This document discusses the history and development of tourism from ancient times to the modern era. It covers early tourism among Sumerians and Phoenicians, the decline of travel during the medieval period, and the introduction of the "Grand Tour" during the Renaissance. The Industrial Revolution brought major changes like technological advances in transportation that increased mobility. In the 19th century, the development of railways and steam power transformed tourism into a mass market industry. Famous travel organizers like Thomas Cook emerged and helped popularize inclusive tours. The document then discusses trends in the 20th century, like the growth of tourism after World War 2 and the rise of package tours.

1. Chapter 2

2.  Man has traveled since the earliest times although the
term tourism was used only in the early 19th century.
 Tourism is derived from the Hebrew word torah which
means studying, learning, searching.

5.  Tourism can trace(roots) its ancestry in the Old
Testament.
 They are least two (2) reasons why people travel during
that time.
 There is an involvement of Sumerians and Phoenicians
in the Early tourism.

7.  During the medieval period, travel declined.
 Travel, derived from the word travail, became
burdersome, dangerous, and demanding during this
time.

8. The planning of Grand
Tour

9.  With the Renaissance, a few renowned universities
developed so that travel for education was introduced
largely by the British.
 Travel for education became popular in the 16th century.

10.  The Industrial Revolution brought about major
changes in the scale and type of tourism development.
 It brought about not only technological changes, but
also essential social changes that made travel desirable
as a recreational activity.

11.  A. Tourism in the 19th Century
 Two technological developments in the early part of the
19th century had a great effect on the growth of tourism.
 These were the introduction of the railway and the
railway and the development of steam power.

12.  Tourism was transformed from a small business
catering to the elite into the start of a mass market,
that is, travel by a large number of individuals.
 The used of steam power provided the increased
mobility needed by the tourism business.
 As tourism became organized in the later years of the
19th century, the organization of travel became an
established institution.

13.  Travel organizers emerged. The first and most famous of
these was Thomas Cook.
 His first excursion train trip was between Leicester and
Loughborough in 1841 with 570 passengers at a round
trip fare of one shilling.
 In 1866, he organized his first American tour.
 In 1874, he introduced “circular notes” which were
accepted by banks, hotels, shops, and restaurants.
 As the 19th century drew to a close, photography and
guide books became popular.
 Most popular of these was Baedecker, first published in
1839, which became the leading guide for European
countries at the end of the century.

14.  At the beginning of the 20th century, pleasure travel
continued to expand, encouraged by the increasing
wealth, curiosity, and outgoing attitudes of the people
as well as the increasing ease of such movement.
 World War I brought about many changes, which
influences the volume of tourism.
 After World War I, forms of travel began to change
radically. The railways as means of travel declined with
the introduction of the motor car.
 Motorized public road transport and improved road
conditions led to the popularity of seaside tours.

15.  World War II also led to increased interest in travel.
The war had introduced combatants not only to new
countries, but also to new continents, generating new
friendships and an interest in different cultures.
 Another outcome of the war was the progress in
aircraft technology.
 After the post-war recovery years, there was an
increase in private car ownership.
 As business and trade prospered in the developed
countries, business travel also flourished, leading to
the demand not only for individual travel, but also for
conference and incentive travel on a world-wide scale.

17. Tourism can be recognized as long as people have
travelled; the narrative of Marco Polo in the 13th
century; the "grand tour" of the British aristocracy to
Europe in the 18th century; and the journeys of David
Livingstone through Africa in the 19th century are all
examples of early tourism. Thomas Cook is popularly
regarded as the founder of inclusive tours with his use
of a chartered train in 1841 to transport tourists from
Loughborough to Leicester. Before the 1950s, tourism
in Europe was mainly a domestic activity with some
international travel between countries, mainly within
continental Europe. In
the period of recovery following World War II, a
combination of circumstances provided an impetus to
international travel. Among the
important contributing factors were the growing
number of people in employment, the increase in
real disposable incomes and available leisure time, and
changing social attitudes towards leisure and work.

18.  These factors combined to stimulate the latent
demand for foreign travel and holidays.
The emergence of specialist tour operators who
organized inclusive holidays
by purchasing transport, accommodation, and
related services and selling these at a single price,
brought foreign holidays within the price-range of
a new and growing group of consumers. The
"package" or "inclusive" tour democratized travel
in Europe; foreign holidays were no longer the
preserve of the affluent and socially �lite classes.


19. ESSAY. Answer the following with your own words.
Straight answers is highly appreciated. Answer
this for 15 mins. only.
1. Discuss Early tour
2. Describe the Grand Tour
3. Describe tourism in during the Medieval Period, the
Renaissance, and Elizabethan Eras.
4. How did the Industrial Revolution bring about major
changes in tourism development.

20.  Tourism in the Philippines began when the original
inhabitants of the country roamed around in search for
food.
 Inter-tribe travel occurred, although the mode of travel
was crude.
 A more recognizable form of tourism appeared in the
Philippines when the country was discovered by
Ferdinand Magellan and when galleons or wooden boats
sailed between Mexico and the Philippines during the
galleon trade.

21.  During the American occupation of the Philippines,
Americans were able to reach Manila after two weeks
on board the PanAmerican Airways airclippers. In the
1920s the steamship and the airline pioneers, the
“China Clippers” and the “Manila Clippers’ brought
some passengers to Manila via Hong Kong.
 The introduction of more confortable and faster
means of transportation gave the early impetus for
tourism in the Philippines. Travelers from the U.S.,
China, Japan, and Europe were provided inland tours
by entrepreneurs with their unregistered private cars
and coaches called “colurum”. Colurum means illegal
tour handling and the illegal use of private vehicles for
public use.

22.  Although there were already visitor arrivals from other
countries, there were no tour operators nor travel
agencies, which formally existed. There were some
offices like the American Express International, which
informally arranged land tours for foreign travelers.
 Steamship offices endorsed tourists to private car and
coach operators (colurum) who rented their vehicles
directly to tourists.
 It was difficult to measure tourist activities before World
War II, since there were no statistical records and data
available at this time. In 1947, a more orderly tourism
activity started.
 Steamships and airlines began to service the Philippines
from other countries; thus, giving impetus to tourism.

23.  In 1952, the first tourism association in the Philippines was
organized. This was the Philippine Tourism and Travel
Association (PTTA, which was organized to put together all
existing travel establishments serving both domestic and
international travelers.
 The PTTA was funded by the government to promote the
country’s tourism industry. Later, the government organized
the Board of Travel and Tourism industry and to subsidize the
PTTA as its promotional arm.
 In the late 1950s, more hotel and restaurants and
entertainment facilities were established.
 The Philippines has undergone economic, social, and
political crises starting in the 1960s up to the 70’s, which
hindered the development and promotion of tourism.

24.  It was only in 1972, after the declaration of martial law
when tourism in the Philippines prospered.
 Thus, the Philippines became a “bargain destination” to
foreign visitors.
 A temporary “tourism boom” existed in the Philippines
in the early 70s.
 Tourism in the Philippines today is the result of the
continuous development and promotion of tourism from
1950 to the present.
 The National Tourism Organization (NTO) of the
Philippines or Department of Tourism has embarked on
several plans and programs to ensure the pleasant and
hospitable entry, stay, and departure of tourists, as well
as to assure a harmonious, positive, and constructive
development of the tourism industry.

25.  Major travel flows occur between the United States
and Western Europe. Secondary regional patterns
exists between South America, the Carribean, Africa,
the Near East, and the Far East.Travel to Africa is
usually one way, originating in Europe.
 The heaviest flow of air traffic into Europe is between
New York and London. Within Europe, the major
flows are between

36. LONDON

37. PARIS

38. Frankfurt,Germany

39. AMSTERDAM

40. BRUSSELS,BELGIUM

41. ZURICH,
SWITZERLAND

42. GENEVA,
SWITZERLAND

43. MADRID, SPAIN

44. COPENHAGEN,
DENMARK

45. VIENNA, AUSTRIA

46. MILAN, ITALY

47. ROME
(Capital City of Italy)

48. MUNICH,GERMANY

49.  United States
 West Germany
 United Kingdom
 Canada
 Japan
 France
 Netherlands
 Mexico
 Switzerland
 Australia

50.  Europe generates about one-half of overseas travelers
to the U.S.
 Travel between European countries--- intracontinental
travel—has been very popular.
 This is one of the reasons for Europe’s large share of
the worldwide travel market.

51. 1. Rising disposable income for large sections of the
population.
2. Growth in the number of retired persons who have
the desire and the energy to travel.
3. Increase in discretionary time.
4. Greater mobility of the population.
5. Growth in the number of singles.
6. Greater credit availability through credit cards and
bank loans.
7. Higher educational levels.

52. 8. The growth of cities.
9. Simplification of travel through the travel tour.
10. Growth of multinational business
11. Modern transportation technology
12. Shift in values
13. Advances in communication
14. Smaller families and changing roles