History of surgery case history

1. INTRODUCTION
Dr. Haydar Muneer
GENERAL SURGERY

2. SURGERY MAY DEFINE AS
The art of treating lesions and
malformations of the human body by
manual operations
The origin of the word surgery come
from the Greek word cheirourgike
(cheir – hand , ergein-work)

4. • Evidence that the surgical assistance
was provided can be found from
the period around the year 4600 BC
Babylon , ancient Egypt and India
culture.

6. • From 5th till 15th
century the arab
period affected the
history of surgery
• Arabic surgeon
AbuKasim describe
the findings of the
treatment of the
surgical diseases in
manual of several
volumes

7. • Italian-french period
In 13th century first universities were
medicine was taught were founded in
Italy (Napoli)

9. • The first scientific
treatment in surgery
comes from the work
of French military
surgeon Ambroise
Pare(1510-1590) who
revolutionised surgery
by introducing
dressing for
wounds and ligatures
for haemorrage

11. • In 1846 William
Morton ( 1819 -
1868) a dentist
introduced and
demonstrated
Ether Anaesthesia
heralding the age
of painless surgical
practice.

15. CASE HISTORY

16. • Patients may present in two ways:
• electively, with chronic symptoms of
variable duration;
or
• acutely, with life-threatening disorders.
The pathways involved in management of
the two are quite different.

18. THE ACUTELY INJURED PATIENT.
A Airway
B Breathing
C Cardiovascular system
D Neurological Defects
E Exposure to detect all injuries

19. APPROACH TO HISTORY-
TAKING

20. • Establish a rapport with the patient:
introduce yourself, shake hands
• Initiate the process by asking the patient to
tell you what made him or her seek medical
advice
• Listen without interruption to the patient as
he or she relates
• the history of the presenting complaint(s).
During this process make a mental note of
the key symptoms

21. • Wait for the answer before asking another
question
• Obtain further details on specific symptoms,
including duration, nature of severity and
associations, by specific questions
• Briefly review the systems by key questions
• Obtain details of past medical history,
including drug medication, surgical
conditions, operations and exposure to
general anaesthesia

22. • Past medical incidents are important because
they may relate to the patient's current illness
and may also influence management
• Obtain details of social history and habits,
including alcohol consumption and smoking
• Obtain a brief family history

24. • Do not interrupt the patient
• Do not use medical terminology
• Do not ask ambiguous or irrelevant
questions
• Do not use leading questions in the first
instance
• Do not be abrupt or impatient

25. • In this process there are dos and don'ts. The
only way a student can verify that an accurate
history has been obtained is to summarize
the information for the patient to confirm.
This is highly recommended until full
proficiency in history-taking is obtained.
• The wrong information can be obtained if
the technique is poor and the patient is
confused by the interviewer