Kharkiv is a large city in northeastern Ukraine that has been continuously inhabited for centuries. Archaeological evidence shows settlements dating back to at least the 2nd millennium BC by Scythian, Sarmatian, and Cherniakhiv tribes. The city was officially founded in 1654 when a Cossack named I. Karkach built a fortified settlement. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, Kharkiv developed from a border outpost into a center of crafts and trade as suburbs formed around the fortress. In the 18th century, Kharkiv became an educational center with the founding of Kharkiv University in 1805, which became a major cultural and scientific institution. Today, Kh

1. ЗДРАВСТВУЙТЕ
HISTORY OF EMERGENCE
OF KHARKOV

2. LITTLE ABOUT KHARKOV
 Kharkov is a large center
of science and education
in Ukraine.
 Kharkov is located in the
north-eastern part of
Ukraine at the junction
of small rivers Kharkov
and Lopan, 40 km to the
south of the border with
Russia.

3. BEGINNING….
Archaeologists testify
that different peoples
lived here:
 Scythian
 Sarmatian
 Chernyakhovsky
tribes
 Cumin people.

4. FOUNDERS…
 Since the 2nd millennium BC. Bronze
Age settlements, Scythian kurhans (6th–3rd
centuries BC), and Sarmatian relics (2nd–1st centuries
BC) have been excavated there.
 Relics of the Cherniakhiv culture (2nd–5th centuries
AD) have been unearthed in the city, followed by
settlements of the Siverianians (8th century); their
fortified settlement of Donets (dated from the 10th
century) has been excavated nearby.

5. FOUNDERS…
 The founders of the city were the Ukrainian Kazaks and
peasants who ran away from the national, religious and social
pressure of the Pole landlords of the Dnieper and Western
Ukraine.
 The land was called “THE WILD FIELD” as it was devastated after
the Mongol and Tatar raids.

6. FOUNDERS…
 From the 13th to the 17th century the large territory
around present-day Kharkov became
wild steppe dominated by the Cumans and then by
the Tatars.

7.  From the early 17th
century the territory
belonged formally to
Muscovy.
 Networks of
fortifications against
the Crimean
Tatars and the Nogay
Tatars—the
Belgorod line,
the Izium line, and the
Ukrainian line—were
built and settled, mostly
by Ukrainian Cossacks,
and non-serf villages

8. FOUNDERS…
 The Russian settlers appeared here in the same time as
the Ukrainians.
 In the result of interaction of two migration streams: a
big one from the West, which was Ukrainian, and the
smaller one from the North, which was Russian, the
Slobozjanian subculture was formed.
 In the XVII-XVIII centuries Slobozjanshchina
turned into a special historical and cultural region of
Ukraine with a distinctive hue of material and spiritual
culture.

9. FINAL SETTLEMENT
 The generally accepted date of Kharkov's founding is 1654/5
when I. Karkach built a fortified settlement on the plateau
surrounded by the Kharkov River and the Lopan River.
 The fortress had 10 towers and the length more than a
kilometer.

10. For the remaining of the 17th and most of the 18th
century Kharkov remained a defensive outpost; the Russian
garrison and artisans and merchants lived within the fortress,
but most of the Cossack population lived in nearby
expanding slobody and engaged in farming, fishing,
beekeeping, and barter trade.

11.  The craft people started
to settled around the
fortress from the very
first years of its existence.
 The first slobodas
(suburbs) such as
Goncharovka,
Zjuravlevka etc.
appeared.
 This fact testified that
Kharkov turned from an
important border
outpost to a CENTER OF
CRAFTS AND TRADE.

12.  To the beginning of the XIX century PODOL – the district
between the fortress and the river Kharkov – was settled.
 When the threat of Crimea and Nogay Tatars raids passed
away, the settling stepped over the rivers Lopan and Kharkov.

13.  There were changes in the social life of the city.
 In 1765 the regiment administrative order was liquidated.
 The Slobodsko-Ukrainian governorate was created
instead of sloboda regiments.
 For a very long time Kharkov belonged to BIELGOROD
EPARCHY.
 In 1799 the Slobodsko-Ukrainian eparchy with its
center in Kharkov was created.
The Bielgorod Monastery
of the Holy Trinity

14.  Uspensky church is among the first
churches which were built in the city.
 The erection of it started in 1658. The modern
sanctuary was built in the 70-es of the XVIII century.
 In 1726, Pokrovsky abbey was founded on the territory
of Kharkov fortress.
 The Abbey sanctuary is the oldest in Kharkov.

15.  In the XVIII century Kharkov became an educational
center.
 The Kharkov Collegium became the second in
importance in Ukraine after Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.

16.  The opening of one of the oldest in the country and the first
in Ukraine Kharkov university on the 17th(29th) of January of
1805 had a huge meaning.
 V. N. Karazin became the founder of the university.
 The university is a cultural and scientific center.
 It is famous by its scientists, graduates and teachers: N. N.
Beketov, V. Y. Danilevskiy, H. F. Sumtsov, D. I. Bagaley, and
many other coryphées.
 For the first time in the Russian Empire the grade of Doctor
of History was given to a woman Yefimenko A.Y.

17. H. F. SumtsovN. N. Beketov

18.  The cultural life of the city was full of events.
 A lot of the streets of the city are named by the defenders and
deliverers of Kharkov: platoon of lieutenant P.N.Shyronin,
O.Yarosh and others.
 In 1975 the first line of Kharkov metropolitan was opened
and there are three of them working now.
 Declaration of Independence of Ukraine in 1991 became the
culmination of democratic society processes.
 It allowed the new state to create the future by itself.
 During the last years there were held the festivals
“UKRAINIAN TOLOKA”, festivals devoted to the memory of
K.I.Shulzjenko, pianist V.Kraynev and others.

19.  The history of the city of Kharkov consists of three and
a half centuries of beautiful and tragic events.
 The city was accepted to the LEAGUE OF
HISTORICAL CITIES. Its development was and is and
will be one of the main moments in the life of the
whole state of independent Ukraine.
KHARKIV
19TH CENTURY

20. Kharkiv At Night
A Church Of Kharkiv

21. СПАСИБО