History of Animations - digitalmarketinghead@gmail.comSaurabh Verma
This Presentation is all about the history of animation. All the references are from reliable sources over internet on animations. The topics described are:
Early approaches to motion in art
Animation Before Film
The magic lantern
Thaumatrope
Phenakistoscope
Zoetrope
Flip book
Praxinoscope
The Silent Era
Theater Optique
The Kinetoscope
The Golden Age of Animation
Walt Disney
Alice Comedies
World War II era
Post-war period
The Television Era
Animation Techniques
Go motion
and more ...
History of Animations - digitalmarketinghead@gmail.comSaurabh Verma
This Presentation is all about the history of animation. All the references are from reliable sources over internet on animations. The topics described are:
Early approaches to motion in art
Animation Before Film
The magic lantern
Thaumatrope
Phenakistoscope
Zoetrope
Flip book
Praxinoscope
The Silent Era
Theater Optique
The Kinetoscope
The Golden Age of Animation
Walt Disney
Alice Comedies
World War II era
Post-war period
The Television Era
Animation Techniques
Go motion
and more ...
.My presentation is on Animation Timeline. Firstly , we will look What is animation,next we will move on history of animation including various animati on techniques used before film, then we will move on Modern animation techniques and finally we will discuss about future of animation." What is Animation? Animation is basically simulation of movement crea ted by displaying a series of pictures, or frames rapidly.In animation, what we perceive as a moving image is actually an illusion. What we are really seeing is a succession of still images displayed in rapid sequence, separated by a small interval o f darkness. When faced with a rapid series of stil l images, our eye and brain will perceive them to be one smoothly moving image.When successive image s are shown at a faster rate, the eye will blend t hem together with the retina retaining one image a s the second is superimposed over it. This creates the illusion of movement.The number of frames per second, or FPS, directly correlates to how smooth the movement appears. If the frame rate is too sl ow, the motion will look awkward and jerky. If the frame rate is too high the motion will blur. So a question arises here..... what is difference b etween video and animation? we have to note the basic difference here,that a v ideo takes continuous motion and breaks it up into discrete frames,whereas animation starts with ind ependent pictures and puts them together to form t
he illusion of continuous motion.
(Slide no. 5)
Evidence of artistic interest in depicting figures in motion can be seen in art as early as Paleolit hic cave paintings. Animals in such paintings were often depicted with multiple sets of legs in supe rimposed positions. Because the paintings are preh istoric, alternative interpretations are possible, such as the artist simply deciding to change a le g's position and having no means of erasing, but i t is very likely that these were early attempts to convey motion.Another example is a 5,200-year old pottery bowl discovered in Shahr-e-Sukhteh, Iran. The bowl has five images painted around it that s how phases of a goat leaping up to nip at a tree.A fter merging all the five images we will see the a ctual animation. An Egyptian mural approximately 4000 years old, fo und in the tomb of Khnumhotep at the Beni Hassan c emetery, features a very long series of images tha t apparently depict the sequence of events in a wr estling match.
Animation is a method in which figures are manipulated to appear as moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film.
I would like to think this is pretty damn complete! I know there are a few slides that are blank to be filled buuuut that's only if I have time. Still! There is plenty there even though I know my Tutors will want more from me because they can be pains in the a***! Just in case they're watching... Whatever!
.My presentation is on Animation Timeline. Firstly , we will look What is animation,next we will move on history of animation including various animati on techniques used before film, then we will move on Modern animation techniques and finally we will discuss about future of animation." What is Animation? Animation is basically simulation of movement crea ted by displaying a series of pictures, or frames rapidly.In animation, what we perceive as a moving image is actually an illusion. What we are really seeing is a succession of still images displayed in rapid sequence, separated by a small interval o f darkness. When faced with a rapid series of stil l images, our eye and brain will perceive them to be one smoothly moving image.When successive image s are shown at a faster rate, the eye will blend t hem together with the retina retaining one image a s the second is superimposed over it. This creates the illusion of movement.The number of frames per second, or FPS, directly correlates to how smooth the movement appears. If the frame rate is too sl ow, the motion will look awkward and jerky. If the frame rate is too high the motion will blur. So a question arises here..... what is difference b etween video and animation? we have to note the basic difference here,that a v ideo takes continuous motion and breaks it up into discrete frames,whereas animation starts with ind ependent pictures and puts them together to form t
he illusion of continuous motion.
(Slide no. 5)
Evidence of artistic interest in depicting figures in motion can be seen in art as early as Paleolit hic cave paintings. Animals in such paintings were often depicted with multiple sets of legs in supe rimposed positions. Because the paintings are preh istoric, alternative interpretations are possible, such as the artist simply deciding to change a le g's position and having no means of erasing, but i t is very likely that these were early attempts to convey motion.Another example is a 5,200-year old pottery bowl discovered in Shahr-e-Sukhteh, Iran. The bowl has five images painted around it that s how phases of a goat leaping up to nip at a tree.A fter merging all the five images we will see the a ctual animation. An Egyptian mural approximately 4000 years old, fo und in the tomb of Khnumhotep at the Beni Hassan c emetery, features a very long series of images tha t apparently depict the sequence of events in a wr estling match.
Animation is a method in which figures are manipulated to appear as moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film.
I would like to think this is pretty damn complete! I know there are a few slides that are blank to be filled buuuut that's only if I have time. Still! There is plenty there even though I know my Tutors will want more from me because they can be pains in the a***! Just in case they're watching... Whatever!
This presentation was created in 2009 for a high school film production class and updated in 2020. It provides a visual accompaniment to a classroom lecture on Film History. This module covers the period from the beginnings of photography through the early days of exhibition including projectors and projection techniques.
In 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus Pandemic, I recorded a video of this presentation. Here is the link:https://youtu.be/GQuJJ8QkHQE Please feel free to use it in your classrooms.
The earliest 'movie theatres' were converted churches or halls, showing one-reelers (a 10-12 minute reel of film - the projector's reel capacity at the time). The primitive films were usually more actualities and comedies.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Presentation2
1.
2. Within this time period cave paintings were established usually on the
roof or the walls inside a cave. Cave paintings were famously
originated within the area of France, Chauvet Cave.
3. Shadow puppets is an old entertainment factor in which parchment
paper would be used in order to tell a story. It uses flat articulated
figures to create the impression of moving human’s.
4. From the agriculture of Greece, the Greek would paint figures on vases
for suitable reasons.
Within this time period magic lanterns were created. They used a
mirror behind the back of the light source to direct as much of the light
as possible through the small sheet of glass, on which was the painted
or photographic image which would be projected and onto the lens at
the front.
5. Nicéphore Niépce produced the first
ever photograph, this was an image
which was taken looking out from a
window which included in the image was
the roofs of other houses/buildings
outside. This was influential on the
animation scene as it showed images
can be captured leading to the creation
of stop motion
6. The first Parlor games are invented showing invention of moving
images within the home, phenakistocope and zoetrope both
displayed the movement of images which shown a couple of
seconds of footage. Both machines had small slots in the side of
the machine to look in, which you could see the animation.
7. Barnes Linnett invented the flip book which is a book of images on
different pieces of paper which is then flipped by the human hand
to create a short animation. Through out the book each drawing
was slightly different to give the illusion that the images are all
moving when flipped, they would all carry on from the one
previous which would then provide you with a short animated
story. The images themselves are usually hand drawn. A couple of
years later Herman Casler created the Mutoscope which was a
mechanical version of the flipbook by using an admission charge
of a penny in which you would look into holes which you would
see a short animation.
8. Eadweard Muybridge was a pioneer in stop
motion, although he was not the formal
creator he help establish this theory. As he
wanted to prove that an image could be
taken of a horse whilst all four limbs off the
ground, he set up a series of cameras in
lines on the ground so when the horse
trotted past it would trigger the cameras
which they would then take the image.
9.
1880’s – Émile Reynaud (8 December 1844 – 9 January 1918) was a
French pioneer and invented the Praxinoscope which was basically a
spinning drum and was the successor of the Zoetrope. The
Praxinoscope was invented in 1877. It still used a strip of photographs
placed on the inside. In 1889 Reynaud developed the Théâtre
Optique, an improved version capable of projecting the images onto a
screen from a longer roll of pictures, and this allowed him to show drawn
animated cartoon to larger audiences.
10. William Harbutt invented plastacine. After this discovery he then
further went onto model animation which was Chicken Run and
Wallace & Gromit. He created these characters with plastacine
throughout the majority of the film.
11. Lumieres further then went onto holding their first ever private screening
of projected motion pictures in Paris 1845. An admission charge was
also added due to it being the first ever private screening.
12. Georges Méliès
Georges Méliès (8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938).
Was the creator of special effects, he was one of the first.
He discovered in by accident when his camera broke
down, and when he had the film developed the bus had
disappeared. And he thought that if you freeze the
camera, you can move something.
13. Arthur Melbourne-Cooper is the creator of
the oldest existing animation, the animation
was for Birds Custard and this was the first
recorded use of animation in advertising. He
also created the ‘match advert’ in which as
all animated.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HD9NwzFNLY
14. Winsor McCay who was an
animator, produced the first proper
animated film for the cinemas
which was Gertie the Dinosaur. He
would show realism through this
animation as when the dinosaur
got closer to the screen he would
make it bigger which in real
life, this happens. He also made it
eat the tree and a boulder.
Cellulouse Actete was developed within this time period, this
entails clear plastic which enables drawings to be made in layers
so the images used look much more realistic. It would further
enable depth for the film.
15. Within the 1920’s, sound was then further added onto films. The
sound was then synchronized onto movies. This made films a lot
more successful as individuals could then also watch and listen to
what was going on, feelings of characters could then be further
expressed through speech.
http://www.hollywoodmoviememories.com/articles/silen
t-films-articles/1920s-films-early-production.php
16. ‘Steamboat Willie’ was the first ever film with synchronized
sound, Disney were the creators of this as it was a Mickey
Mouse animation. This was the most successful animated
film.
17. In the 1930’s color was added to
film. In 1937, Snow White and the
Seven Dwarfs the first full length
animated feature film to be released
in color. This was one of the first
films to use Rotoscoping, a process
of tracing real life people and then
turning it into animation. So the
movements of the body are more
realistic, than if they were just to be
drawn by hand, they were capturing
the motion. For the time it was like
CGI.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIwa9s
PFT5I
18. Ray Harryhausen was an outstanding
visual effects creator, writer and
producer and the creator of 3D motion
model animation know as Dynamation
working on major films through a 60
year career. Working on major
blockbuster such the original King
Kong and Clash of the Titans. He
traditionally worked on the film such
as Jason and the Argonauts.
19. Willis O’Brien was an
American motion picture
special effects and a stop
motion animation pioneer.
He created the dinosaur
and animated them for The
Lost World and King Kong.
20. ‘Tron’ the first ever animated film
made by computer
technology, this meant that the
use of hand made/hand drawn
images and features would not
be useful. It was released by
Walt Disney productions.
21. The first ever Toy Story film was created in 1995, it was
the first full-length all-computer-generated animated film
up to this period. It was also the first ever film produced
by Pixar. The full film was produced by computer
technology which led to hand drawn images not being
need anymore for filming, this is how computer
technology taken over and dominated.
22. The Princess and the Frog is the last
traditional animated film Disney ever made
before using CGI to make their animated
films. This means all the films in which they
make would be all computer designed. The
traditional animation is using hand drawn
images to create the frames the next
slightly different from the previous whereas
now it is all computerized.