2. Course Details:
• LTP: 1 0 0 [One lecture/ Week]
Textbook:
• Ecology and Environment by P.D Sharma
Rastogi Publications, 11th
Edition,(2014).
• Botany in Forestry and Environment Ashok
Kumar Khanna Bhandhu Publishers, 1st
Edition, (2001).

4. COURSE CONTENTS
• Introduction: Concepts of ecology and biodiversity, Historical
development of ecology as a science. Concept of levels of biological
organization.
• Ecosystem: Definition, Classification, Distribution. Trophic levels, food
webs, ecological pyramids and energy flow.
• Forest environment: Abiotic components, Biotic components ,
Interactions, Nutrient cycling,
• Population ecology :Definition, Population dynamics , Carrying capacity
• Community ecology: Species interaction, Ecological succession,
Terminology, Climax vegetation types, Methods to study effects of forest
management on succession. Island Biogeography. Autecology of
important tree species.
• Biodiversity and conservation :Definition, Distribution of diversity in life
forms, Hotspots of biodiversity, Measurement of diversity and diversity
indices. Principles of conservation biology, Ex situ and In situ methods of
conservation, Biosphere concept. Conservation – efforts in India and
worldwide.

5. What is Ecology?
The scientific study of interactions between different organisms and between
organisms and their environment or surroundings

6. What is Biodiversity?
The variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine,
and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part;
this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.

7. Why Biodiversity is important?
Provides food, fodder, fruit, fuel, timber, medicine
1.Commercial value :
Oil, Fertilizers etc. extracted from species
of plants and animals.
2.Biological value:
Pollination
Soil formation
Nutrient enrichment
-

8. 3.Recreational Value:
Can not be measured in terms of
money.
4. Aesthetic Value:
Art, Poetry, Literature.
5.Scientific Value:
Gene Pool, Evolution,
Human Welfare, etc,.

9. Value of a Tree
A tree that lives for 50 years generates:
• Rs. 5.3 lakhs worth of oxygen
• Facilitates Rs. 6.4 lakhs worth of soil erosion
control
• Creates Rs. 10.5 lakhs worth of air pollution
control
• Provides Rs. 5.3 lakhs
worth of shelter for birds
and animals

10. • Recycles Rs. 6.4 lakhs worth of fertility
• Besides provide flower, fruits and timber
• When a tree is fell it is something worth
more than Rs. 33. 9 lakhs.
….Value of a Tree

11. Threats to Biodiversity
1. Deforestation and overgrazing
2. Habitat destruction and fragmentation of the
area.

12. 3. Poaching and hunting for flesh, fur,
skin, horn, naiI and recreation.
4. Forest fires including smoking in the
woods.
5. Over exploitation‑
of the resources.

13. 9.Population pressure and unequal
distribution of the resources
10. Agricultural expansion
11.Spreading urbanization and establishment
of industries.
12.Construction of hydro electric‑
power projects

14. 13. Climatic changes like depletion of ozone,
global warming, increased concentration
of carbon dioxide, etc,
14. Mining activities and quarrying.
15. Lack of awareness.

15. Impact of Loss Of BiodiversityImpact of Loss Of Biodiversity
Global warming and climate
change

16. Increased pollution
Soil erosion and loss of fertility
Decomposition rate
by microbes is altered
Nutrient cycling is altered

17. Reduces gene pool - affects speciation
Food chain is altered
Alteration in Hydrologic
Cycle

18. UNIT-1 Introduction:

19. UNIT-2 Ecosystem:

20. UNIT-3 Forest environment
Grassland Shola forest

21. UNIT-4 Population ecology

22. UNIT-5 Community ecology

23. UNIT-6 Biodiversity and conservation

24. The course outcome…
 Students will learn about basics of ecology and biodiversity.
 Students will acquaint about various biological processes in forest
ecosystem.
 Students will get knowledge about bio diversity and environment.
 Student will learn the concepts of ecological pyramids

25. Next Class
Unit I. Introduction to ecology
and biodiversity

26. THANK YOU ALL