Module-1 introductaion cloud computing.pdf

1. Module 1
Introductions:
Cloud computing is a paradigm in the field of information technology that involves the delivery of
computing services and resources over the internet. Instead of relying on local servers or personal
computers, cloud computing utilizes remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and
process data. This allows users to access and utilize a wide range of applications and services on-
demand, from anywhere with an internet connection.
The concept of cloud computing is based on the idea of virtualization, where resources such as
processing power, storage, and networking are abstracted and made available as a service. Cloud
computing providers offer various services and deployment models to cater to different user needs.
Services in Cloud Computing:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): This service provides virtualized computing resources, including virtual
machines, storage, and networks. Users have control over the operating systems and applications
running on the infrastructure.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): PaaS provides a platform for developing, deploying, and managing
applications. Users can focus on application development without worrying about underlying
infrastructure management.
Software as a Service (SaaS): SaaS delivers fully functional applications over the internet. Users can
access and use software applications without the need for installation or maintenance.
Deployment Models in Cloud Computing:
Public Cloud: Resources are owned and operated by third-party cloud service providers, and services are
available to the public over the internet. Examples include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft
Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Private Cloud: Infrastructure and services are dedicated to a single organization and may be managed
internally or by a third-party provider. Private clouds offer more control and security but require
dedicated resources.
Hybrid Cloud: This model combines both public and private cloud environments, allowing organizations
to leverage the benefits of both. It enables flexibility in workload placement and data sharing between
the two environments.
Community Cloud: Shared infrastructure and services are used by a specific community of organizations
with common interests or requirements, such as government agencies or research institutions.
Cloud computing to the delivery of computing resources and services over the internet. It involves the
use of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data instead of relying on
local servers or personal computers. Cloud computing enables users to access and utilize a wide range of
applications and services on-demand from anywhere with an internet connection.
Key Features of Cloud Computing:

2. 1. On-Demand Self-Service: Users can provision computing resources, such as processing power,
storage, and software, as needed without requiring human interaction with service providers.
2. Broad Network Access: Cloud services are accessible over the network using standard devices like
laptops, smartphones, or tablets.
3. Resource Pooling: Multiple users can share the same physical resources, such as storage, processing
power, and memory, while remaining isolated from each other.
4. Rapid Elasticity: Cloud services can scale up or down quickly to meet changing demands. Users can
easily request additional resources or release unused resources.
5. Measured Service: Cloud service providers can monitor and measure resource usage, allowing for
accurate billing and providing transparency to users.
Types of Cloud Computing Services:
1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Offers virtualized computing resources like virtual machines,
storage, and networks. Users have control over the operating systems and applications they run on the
infrastructure.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS): Provides a platform for developing, deploying, and managing
applications. Users can focus on application development without worrying about underlying
infrastructure.
3. Software as a Service (SaaS): Delivers fully functional applications over the internet. Users can access
and use software applications without the need for installation or maintenance.
Benefits of Cloud Computing:
1. Cost Savings: Cloud computing eliminates the need for upfront infrastructure investments and
reduces maintenance costs. Users can pay for resources on a pay-as-you-go basis.
2. Scalability and Flexibility: Cloud services can scale up or down based on user demands, allowing
businesses to adapt quickly to changing needs.
3. Accessibility and Mobility: Cloud services are accessible from anywhere with an internet connection,
enabling remote work and collaboration.
4. Reliability and Disaster Recovery: Cloud providers typically offer robust backup and disaster recovery
mechanisms, ensuring data availability and business continuity.
5. Security: Cloud providers invest in security measures and technologies, often surpassing what most
organizations can achieve on their own.

3. Cloud computing has revolutionized the IT industry, providing cost-effective and scalable solutions for
individuals and organizations alike. It has enabled the rapid growth of various technologies like big data
analytics, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), and more.
Distributed Computing and Enabling Technologies
Distributed computing is a type of computing in which multiple computers are connected
together to solve a problem. The computers in a distributed system can be located anywhere in
the world, and they can be of different types and sizes.
Enabling technologies for distributed computing include:
Networks: Distributed computing requires a network to connect the computers together. The
network can be a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), or the Internet.
Operating systems: Distributed computing requires an operating system that supports
networking and resource sharing.
Middleware: Middleware is software that provides a layer of abstraction between the
applications and the underlying hardware and software. Middleware can help to make
distributed computing easier to develop and manage.
Programming languages: Distributed computing requires programming languages that support
networking and resource sharing.
Distributed computing has many advantages, including:
Scalability: Distributed systems can be scaled up to handle large amounts of data and
processing power.
Availability: Distributed systems can be more available than centralized systems because they
can be distributed across multiple sites.
Resilience: Distributed systems can be more resilient to failures because they can continue to
operate even if some of the computers fail.
Distributed computing is used in a wide variety of applications, including:
E-commerce: Distributed computing is used to power e-commerce websites and applications.
Social networking: Distributed computing is used to power social networking websites and
applications.
Cloud computing: Distributed computing is used to power cloud computing services.
Scientific computing: Distributed computing is used to power scientific computing applications,
such as weather forecasting and climate modeling.
Cloud Fundamentals

4. Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of computing services—including servers, storage,
databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the Internet (“the cloud”). Instead of
buying, building and running computing infrastructures, you can rent cloud services and pay only for
what you use.
This model has several advantages over the traditional approach of running applications on your own
hardware. First, it is more cost-effective because you only pay for the resources you use. Second, it is
more scalable because you can easily add or remove resources as needed. Third, it is more reliable
because cloud providers have multiple data centers that are located in different geographic locations.
This means that if one data center goes down, your applications will still be available.
The challenges of cloud computing:
Security: Cloud computing can be a security risk if businesses do not take the necessary precautions.
Compliance: Businesses need to ensure that they are in compliance with all applicable regulations when
using cloud computing.
Data sovereignty: Businesses need to ensure that their data is stored in a location that meets their
requirements.
Vendor lock-in: Businesses need to be careful not to become too reliant on a single cloud provider.
Overall, cloud computing is a powerful tool that can help businesses save money, improve agility, and
increase security. However, businesses need to be aware of the challenges of cloud computing and take
the necessary precautions to protect their data.
The cloud computing fundamentals that you need to know:
Cloud computing models: There are three main cloud computing models: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.
Cloud computing services: There are a wide variety of cloud computing services available, including
computing, storage, networking, databases, analytics, and machine learning.
Cloud computing providers: There are a number of cloud computing providers, including Amazon Web
Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Cloud computing security: Cloud computing security is a critical consideration. Businesses need to take
steps to protect their data and applications when using cloud computing.
Cloud computing compliance: Businesses need to ensure that they are in compliance with all applicable
regulations when using cloud computing.
Cloud computing data sovereignty: Businesses need to ensure that their data is stored in a location that
meets their requirements.
Cloud computing vendor lock-in: Businesses need to be careful not to become too reliant on a single
cloud provider.
Cloud Definition

5. Cloud computing is a term for the delivery of hosted services over the internet (the cloud). These
services include servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence. It enables
companies to consume a computing resource, such as a virtual machine (VM), storage, an application, or
an Internet service, as a utility—just like electricity—rather than having to build and maintain computing
infrastructures in house.
The term "cloud" is used to represent the Internet because the interconnected systems that make up
the Internet look like a cloud when viewed on a diagram.
Cloud computing offers several advantages over traditional IT solutions, including:
Cost savings: Cloud computing can help businesses save money on IT costs by eliminating the need to
purchase and maintain hardware and software.
Scalability: Cloud computing is highly scalable, so businesses can easily add or remove resources as
needed. This can help businesses avoid overprovisioning and underutilization of IT resources.
Agility: Cloud computing can help businesses be more agile by enabling them to quickly deploy new
applications and services.
Security: Cloud computing providers offer a variety of security features to help protect businesses' data.
Evolution of cloud computing:
The evolution of cloud computing has been a rapid one, with the technology growing from a niche
offering to a mainstream one in just a few short years. This growth has been driven by a number of
factors, including the increasing demand for mobile computing, big data, and the Internet of Things
(IoT).
The first cloud computing services were offered in the early 2000s, but they were limited in scope and
expensive. It wasn't until the late 2000s that cloud computing began to take off, thanks to the
introduction of more affordable and scalable services.
In the early days of cloud computing, most services were offered on a pay-as-you-go basis, which meant
that businesses only had to pay for the resources they used. This was a major advantage over traditional
IT solutions, which required businesses to purchase and maintain their own hardware and software.
As cloud computing has matured, a wider range of services have become available, including
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS
provides businesses with access to computing resources, such as virtual machines and storage. PaaS
provides businesses with a platform for developing, testing, and deploying applications. SaaS provides
businesses with access to software applications that are hosted on the cloud.
The growth of cloud computing has had a major impact on the IT industry. Traditional IT vendors have
been forced to adapt to the new cloud-based model, while new cloud-native vendors have emerged to
compete with them.
The future of cloud computing is bright. The technology is expected to continue to grow in popularity in
the coming years, as businesses look for ways to save money, improve agility, and increase security.
Here are some of the key trends that are driving the evolution of cloud computing:

6. The rise of mobile computing: The increasing popularity of mobile devices is driving the need for cloud-
based applications and services. Cloud computing can help businesses deliver these applications and
services to mobile users, regardless of their location.
The growth of big data: The increasing amount of data that businesses are generating is driving the need
for cloud-based data storage and analytics solutions. Cloud computing can help businesses store and
analyze large amounts of data more efficiently and cost-effectively.
The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT): The increasing number of connected devices is driving the need
for cloud-based solutions that can collect and analyze data from these devices. Cloud computing can
help businesses make better decisions by providing them with insights into the data that is being
generated by their IoT devices.
Cloud Architecture:
Cloud architecture is the structure and design of a cloud computing system. It includes the components
of the system, their relationships, and the interactions between them. Cloud architecture is typically
divided into three layers: the infrastructure layer, the platform layer, and the application layer.
The infrastructure layer is the foundation of the cloud computing system. It includes the physical
hardware and software that make up the cloud, such as servers, storage, and networking devices. The
platform layer provides the tools and services that developers use to build and deploy applications on
the cloud. This layer includes operating systems, programming languages, and development tools. The
application layer is the top layer of the cloud computing system. It includes the applications that are
hosted on the cloud and that are used by users.
Cloud architecture can be designed in a variety of ways, depending on the specific needs of the
organization. Some common cloud architectures include:
Private cloud: A private cloud is a cloud computing system that is owned and operated by a single
organization. This type of cloud is typically used by organizations that need to maintain control over
their data and applications.
Public cloud: A public cloud is a cloud computing system that is owned and operated by a third-party
provider. This type of cloud is typically used by organizations that need to scale their applications quickly
and easily.
Hybrid cloud: A hybrid cloud is a cloud computing system that combines elements of a private cloud and
a public cloud. This type of cloud is typically used by organizations that need the flexibility of a public
cloud but also need to maintain control over their data and applications.
Cloud applications
Cloud applications are software applications that are hosted on a cloud computing platform. This means
that the application is stored and run on remote servers, and users can access it over the internet. Cloud
applications offer a number of benefits over traditional on-premises applications, including:

7. Cost savings: Cloud applications can help businesses save money on IT costs by eliminating the need to
purchase and maintain hardware and software.
Scalability: Cloud applications are highly scalable, so businesses can easily add or remove users as
needed. This can help businesses avoid overprovisioning and underutilization of IT resources.
Agility: Cloud applications can help businesses be more agile by enabling them to quickly deploy new
applications and services.
Security: Cloud computing providers offer a variety of security features to help protect businesses' data.
There are a wide variety of cloud applications available, including:
Email: Cloud-based email services, such as Gmail and Outlook, offer a number of advantages over
traditional email clients, including increased storage capacity, spam filtering, and mobile access.
Office productivity: Cloud-based office productivity suites, such as Google Workspace and Microsoft
365, offer a variety of tools for creating, editing, and sharing documents, spreadsheets, and
presentations.
Databases: Cloud-based databases offer a number of advantages over traditional on-premises
databases, including scalability, availability, and security.
Storage: Cloud-based storage services offer a convenient and cost-effective way to store data.
Web hosting: Cloud-based web hosting services make it easy to create and manage a website.
E-commerce: Cloud-based e-commerce platforms make it easy to set up an online store.
Customer relationship management (CRM): Cloud-based CRM platforms help businesses manage their
customer relationships.
Human resources (HR): Cloud-based HR platforms help businesses manage their employees' data and
processes.
Project management: Cloud-based project management platforms help businesses manage their
projects.
Security: Cloud-based security solutions help businesses protect their data from cyberattacks.
Cloud deployment models
Cloud deployment models are the different ways in which cloud computing services can be delivered to
users. There are three main cloud deployment models: public cloud, private cloud, and hybrid cloud.
Public cloud: A public cloud is a cloud computing service that is made available to the general public.
Public clouds are owned and operated by third-party cloud providers, such as Amazon Web Services
(AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Public clouds offer a variety of services,
including computing, storage, networking, databases, analytics, and machine learning.

8. Private cloud: A private cloud is a cloud computing service that is dedicated to a single organization.
Private clouds are owned and operated by the organization that uses them. Private clouds offer the
same services as public clouds, but they offer more control and security.
Hybrid cloud: A hybrid cloud is a cloud computing infrastructure that combines elements of a public
cloud and a private cloud. Hybrid clouds offer the best of both worlds: the flexibility and scalability of a
public cloud with the control and security of a private cloud.
The best cloud deployment model for an organization will depend on its specific needs and
requirements. Organizations that need to scale quickly and easily will likely benefit from a public cloud.
Organizations that need to maintain control over their data and applications will likely benefit from a
private cloud. And organizations that need the flexibility of a public cloud but also need to maintain
control over their data and applications will likely benefit from a hybrid cloud.
Here is a table that summarizes the key differences between the three cloud deployment models:
Cloud Deployment Model Key Differences
Public cloud Services are provided to the general public by a third-party provider.
Private cloud Services are provided to a single organization by the organization itself.
Hybrid cloud Combines elements of a public cloud and a private cloud.
Here are some of the factors that organizations should consider when choosing a cloud deployment
model:
Cost: Public clouds are typically the most cost-effective option, while private clouds are the most
expensive. Hybrid clouds can offer a cost-effective middle ground.
Security: Public clouds offer the least security, while private clouds offer the most security. Hybrid
clouds can offer a balance of security and cost.
Compliance: Organizations that are subject to regulations, such as HIPAA or PCI DSS, may need to use a
private cloud to ensure compliance.
Scalability: Public clouds are the most scalable option, while private clouds are the least scalable. Hybrid
clouds can offer a balance of scalability and cost.
Control: Organizations that need to maintain control over their data and applications may need to use a
private cloud.
The cloud services, there are different models that organizations can adopt to deliver and consume
cloud-based resources. The most commonly known cloud service models are:

9. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. It
offers organizations virtual machines, storage, and networking infrastructure on a pay-as-you-go basis.
With IaaS, users have more control over the underlying infrastructure, including operating systems,
middleware, and applications.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): PaaS provides a platform for developers to build, deploy, and manage
applications without worrying about underlying infrastructure. It offers a development environment
with preconfigured resources, such as runtime environments, databases, and development tools. PaaS
enables developers to focus on writing code and deploying applications rather than managing
infrastructure.
Software as a Service (SaaS): SaaS delivers software applications over the internet on a subscription
basis. Instead of installing and maintaining software locally, users access and use applications hosted in
the cloud. SaaS eliminates the need for organizations to manage infrastructure, updates, and
maintenance, as these responsibilities are handled by the service provider.
Function as a Service (FaaS) / Serverless Computing: FaaS allows developers to execute code in
the cloud without managing server infrastructure. Developers write functions that are triggered by
specific events or requests, and the cloud provider takes care of scaling and allocating resources based
on demand. FaaS abstracts away the underlying infrastructure, enabling developers to focus solely on
writing and deploying code.