4. Travel and exploration are
basic to human nature. Man has
traveled since the earliest times
although the term tourism was
used only in the 19th century.
Tourism can trace its ancestry
in the Old Testament.
9. Took the form of pilgrimages to
places of worship. Pilgrimages
were made to fulfill a vow as in
case of illness or of great danger
or as penance for sins.
St. James of Galicia was the
foremost destination of English
pilgrims in the 14th century.
13. During the medieval period, travel
declined
Travel is derived from the word travail,
became burdensome, dangerous and
demanding during this time.
After the decline of the Roman Empire
in the 5th century, roads were not
maintained and they became unsafe.
Thieves inflicted harm on those who
dared to travel.
14. No one during this time
travelled for pleasure.
Crusaders and pilgrims were
the only ones who travelled.
17. With the Renaissance, a few
renowned universities developed
so that travel for education was
introduced largely by the
British.
This practice was gradually
adopted by others in the lower
social scale.
18. In time, it became recognized that the
education of a gentleman should be
completed by a “Grand tour” of the
cultural centers of the continent which
lasted for three years.
The term was used as early as 1670.
While apparently educational, the
appeal became social.
19. Under Elizabeth I, young men seeking
positions in court were encouraged to travel
to the continent to widen their education.
Pleasure seeking young men of leisure
travelled predominantly throughout France
and Italy to enjoy the cultures and social life
of Europe, with Venice, Florence and Paris as
the key attractions.
By the end of the 18th century, the practice
had become institutionalized for the upper
class of society.
20. As young men sought intellectual
improvement in the continent, the sick
sought a remedy for their illness in
“spas” or medicinal baths.
The term “spa” is derived from the
waloon word “espa” meaning fountain.
Travelers immersed themselves in the
healing waters. Soon Entertainment was
added and dozens of watering places
became resort hotels
22. The Industrial Revolution brought about
major changes in the scale and type of
tourism development.
It brought about not only technological
changes but also essential social changes
that made travel desirable as a recreational
activity
The increase in productivity, regular
employment, and growing urbanization
gave more people the motivation and
opportunity to go on holiday.
23. The emerging middle class combined
higher incomes and growing education
into annual holidays.
To escape from their responsibilities
and the crowded city environment, they
travelled to the countryside or seashore
for their holidays.
This led to the creation of working class
resorts near major industrial centers.
26. Two technological developments in the
early part of the 19th century:
- Introduction of the railway and
- Development of steam power
The railroads created not only more
business by providing reliable and cheap
transportation but also more competition as
various private companies invested heavily
in hotels, resorts, and entertainment
facilities.
27. Thus tourism was transformed from a small
business catering to the elite into the start of
a mass market that is travel by a large
number of individuals.
The use of steam power provided the
increased mobility needed by the tourism
business.
Steamers on the major rivers provided
reliable and inexpensive transportation that
led to the popular day trip cruises and the
growth of coastal resorts near large
industrial towns.
28. As tourism became organized in the later
years of the 19th century, the organization of
travel became an established institution.
Travel organizers emerged.
The first and most famous of these was
Thomas Cook.
His first excursion train trip was between
Leicester and Loughborough in 1841 with 50
passengers at a round trip fare of one
shilling.
These were in effect the first travelers’
checks.
29. The success of this venture encouraged him to
arrange similar excursions using chartered
trains. In 1866, he organized his first American
tour. In 1874, he introduced “circular notes”
which were accepted by banks, hotels, shops
and restaurants.
30. Other tour companies which appeared in
Britain at this time were Dean and
Dawson in 1871, the Polytechnic Touring
Association in 1872 and Frames in 1881.
In the United States, American Express
was founded by Henry and William
Fargo.
As the 19th century drew to a close,
photography and guide books became
popular. A huge variety of guide books
which dealt with both local and overseas
travel were sold to tourists.
31. Karl Ludwig
Johannes Baedeker
was a German
publisher whose
company, Baedeker,
set the standard for
authoritative
guidebooks for
tourists. Karl
Baedeker was
descended from a
long line of printers,
booksellers and
publishers
32. The most popular of these was
Baedeker, first published in 1839,
which became the leading guide for
European countries at the end of the
century.
35. At the beginning of the 20th century, pleasure
travel continued to expand, encouraged by the
increasing wealth, curiosity and outgoing
attitudes of the people as well as the increasing
ease of such movement.
World War I brought about many changes
which influenced the volume of tourism.
New forms of mass communications stimulated
curiosity about other countries. In addition to
the influence of posters and the press, the
cinema, radio and television widened
knowledge and interest in travel.
36. After world war, forms of travel began to
change radically
The railways as a means of travel declined
with the introduction of the motor car.
Motorized public road transport and
improved road conditions led to the
popularity of seaside tours.
World War II also led to the increased interest
in travel. The war had introduced combatants
not only to new countries but to new
continents, generating new friendships and an
interest in different cultures.
37. Another outcome of the war was the
progress in aircraft technology.
Air travel had become more comfortable,
safer, faster and cheaper in comparison
with other forms of transport.
With the introduction of the Boeing 707
in 1958, the age of air travel for the
masses arrived, hastening the decline of
sea travel.
39. Travelers switched to the use of private cars and this
change affected both coach and rail services.
Governments have created more vacation time by
incorporating isolated public holidays into the
familiar long “weekends” throughout the year.
As business and trade prospered in the developed
countries, business travel also flourished, leading to
the demand not only for individual travel but also
for conference and incentive travel on a world wide
scale.
The 1970 have also seen the emergence of new
patterns of tourism. As economic power has shifted
between countries, new tourism generating countries
arose, notably the oil rich Arab countries and Japan.
40. Europe as well as the developing tourist based
economies of Asia have benefited from this
influx.
The Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia
and Indonesia have strengthened their tourist
attractions to appeal to new markets.
Governments of many nations are encouraging
the growth of both domestic and international
tourism as a means of job creation, economic
diversification, and source of foreign exchange.
Beyond its economic significance, there is a
growing realization of the role of international
travel in promoting world peace and prosperity.
44. The concept of hospitality industry is
extremely old.
It is mentioned in writings dating back
to Ancient Greece, Rome and Biblical
Times.
In ancient times people felt the
requirement of hospitality because they
believed that hospitality to strangers
was necessary to their religious well
being
45. Hospitality in Ancient Greece is
missionaries, priests and pilgrims
formed a very large part of the
travelling public. They travelled
understandable that certain elements of
religion were intermingled with the
idea.
Visit to holy places, perhaps oracles or
temples that had a dominant position in
their relation.
48. This was the era that started with
English travel and excursion when
they built inns as their private
residence that nobility used to stay
in the monasteries they had to
garner a permit to import and sell
wine which later led the spread of
hospitality else where.
49. Stage coach became favoured
transportation.
In ancient Persia accommodation known
as “khans” where constructed.
In later years of roman taverns and inns
provided shelter for travelling merchants
actors and scholar.
The high spot of that era in terms of
hospitality was the development of “post
house” by Persian along the caravan
52. The rebirth in travel emerge slowly
during the Renaissance Era 14th and 16th
century.
The merchant began to venture further
from their village as the church and the
Kings and Queens brought larger
geographical area under their control
trade routes. Slowly began to reopen as
commercial activities grew and the
merchant ventured into new territories
increase interests in travel for commerce
and pleasure.
53. During this period there were high
demand for inns and traverns.
Hotel de Henry the first hotel was build
on 1788
It was build at a cost of 17.500 dollars
There was 60 beds Coffee houses came
during this period.
56. In 18th century they called grand tour became
a rite of passage for aristocratic young men.
The journey typically involve 3 to 4 years of
travel around the Europe and included an
extensive sojourn in Italy as Rome was
considered the ultimate destination.
57. Eating and sleeping places developed
during the period.
Taverns started to appear in New
York/New England.
Inns started to function in
Pennsylvania Ordinaries developed in
southern colonies
Coffee houses became extremely
popular in Europe and were
incorporated in many of the inns.
59. Changed the course of culinary
history
Escoffier brought the brigade system.
M. Boulanger, father of modern
restaurant, called the soup he sold
“resorantes”.
Revolution caused some of the chefs
to come to the new world.
Philippine Tourist and Travel
61. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century,
public dining was not popular. Many hotels
were constructed without dining facilities
Hotel guests took their meals in their rooms.
In 1875, a dining facility was opened in the
Albermarle Hotel in London.
One of the best known hotels was the Savoy
which was opened by Richard d'Oyly Carte in
1889. In the Savoy, d'Oyly Carte employed
two men who became famous throughout
theworld-Cesar Ritz and Auguste Escoffier.
62. Delmonico's was the only expensive and
aristocratic restaurant in the United
States.
The Hotel Del Coronado in San Diego was
the first hotel in the United States where
guests could pay for their room and meals
separately from an à lacarte menu of eat
elsewhere. The modern hotel was a
American invention, but the Europeans
contributed the European Hotel Plan
which meant that a guest need not pay for
64. After World War II, travel started in
many parts of the world.
In 1958 there was an advent of cross
continental flights.
In 1958 trans-Atlantic flights developed.
First motel in California began during
this period.
Resurgence of inner city lodging
properties.
Interest in cruises increased.
66. 1921 - Walter Anderson and Billy
Ingraham
Began the White
Castle
Hamburger
Chains. The name
White Castle was
chosen because
white stood for
purity and castle
for strength
67. 1925 - Howard Johnson opened his
original restaurant in Wollaston,
Massachusetts
68. 1934 - The Rainbow Room
This art deco
restaurant
supported
the re-
emergence of
New York as
the center of
power and
glamour.
69. 1937 - Trader Vic’s Restaurant
The social elite
was attracted to
the Polynesian-
themed
restaurant
which served
exotic drinks
including the
Mai Tai that Vic
invented.
70. 1927 - Marriott’s Hot Shoppe and
root beer
At about this
time, the drive
in and fast
food also
sprang up in
America.
72. The Four Seasons (1939)
It was the first
restaurant to
offer seasonal
menus
(summer,
spring, fall,
winter) with its
modern
architecture
and art as a
theme.
73. 1950s -The emergence of fast food
restaurants.
1960s - Fine dining became popular because
businessmen liked to eat well.
1970s - New establishments were introduced
such as the Taco Bell, TGI Friday, Houston’s,
and Red lobster in the restaurant industry.
77. 1990s-Started with recession which began in
1989. The hospitality industry experienced a
downturn due to the Gulf War. Organizations
strived for profitability, hence, they downsized
and consolidated.
1993- The economic recovery was very strong.
Thus, several mergers and acquisitions have
taken place. Many corporations have
expanded overseas. Eastern Europe and
China have opened up.
