP partner's pers...Sussex Wildlife Trust
This document outlines the vision, mission, and purpose of an organization called The Woodland Trust. Their vision is for the UK to have abundant native woods and trees that are enjoyed by all. Their mission is to realize the environmental, social, and economic benefits of woods and trees by creating new woodlands, protecting existing woodlands like ancient woodlands, and restoring damaged woodlands. Their purpose is to champion trees and woods, inspire support for their cause, care for and create woods themselves and through partners, and be a trusted resource for woodland conservation.
West Weald Landscape Project Conference: Working with the wwlp - a partner's ...Sussex Wildlife Trust
This document outlines the vision, mission, and purpose of an organization called The Woodland Trust. Their vision is for the UK to have abundant native woods and trees that are enjoyed by all. Their mission is to realize the environmental, social, and economic benefits of woods and trees by creating new woodlands, protecting existing woodlands like ancient woodlands, and restoring damaged woodlands. Their purpose is to champion trees and woods, inspire support for their cause, care for and create woods themselves and through partners, and be a trusted resource for woodland conservation.
The document analyzes the loss of tidal wetlands in New York from 1880 to 2000 based on a study by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, finding a 48% loss from the 1880s to 2000 and an additional 19% loss from 1970 to present despite protective legislation passed in the 1970s, indicating wetland decline continues to be a problem. It discusses how wetlands provide important ecosystem services like habitat for marine organisms and nutrient cycling. The main cause of ongoing wetland loss is increased amounts of open water on marsh surfaces due to excess nitrogen leading to the wetland's demise, though laws in the 1970s aimed to protect from draining and filling wet
This document discusses various technologies and strategies for forests to adapt to and mitigate climate change. It provides background on the importance of forests, describing how many people rely on them and the ecosystem services they provide. It then covers specific forest types like natural forests, peat forests, and plantations. The document discusses the role of agroforestry in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions regionally. It also examines the impacts of climate change on land cover and strategies for forest adaptation, including establishing objectives and managing forests to reduce vulnerability.
WWF's Earth Hour campaign started in 2007 and has grown to involve over 7,000 cities in more than 160 countries. For Earth Hour 2015, over 70 countries took climate action in the lead-up to the Paris climate summit. WWF also campaigns to protect oceans like the Great Barrier Reef from threats such as port dredging, and to reduce illegal wildlife trade by supporting anti-poaching efforts in countries like Nepal, Thailand, and India. WWF works to conserve species ranging from tigers and pandas to sharks and rays. The organization also addresses issues like climate change, sustainable seafood, and reducing humanity's ecological footprint.
The Living Planet Report is published every two years by WWF and ZSL. It assesses the health of the planet by examining trends in global biodiversity and habitat availability. The 2020 LPR found a 68% decline in average population sizes of mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and fish between 1970 and 2016. This decline is threatening ecosystems and the services they provide. The report also found climate change and biodiversity loss to be interconnected crises, with each threatening the other in a vicious cycle. Urgent global action is needed to protect nature and bend the curve on biodiversity decline to safeguard life on Earth.
The document is a summary of the Living Planet Report 2012 published by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). It discusses two main indicators used in the report - the Living Planet Index, which shows a decline of 52% in vertebrate populations between 1970-2010, and the Ecological Footprint, which shows humanity uses 50% more than what Earth can renew. It also discusses the main threats to biodiversity as being agricultural expansion, forestry, fishing and climate change. The report calls for action in several areas like preserving natural capital, sustainable production and consumption, equitable governance of resources, and redirecting financial flows to value nature.
Multidisciplinary nature of enviromental studies.pptx by Jeel DobariyaJeelDobariya2
Welcome to a comprehensive exploration of the multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies! In this engaging PowerPoint presentation, we delve into the interconnectedness of various disciplines and their contributions to our understanding of the environment.
Discover how fields such as ecology, sociology, economics, geography, and more intersect and collaborate to address complex environmental challenges. we uncover the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in promoting sustainable solutions.
By attending this presentation, you will gain insights into the multidimensional aspects of environmental studies and how collaboration across disciplines can lead to more effective environmental solutions.
Tags:
Environmental Studies, Multidisciplinary Approach, Sociology, Economics, Geography, Sustainability, Interconnectedness, Environmental Challenges, Technological Innovations, Ecosystem Services, Environmental Conservation.
Key Topics Covered:
Ecological Perspectives: Uncover the intricate relationships between organisms, ecosystems, and the environment.
Social Dimensions: Examine the social and cultural influences on environmental attitudes and behaviors.
Economic Considerations: Explore the economic impacts of environmental degradation and the value of ecosystem services.
Policy and Governance: Understand the role of policies, laws, and international agreements in shaping environmental management.
Technological Innovations: Learn about cutting-edge technologies and their applications in environmental conservation and mitigation.
The document summarizes the causes and effects of deforestation. It notes that around 11,000 years ago, 60% of the Earth was covered in forests but now only 1/5 remains due to clearing for various uses. Deforestation results in damage to habitats and biodiversity loss. It disrupts the water cycle and causes issues like soil erosion, flooding, and drought. Large amounts of carbon dioxide are also released into the atmosphere from burned or rotting trees. Reforestation efforts are needed to mitigate the effects of deforestation.
Mangrove Restoration to Advance Climate Solutions RILearn
The document discusses the challenges of preserving and restoring mangrove forests. It notes that mangroves are being lost due to conversion to shrimp farms and agriculture, harvesting for firewood, coastal development, and waste dumping. This has resulted in a 50% loss of global mangroves over 50 years. Mangrove restoration is difficult as it aims to approximate original ecosystems and their services. Community participation is important for reclaiming ecological and economic benefits of mangroves. Monitoring is also needed to ensure sustainability of restoration efforts.
What is deforestation? Details on historical background, areas of concern,effects on the environment and ecological community, ongoing conservation efforts, possible solutions, and much more, with pictures.
Prolonged Droughts. Westnile and Northern Uganda on Fire. An article featured...Dr. Joshua Zake
I recently retrieved this article earlier published in the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) News in June 2011.
Unregulated bush burning is still a major challenge globally, nationally and locally. It’s associated with destruction and loss.
In this article the experiences of unregulated bush burning, particularly in West Nile and Northern Uganda is presented and discussed while suggesting some practical recommendations to deal with the issue.
Presentation on International Forest Day 2020 Md Najmus SakibMdNajmusSakib
Md. Najmus Sakib is the District Team Leader of Climate Finance Transparency Mechanism Project of COAST Trust. He presented the presentation on International Forest Day 2020 at the Department of Forest, Patuakhali.
The document discusses the issue of deforestation. It notes that around 11,000 years ago, 60% of the Earth was covered in forests but now only about 1/5 of land has forests. Deforestation occurs for various reasons like using trees for fuel, clearing land for agriculture, and development. This removal of trees without replanting has led to damage of habitats, loss of biodiversity, increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, soil erosion, and degraded wastelands. Reforestation efforts are needed to counter the effects of deforestation.
The document summarizes the causes and effects of deforestation. It notes that 11,000 years ago, forests covered most of the Earth but now cover only one-fifth due to clearing for fuel, commodities, livestock, and settlements. Deforestation results in habitat loss, biodiversity loss, soil erosion, disrupted water cycles, increased flooding and drought, and climate change through reduced carbon storage. Efforts are needed to reduce dependency on forests, practice reforestation, and educate communities on sustainable forest management.
World Environment Day was celebrated virtually in 2020 with the theme of biodiversity. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted humanity's unhealthy relationship with nature and served as a warning about the consequences of expanding into wild spaces. Human activities have altered 75% of the earth's surface and contributed to nearly 1 million species facing extinction. Conservation efforts in India during the nationwide lockdown included community feeding initiatives for over 1,800 animals across various shelters. The presentation emphasized that nature provides half of global GDP and called for treating it with greater respect.
About 11,000 years ago, before humans learned agriculture, forests covered much of the Earth's land. Today, after widespread deforestation, forests cover only about one-fifth of the planet's surface. Deforestation occurs for many reasons like using trees for fuel, timber, or cleared land for livestock or agriculture. The large-scale removal of trees without replanting has damaged habitats and biodiversity while increasing carbon dioxide emissions and soil erosion. Currently 12 million hectares of forest are cleared annually.
Deforestation awareness of a great problem. Ghayth Dabbagh
This document defines and discusses deforestation. It begins by noting that forests cover 31% of land and provide vital benefits like oxygen, habitat, food, water and medicine for over 1.6 billion people. Deforestation is then defined as the removal of forests to convert land to non-forest use, like agriculture. The main causes of deforestation are clearing land for housing and agriculture as well as logging, mining and dams. The effects include increased erosion, disrupted water cycles, reduced biodiversity, economic impacts and climate change through greenhouse gas emissions. Solutions proposed are policies limiting deforestation, reforestation, supporting anti-deforestation groups, reducing paper usage and educating others.
Similar to Agroforestry – A way to address many needs! by Håkan Wirten, CEO WWF Sweden (20)
Pollination knowledge exchange for food, nutrition and livelihood security in...SIANI
Pollination knowledge exchange for food, nutrition and livelihood security in South and Southeast Asia. Lotta Fabricius Kristiansen, National Competence Centre for Advisory Services, SLU Råd/nu.
Inclusive market development for urban and rural prosperitySIANI
Inclusive market development for urban and rural prosperity. Elisabet Montgomery, Senior Policy Specialist for Employment and Market Development at Swedish Agency for Development Cooperation, Sida
Fair and just food systems enabling local midstream businesses? What does it ...SIANI
Fair and just food systems enabling local midstream businesses? What does it take? Romina Cavatassi, Lead Economist with the Research and Impact Assessment division of IFAD
Agroecology as an approach to design sustainable Food SystemsSIANI
Agroecology as an approach to design sustainable Food Systems. Marcos Lana, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Crop Production Ecology (SLU) and General Secretary of Agroecology Europe (AEEU)
The document outlines Nairobi City County's Food System Strategy, which aims to achieve food and nutrition security for residents through a sustainable urban food system. The strategy was developed between 2018-2022 with stakeholder input. It envisions affordable, accessible, nutritious food for all residents through increasing food production, stable supply/incomes, reducing losses, and consumer education. Field experiences highlighted collaborations around seed technologies, vegetable/livestock production, value addition, and a new food market information geoportal to improve access. Stakeholder engagement will be key to implementing the strategy.
Vi Agroforestry is a Swedish non-profit foundation established in 1983 that works with local organizations in East Africa to empower smallholder farmers through sustainable agriculture practices like agroforestry. Its mission is to fight poverty and climate change by building farmer families' resilience through land management practices that enhance biodiversity and climate change mitigation while improving lives socially and economically. It focuses on smallholder farmer families, especially women, youth, and children, and promotes agroforestry, integrated pest management, and other techniques to strengthen food systems and agricultural livelihoods in a sustainable and inclusive manner.
Vi Agroforestry is a Swedish non-profit foundation established in 1983 that works with local organizations in East Africa to empower smallholder farmers through sustainable agriculture and agroforestry practices. Its mission is to fight poverty and climate change by building the resilience of smallholder farmer families through land management techniques while enhancing biodiversity and climate change mitigation. It focuses on farmer families, especially women, youth, and children, who experience food insecurity and the effects of climate change.
The SIANI Regional Network meeting discussed fava crackers in Ethiopia. Fava crackers are a $117.5 billion worldwide industry and $370 million in Ethiopia specifically. However, Ethiopia only has a 0.05% market share of $158K. The meeting featured presentations from the Chief Marketing Officer, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Product Officer, and Chief Business Development Officer on strategies to expand Ethiopia's market share of the fava cracker industry.
The document discusses the role of youth and small-scale businesses in transforming food systems in Africa. The Agripreneurship Alliance supports young entrepreneurs through training programs and grants. It has trained over 1250 entrepreneurs across Africa. Youth and small businesses can drive innovation, entrepreneurship, and sustainable practices in agriculture. They also support local food systems and rural development. Investment in youth and small businesses strengthens food security and employment.
This document presents a proposal for an organic farm called Agri-Gold Mixed Farm. It notes a growing demand for organic fruits and vegetables in the local market that is not being met. Most existing farms use inorganic techniques. The proposal aims to use organic farming techniques to produce high-quality, nutritious vegetables and strawberries to meet this demand. It discusses how to make agricultural inputs more affordable and empower women farmers through training. It also addresses preventing climate change impacts and promoting youth involvement in agriculture. The proposal suggests how a network could support agribusiness incubation and agriculture clubs to further these goals.
UN Food Systems Summit: Swedish National Dialogue Presentations (Morning Sess...SIANI
On the 25th of January 2021, the Swedish Food Systems Summit National Dialogue took place. This dialogue brought together representatives from various public sector agencies, food sector industries and research institutions, and was organised through a joint effort by the Swedish Government Offices, the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry and SIANI. Here, different private and public actors presented on the topic of food systems and their work therein.
Chickens and cows do not use toilets: What can we do about it?SIANI
This document summarizes a workshop that was held to discuss synergies between water, sanitation, hygiene (WaSH) and One Health approaches, with a focus on livestock husbandry and animal excreta. The workshop aimed to identify potential interventions for controlling animals, protecting humans, and managing excreta. It also discussed gaps in policy, practice, and research. Presentations were given on the links between WaSH and One Health, and on complementary sanitation measures that could benefit both animal and human health by reducing pathogen transmission. The workshop concluded by discussing next steps such as engaging with One Health networks and identifying research gaps that could be addressed in future funding proposals.
The animal husbandry perspective: Managing animals and their excreta in low- ...SIANI
1. Livestock are an important source of food for billions of people globally, especially in developing countries, but they also contribute to disease transmission.
2. Keeping livestock in close proximity to humans can spread zoonotic diseases through animal excreta. Many pathogens from livestock waste can infect and sicken humans.
3. Rapid urbanization is increasing demands for animal-sourced food but also contributes to disease risks as livestock and waste management in crowded urban areas spreads contamination. Proper sanitation and hygiene is needed to reduce health risks from urban livestock.
Importance of safe recycling of animal and human excreta SIANI
The document discusses the importance of safely recycling animal and human excreta. It notes that current linear systems can pollute the environment with pathogens, nutrients, and debris through water transport. Instead, it advocates for a circular economy approach where excreta is collected, treated to remove pathogens, and reused as resources like fertilizer. This closes nutrient and resource loops while protecting human, animal, and environmental health.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
3. Footprint
By 2020, humanity’s global footprint falls below its 2000 level and
continues its downward trend,
specifically in the areas of:
• energy/carbon footprint;
• commodities (crops, meat, fish and wood) footprint;
• water footprint.
By 2050, humanity’s global footprint stays within the Earth’s capacity to
sustain life and the natural resources of our planet are shared equitably.
Biodiversity
By 2020, biodiversity is protected and well managed in the world’s most
outstanding natural places.
By 2050, the integrity of the most outstanding natural places on earth is
conserved, contributing to a more secure and sustainable future for all
Foto: Peter Roberntz , WWF
WWFs metagoals 2020 & 2050
4. Ygdrasil – Tree of life….…
• The tree that was the
universe according to
Nordic mythologi
• Ask & Embla – the
first humans
• Tree of life in every
farm garden
• Trees still important
in our culture
35. WWF Chocolate and Tree community project in Vietnam
http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/search_wwf_news/?125260/chocolate-and-trees
Foto: Peter Roberntz , WWF
40. Change in global forest cover under different scenarios
Foto: Peter Roberntz , WWF
Source: WWF Living Forest Report Chapter 1
Editor's Notes
WWF has just released the updated Living Planet Report which shows depressing figures on the impact that humans have on this planet.
The living planet index shows that we have a decline in species populations of more than 50% since 1970. And this is caused by an ever increasing ecological footprint by us humans.
We are anticipated to have more than 9 billion people by 2050 and at the same time we are eroding the basis for survival; Functioning ecosystems that can provide us with food, fibres and fuel.
We have no choice but need to change our ways of producing and consuming.
On the positive side is that we have solutions. We just need to promote and use them.
Agroforestry is one important but very multi diverse and -dimensioned tool to achieve this.
WWF has set up meta goals regarding biodiversity, which creates functioning ecosystems, and for our footprint to guide us and secure that we produce and consume with in the planetary boundaries.
Functioning forest landscapes are key to this success.
Förberedelse av en svedja vid Påsens Fäbod uppe i Transtrand – gammal 250 årig granskog.
Gammal Rågsvedja
Skogsbete – getter och kor
Myrslåtter i Västerbotten
Also we should not forget that human have for thousands of years lived in integrated forest and agriculture systems. We see here a picture of forest cattle grazing in Sweden in the beginning of the 19th century. The forest were key to concentrate the flow of energy to the farms. In Sweden in the past as we still have in many other parts of the developing world the practice of shifting cultivation and fire was used. A way of releasing the nutrients accumulated in the forest to be used in crop production. At low pressure this can be sustainable practice, but as the population and pressure grows it becomes a unsustainable way of agriculture. Or should we actually say agroforestry
Since both these practices can be conceived as agroforestry systems using the following definition by FAO; Agroforestry includes ‘land-use systems or forms of technology where woody perennials are deliberately used in the same land management unit as agricultural crops and/or animals, in some form of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence, valorizing both ecological and economic interactions between the various components’.
Similarly we should keep in mind that only with large scale expansion of monoculture cropland you get a clear divide between agriculture land and forests. Often, however, the interaction is much greater and the boundary much less clear. The natural forest ecosystem and even individual trees in a landscape can serve ecosystem services such as regulating water, shade, pollination etc. For instance, one study showed that the pollination service provided by two forest fragments, totaling of 157 ha, translated into an ecosystem service to a value of around 60,000 USD per year for one Costa Rican coffee farm. Hence, the agriculture and forest nexus is vital and we need to explore the opportunities to find sustainable solutions.
Hence, while monocropping systems fall short of the structural complexity of forest ecosystems, which are diverse, multi-stratified and functionally complex – agroforestry systems, although they are manmade, very well imitates these systems
By adding complexity in agricultural landscapes (i.e. increasing biodiversity), we can increase resilience. In the context of the ongoing climate change, resilience is of utmost importance as climate variability is bound to increase. Agroforestry systems, when practiced at scale, can enhance ecosystems through carbon storage, prevention of deforestation, biodiversity conservation, cleaner water and erosion control – enabling agricultural lands to withstand events such as floods, drought and climate change
WWF has also just finalized its forest strategy. It does not make any explicit reference to agroforestry but it acknowledges the need to work at all scales. We will need to find integrated solutions which does not compromise the rights of local people and their livelihoods but allows for free informed consent by communities to improve productivity of ecosystems. Hence we need top down interventions but which are locally informed and are presented as equitable “offers” which must be negotiable and even rejectable if the integrity of social and environmental sustainability is risked to be compromised.
Since we must not forget that an estimated 1,6 billion people are supported by forests and 300 million live in forests. An many more depend on natural resource management if we go beyond forests.
31
Let me continue with a few more recent and also more sustainable examples of agroforestry.
Illegal logging for charcoal production is one of the biggest threats to Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Africa’s first national park and World Heritage Site. WWF’s Ecomakala project supports people living in the surroundings of the park to plant trees in woodlots, providing an alternative and sustainable source of energy.
While the project mainly focuses on smallholders, it also supports larger landowners to establish plantations of around 10-20 hectares; these account for about 7 per cent of the total area reforested to date. Ecomakala has also run an agroforestry scheme, supporting farmers to grow cocoa – which thrives in shade – alongside trees. Fast-growing temporary shading plants are grown while the permanent shading trees become established.
To date, over 6,000 hectares have been reforested through the Ecomakala project: 5,571 hectares of woodlots and 912 hectares of agroforestry plantations. With the first commercial harvesting taking place in early 2013, the project is still in its infancy. But as the trees reach maturity,
it will bring a range of social, economic and environmental benefits
Another example is the Sagarmatha Community Agro-forestry Project (SCAFP) which is a multifaceted community based conservation project initiated in July 1996 to address the issue of deforestation in the Sagarmatha region
The Project's goal is to increase forest coverage area and to strengthen local capacity for sustainable management of their natural resources through integrated conservation and development programmes.
Spread over an area of 1,148 sq km of the Himalayan ecological zone of the Khumbu region of Nepal, the Sagarmatha National Park (SNP) includes the upper catchment areas of Dudhkoshi and Bhotekoshi rivers and is largely composed of rugged terrain and gorges in the high Himalayas.
Here is a project with agro-forestry system which was established to develop this industry for smallholders in the forests near Cat Tien National Park. The project encouraged the local ethnic minority to plant cocoa under the canopy of the forest.
“Vietnam does not encourage to plan cocoa on mono-culture system, but inter-cropping with other shading trees,” said Tong Khiem, chairman of Vietnam Committee for Cocoa Development
The Atlantic Forest is one the most threatened ecosystems in the world. It also has one of the highest biodiversity and endemism rates. At the same time, about 120 million Brazilians live there. Agroforestry systems such as the one used to produce the organic cocoa is proving to be the most effective strategy to conciliate human sustainable activities and nature conservation," said Helena Maria Maltez, the Atlantic Forest Programme coordinator."Agroforestry systems can connect forested protected areas and allow plant and animal gene flow, increasing the ability of the population to survive in the long-term."
On the Philipines in 2013 a new alliance between the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the National Geographic Channel (NGC) was formed to aim to halt deforestation.
“Agroforestry allows crops and trees to coexist, maximizing benefits. This increases land productivity, improves water recharge and minimizes erosion,” explained WWF’s Edgardo Tongson.Citrus, Cacao, Rambutan and Guyabano saplings to Isabela farmers.
Combined with a string of earlier corporate initiatives pulled together by WWF, this raises the number of planted agroforestry trees to over 40,000. The move aims to reforest Isabela’s Abuan watershed – a once-verdant forest which has since been converted to endless sprawls of corn and rice. Shielding the eastern face of Luzon for 340 kilometers and spanning 359,486 hectares, the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park is both the Philippines’ longest mountain range and its largest protected area. Over 150 endemic animal species – from the iconic Philippine Eagle and Isabela Oriole, to the critically-endangered Philippine Crocodile – slither, scuttle or soar above its vigorously-vegetated ridges. In turn, its forests provide water for an estimated 400,000 hectares of rice and cornfields. It is the country’s largest grain larder
With the Philippine population creeping towards an estimated 140 million people by 2040, WWF seeks to find pragmatic ways to strike a balance on land use, building formulas to sustainably produce more food and mitigate climate change. Together with NGC and its local government allies, WWF’s dream is to plant 50,000 agroforestry trees in the Abuan watershed by 2015
We need to see integrated solutions at landscape level and link agroforestry not only to subsistence but also to markets and income generation where feasible.
In Madagascar WWF is working in the Fandriana Marolambo landscape on which covers almost 200,000 hectares and consists of grasslands, savannas and forests. It is home to many rare and endangered species and has very high levels of endemism.
Here WWF works with a project that aims to find new and creative financing mechanisms and income generating activities which are compatible with conservation in this landscape, including agroforestry and the opportunities presented via fair-trade labelling
The ultimate goal is to make agroforestry and restoration, a long-term professionalized and profitable activity for the local communities.
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In 2011 WWF produced the Living Forest Report with a number of chapters. It was made in collaboration with IIASA, the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, based in Vienna. The figure on this slide is from chapter 1.
It is a bit complicated, but in short it says that if we do nothing but just go on with business as usual we will loose 232 million hectares of natural forest ecossytems by 2050 and have converted another 242 millon ha of natural forests into managed forests.
However we have a choice to change our behaviour and policies to go into another direction. WWF has set up a goal of zero net deforestation by 2050. The scenario “Target” describes this. We would be able to produce food, fuel and fibres by converting some 271 million ha of natural forests to managed forests to 2050, i.e. not plantations, but not allow any loss of forest.
So what does managed forests imply in regards to what they will produce in terms of non timber forest products. And what role can agroforestry play?