Cloud computing concepts have existed for many years in technologies like mainframe computing and utility computing. While cloud computing is commonly associated with 21st century applications and services, its foundations can be traced back to earlier distributed computing models. Cloud computing abstracts hardware and software resources that are shared dynamically via virtualization and accessed over a network.

1. History of Cloud Computing
 One of the first questions asked with the introduction of a
new technology is: “When was it invented?” Other
questions like “When it was first mentioned?” and “What
are the prospects for its future?” are also common.
 When we think of cloud computing, we think of situations,
products and ideas that started in the 21st century.
 This is not exactly the whole truth.
 Cloud concepts have existed for many years.

2. Cloud Computing
Cloud computing shares characteristics with:
Client–server model — Client–server computing refers
broadly to any distributed application that distinguishes
between service providers (servers) and service requestors
(clients).[38]
Grid computing — "A form of distributed and parallel
computing, whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is
composed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled
computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks."
Mainframe computer — Powerful computers used mainly
by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk
data processing such as: census; industry and consumer
statistics; police and secret intelligence services; enterprise
resource planning; and financial transaction processing.

3. Cloud Computing
 Utility computing — The "packaging of computing
resources, such as computation and storage, as a
metered service similar to a traditional public
utility, such as electricity."
 Peer-to-peer — A distributed architecture
without the need for central coordination.
Participants are both suppliers and consumers of
resources (in contrast to the traditional client–
server model).

4. Cloud Computing
 Cloud computing is a term used to refer to a model of
network computing where a program or application runs on a
connected server or servers rather than on a local computing
device such as a PC, tablet or smartphone.
 Like the traditional client-server model or older mainframe
computing, a user connects with a server to perform a task.
 The difference with cloud computing is that the computing
process may run on one or many connected computers at the
same time, utilizing the concept of virtualization.

5. Cloud Computing
 Cloud Computing is a term used to refer to a
model of network computing where a program or
application runs on a connected server or servers
rather than on a local computing device such as a PC,
tablet or smartphone.
 Cloud Computing refers to applications and
services that run on a distributed network using
virtualized resources and accessed by common Internet
protocols and networking standards.

6. Cloud Computing
 In this chapter, you learn about two different classes of
clouds: those based on the deployment model and those
based on the service model.
The Deployment model tells you where the cloud is
located and for what purpose.
Public, private, community, and hybrid clouds are
deployment models.
Service models describe the type of service that the
service provider is offering. The best-known service models
are Software as a Service, Platform as a Service, and
Infrastructure as a Service—the SPI model.
The service models build on one another and define what
a vendor must manage and what the client's responsibility is.

7. Cloud Computing
The use of the word “cloud” makes reference to the two
essential concepts:
• Abstraction:
Cloud computing abstracts the details of system
implementation from users and developers.
Applications run on physical systems that aren't specified,
data is stored in locations that are unknown, administration
of systems is outsourced to others, and access by users is
ubiquitous(everywhere).
• Virtualization:
Cloud computing virtualizes systems by pooling and sharing
resources.
Systems and storage can be provisioned as needed from a
centralized infrastructure, costs are assessed on a metered
basis, multi-tenancy is enabled, and resources are scalable
with agility(quickness).

9. Cloud Computing

10. Characteristics of Cloud Computing

11. Cloud Components