This document provides an overview of social, political, economic, and cultural issues in Philippine history related to agrarian reform and land ownership. It discusses policies and legislation around land reform from the pre-colonial era through Spanish colonial rule, the American colonial period, the Japanese occupation, and various administrations after independence. Key topics covered include the introduction of encomienda land grants under Spain, land legislation passed during the American period, agrarian reforms under different Philippine presidents, and the ongoing implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program.
This document provides an overview of the evolution of Philippine government from independence to World War 2. It discusses the establishment of the First Philippine Republic after independence from Spain in 1898, as well as the Biak-na-Bato Republic. It also covers the drafting and ratification of the Malolos Constitution, and the establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth under the 1935 Constitution. During World War 2, the document outlines the Japanese invasion and occupation, as well as the establishment of the Second Philippine Republic under the 1943 Constitution with Jose P. Laurel as its president.
The Agrarian Reform Program of the PhilippinesAengelle
Agrarian Reform vs Land Reform
History of Agrarian Reform
*Pre-spanish Period
*Spanish Period
*American Period
*Present Republic
Pertinent laws on Agrarian Reform
Importance of Land Reforms
Aspects of Agrarian Reform
Components of Agrarian Reform
The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988
The document discusses land reform and agrarian reform in the Philippines. It defines land reform as redistributing land from landlords to tenant farmers, while agrarian reform deals with total development of farmers through economic, social, and political transformation. The history of agrarian reform in the Philippines is also summarized, from the pre-Spanish period through Spanish colonization, American rule, and the present republic. Key agrarian reform laws are also outlined.
This document provides information about a Philippine history textbook published by Rex Book Store, Inc. in 2004. It includes the publisher's contact information, copyright details, acknowledgments, a course outline, and a table of contents. The textbook appears to cover Philippine history from pre-Spanish times through various colonial periods and independence movements up to contemporary presidential administrations. It aims to help students understand how geography, culture, and political events have shaped the Philippines over time.
The document provides a timeline and overview of the political development of the Philippines under American rule from 1900-1935. It describes the establishment of the first congressional law governing the Philippines in 1902 under William McKinley. It outlines the founding of several Filipino nationalist political parties in opposition to American control. It also discusses laws passed by the American administration like the Sedition Law of 1901 that criminalized advocacy for independence. The timeline concludes with the passage of the Jones Law in 1916 that set up a bicameral legislature and the Tydings-McDuffie Law of 1934 that established a 10 year path to full independence.
Commonwealth of the Republic of the PhilippinesThirdy Malit
The document discusses key events and developments during the American colonial period and Commonwealth period in the Philippines. It describes the establishment of the Philippine Assembly in 1907, accomplishments under Manuel Quezon's leadership, and laws like the Jones Law of 1916 that committed the US to granting independence. It also outlines the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act of 1932, the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 that established the Commonwealth, and the 1935 Philippine Constitution that provided for independence.
The Malolos Republic was the first Philippine Republic, established in 1898 with Emilio Aguinaldo as President. Aguinaldo first established a dictatorial government to demonstrate Filipino self-governance, then a Revolutionary Government with departments. In September 1898, the Malolos Congress convened and drafted a constitution to guide the progressive republic. However, in December 1898 the US took control of the Philippines after the Treaty of Paris, challenging the fledgling republic.
During the Martial Law years from 1972-1981, President Marcos issued Proclamation 1081 placing the Philippines under martial law, citing threats from communists and anti-Marcos demonstrations. He arrested opposition leaders and activists and established a constitutional convention to frame a new constitution concentrating power in the presidency. Some achievements included educational reforms but he also censored media. After lifting Martial Law in 1981, Marcos retained power through a controversial election in 1986 and the assassination of opponent Ninoy Aquino. Large protests erupted after the disputed election results, leading to Marcos' exile and Corazon Aquino's induction as president.
This document provides an overview of the evolution of Philippine government from independence to World War 2. It discusses the establishment of the First Philippine Republic after independence from Spain in 1898, as well as the Biak-na-Bato Republic. It also covers the drafting and ratification of the Malolos Constitution, and the establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth under the 1935 Constitution. During World War 2, the document outlines the Japanese invasion and occupation, as well as the establishment of the Second Philippine Republic under the 1943 Constitution with Jose P. Laurel as its president.
The Agrarian Reform Program of the PhilippinesAengelle
Agrarian Reform vs Land Reform
History of Agrarian Reform
*Pre-spanish Period
*Spanish Period
*American Period
*Present Republic
Pertinent laws on Agrarian Reform
Importance of Land Reforms
Aspects of Agrarian Reform
Components of Agrarian Reform
The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988
The document discusses land reform and agrarian reform in the Philippines. It defines land reform as redistributing land from landlords to tenant farmers, while agrarian reform deals with total development of farmers through economic, social, and political transformation. The history of agrarian reform in the Philippines is also summarized, from the pre-Spanish period through Spanish colonization, American rule, and the present republic. Key agrarian reform laws are also outlined.
This document provides information about a Philippine history textbook published by Rex Book Store, Inc. in 2004. It includes the publisher's contact information, copyright details, acknowledgments, a course outline, and a table of contents. The textbook appears to cover Philippine history from pre-Spanish times through various colonial periods and independence movements up to contemporary presidential administrations. It aims to help students understand how geography, culture, and political events have shaped the Philippines over time.
The document provides a timeline and overview of the political development of the Philippines under American rule from 1900-1935. It describes the establishment of the first congressional law governing the Philippines in 1902 under William McKinley. It outlines the founding of several Filipino nationalist political parties in opposition to American control. It also discusses laws passed by the American administration like the Sedition Law of 1901 that criminalized advocacy for independence. The timeline concludes with the passage of the Jones Law in 1916 that set up a bicameral legislature and the Tydings-McDuffie Law of 1934 that established a 10 year path to full independence.
Commonwealth of the Republic of the PhilippinesThirdy Malit
The document discusses key events and developments during the American colonial period and Commonwealth period in the Philippines. It describes the establishment of the Philippine Assembly in 1907, accomplishments under Manuel Quezon's leadership, and laws like the Jones Law of 1916 that committed the US to granting independence. It also outlines the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act of 1932, the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 that established the Commonwealth, and the 1935 Philippine Constitution that provided for independence.
The Malolos Republic was the first Philippine Republic, established in 1898 with Emilio Aguinaldo as President. Aguinaldo first established a dictatorial government to demonstrate Filipino self-governance, then a Revolutionary Government with departments. In September 1898, the Malolos Congress convened and drafted a constitution to guide the progressive republic. However, in December 1898 the US took control of the Philippines after the Treaty of Paris, challenging the fledgling republic.
During the Martial Law years from 1972-1981, President Marcos issued Proclamation 1081 placing the Philippines under martial law, citing threats from communists and anti-Marcos demonstrations. He arrested opposition leaders and activists and established a constitutional convention to frame a new constitution concentrating power in the presidency. Some achievements included educational reforms but he also censored media. After lifting Martial Law in 1981, Marcos retained power through a controversial election in 1986 and the assassination of opponent Ninoy Aquino. Large protests erupted after the disputed election results, leading to Marcos' exile and Corazon Aquino's induction as president.
The document discusses the history of agrarian reform in the Philippines over 100 years. It began during Spanish colonization when lands were granted to royal families, ignoring local customs. Under American rule, private land ownership was established through various acts. The 1935 constitution aimed to establish tenant-landlord relationships through profit sharing laws. Subsequent administrations established different land reform laws, with the goal of Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law in 1988 to distribute lands to farmers. However, problems have prevented full implementation including lack of political will, funds, and circumvention of the laws.
This document provides a history of money in the Philippines from pre-Hispanic times to modern day. It describes the evolution from barter systems to early gold and bead currencies. Spanish colonization introduced Mexican pesos and coins minted in Manila. The American period established the peso tied to the US dollar. The Japanese occupation saw war notes. Independence brought new designs celebrating Filipino culture and landmarks.
The American Colonization in the Philippinesliliemanna
The Philippines had been a Spanish colony for over 300 years before gaining independence in 1898. However, the U.S. soon took control and a war broke out between American and Filipino forces that resulted in thousands of deaths. While the U.S. established education systems and allowed some self-governance, Filipinos faced discrimination and rebellions continued for years. Gradually independence was established, and by 1946 full sovereignty was restored, allowing the Philippines to build upon reforms introduced during the American colonial period.
Political Development of the Philippine GovernmentJenny Reyes
Prior to Spanish colonization, the Philippines was composed of independent barangays ruled by datus. During the revolution, the Katipunan, Biak-na-Bato Republic, Dictatorial Government, and Revolutionary Government were established. The US established a Military Government followed by a Civil Government. Finally, a Commonwealth Government was established in preparation for full independence in 1946.
The document provides a detailed overview of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War II. It discusses key events including the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941, the Japanese invasion and occupation of the Philippines, the Battle of Bataan, the Bataan Death March, and the establishment of the Second Philippine Republic led by President Jose P. Laurel under Japanese control. It also describes the harsh conditions faced by Filipinos during the occupation including economic difficulties, food shortages, and cruelty by the Japanese military.
This document provides a summary of the history of currency and coins used in the Philippines. It begins with early barter rings used before the arrival of Western influences. Spanish coins were then introduced, followed by coins produced locally at the Manila mint. U.S. coins circulated during the period of U.S. sovereignty. The document then outlines the various coin series produced after independence, including features, materials, and images depicted on their obverse and reverse sides. It concludes with details of recent commemorative coins issued by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.
the katipunan. The contents of this slide share are the following : The founding of katipunan, aims of katipunan and election in each katipunan.. ANY MANY MORE ....a lot of topic LEARN TO THIS SLIDE SHARE..ITS ALL ABOUT THE KATIPUNAN ...
The document discusses the history and implementation of agrarian reform in the Philippines. It describes how [1] the implementation of agrarian reform proceeded slowly due to lack of political will, [2] the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 established the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program to more successfully implement land reform, and [3] the law focused on redistributing land and improving social justice and economic opportunities for farmers.
Social, political, economic & cultural issues of the phDyahmm Cabrera
Readings in the Philippine History Topic on Social, Political, Economic and Cultural Issues in the PH
Powerpoint background from https://www.choosephilippines.com/go/festivals/804/QueerSmiles
This is the fourth chapter of the course Readings in Philippine History as per the course guide from Commission on Higher Education.
Course sub-topics:
1. Agrarian Reform Policies from Commonwealth Period to the 5th Republic
2. Philippine Constitutions
2.1 1935 Constitution
2.2 1973 Constitution
2.3 1986 Constitution
3. Philippine Taxation
Elpidio Quirino was a Filipino politician who served as the sixth President of the Philippines, assuming the presidency in 1948 after the death of Manuel Roxas. Quirino previously held positions in the House of Representatives, Senate, and served as Secretary of Finance and Interior. As president, he declared Quezon City the new capital and cracked down on the communist Huk rebellion after a failed amnesty agreement. He won election to a full term as president in 1949.
The Malolos Congress established the First Philippine Republic with Emilio Aguinaldo as its first president. Key achievements included ratifying Philippine independence, passing laws allowing loans for the government, establishing schools like the University of Filipinas, and drafting the Malolos Constitution, which created a democratic government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The constitution was finally promulgated in January 1899 after debates between Apolinario Mabini and Congress. The revolutionary government also established newspapers and sent diplomats abroad to seek recognition of Philippine independence.
This document discusses the history of agrarian reform in the Philippines from the Spanish period to present. It covers the various land tenure systems over time, including under Spanish rule where the encomienda system arose and friar lands were established. Under American rule, tenant farming increased and acts were passed to regulate labor organizations and protect tenants. The Japanese occupation saw the rise of resistance groups. Post-war, various agrarian reform laws and programs have been implemented, including the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988. The objectives, components, and beneficiaries of agrarian reform are also summarized.
The Malolos Republic was established on September 15, 1898 with the inauguration of the Malolos Congress in Bulacan. The Congress drafted and approved the Malolos Constitution on November 29, establishing a republic with three branches of government. The Constitution was drafted by Felipe Calderon and established an executive, legislative, and judicial branch. The republic aimed to gain international recognition and established systems of taxation, education, and a military academy during its brief existence.
This document outlines the major constitutions and laws that have shaped Philippine government from 1897 to present day, including the country's first constitution under Biak-na-Bato in 1897, the Malolos Constitution of 1899 which established the first Asian republic, the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and Jones Law of 1916 which established self-governance, the 1935 and 1973 constitutions, the post-Marcos 1986 Freedom Constitution, and the current 1987 Constitution which defines the national government structure.
The American Occupation and The Philippine CommonwealthEducation
The American Occupation and the Philippine Commonwealth
Cawagas, Virgina, and Swee-Hin Toh. Our Nation Our World 5. 2nd ed. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, 2014. 1-396.
Visit:http://kasaysayan4kids.blogspot.com/
For more resources.
Manuel L. Quezon ably led the Philippines as it transitioned to independence as the first President of the Commonwealth. He established democratic institutions and worked to address issues like improving agriculture, developing the economy through trade with the US, establishing Tagalog as the national language, and enhancing infrastructure. However, the Commonwealth's progress was interrupted by World War 2 and the Japanese invasion in 1941. Quezon was forced to evacuate as the Philippines fell under Japanese occupation, establishing a puppet government led by Jose P. Laurel while resistance groups like guerillas fought back.
1) The discovery of the Katipunan led to mass arrests of Filipino suspects and the eventual execution of Bonifacio and other revolutionaries.
2) Rivalry grew between the Magdalo and Magdiwang factions at the Tejeros Convention, where Aguinaldo was elected president over Bonifacio. This led to Bonifacio's arrest and execution.
3) Aguinaldo and his men agreed to the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, which involved their exile in exchange for money, but clashes between Filipinos and Spaniards continued in many areas.
Third to Fifth Republic of the PhilippinesJames Bacayan
This document provides biographical information and accomplishments of the presidents of the Third Republic of the Philippines from Manuel Roxas to the current president Rodrigo Duterte. It outlines their backgrounds, contributions during their terms such as establishing social programs, quelling rebel movements, and promoting economic growth and trade. Major events included Martial Law under Marcos and the People Power Revolution that removed him from power.
This document provides an overview of land ownership and agrarian reform policies in Philippine history from the pre-colonial era through present day. It discusses the major issues and legislation around land ownership and reform under periods of Spanish rule, American rule, Japanese occupation, and different Philippine presidents. The overall purpose is to analyze social, political, economic, and cultural issues in Philippine history through the lens of land ownership and agrarian reform.
This document provides an overview of social, political, economic, and cultural issues related to land ownership and agrarian reform in Philippine history. It discusses different systems of land ownership from the pre-colonial era through Spanish colonial rule, the American colonial period, Japanese occupation, and various presidential administrations after independence. Key policies, laws, and organizations governing land ownership and agrarian reform are outlined for each historical period. The goal is for students to understand enduring issues in Philippine society and propose solutions through a historical lens.
The document discusses the history of agrarian reform in the Philippines over 100 years. It began during Spanish colonization when lands were granted to royal families, ignoring local customs. Under American rule, private land ownership was established through various acts. The 1935 constitution aimed to establish tenant-landlord relationships through profit sharing laws. Subsequent administrations established different land reform laws, with the goal of Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law in 1988 to distribute lands to farmers. However, problems have prevented full implementation including lack of political will, funds, and circumvention of the laws.
This document provides a history of money in the Philippines from pre-Hispanic times to modern day. It describes the evolution from barter systems to early gold and bead currencies. Spanish colonization introduced Mexican pesos and coins minted in Manila. The American period established the peso tied to the US dollar. The Japanese occupation saw war notes. Independence brought new designs celebrating Filipino culture and landmarks.
The American Colonization in the Philippinesliliemanna
The Philippines had been a Spanish colony for over 300 years before gaining independence in 1898. However, the U.S. soon took control and a war broke out between American and Filipino forces that resulted in thousands of deaths. While the U.S. established education systems and allowed some self-governance, Filipinos faced discrimination and rebellions continued for years. Gradually independence was established, and by 1946 full sovereignty was restored, allowing the Philippines to build upon reforms introduced during the American colonial period.
Political Development of the Philippine GovernmentJenny Reyes
Prior to Spanish colonization, the Philippines was composed of independent barangays ruled by datus. During the revolution, the Katipunan, Biak-na-Bato Republic, Dictatorial Government, and Revolutionary Government were established. The US established a Military Government followed by a Civil Government. Finally, a Commonwealth Government was established in preparation for full independence in 1946.
The document provides a detailed overview of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War II. It discusses key events including the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941, the Japanese invasion and occupation of the Philippines, the Battle of Bataan, the Bataan Death March, and the establishment of the Second Philippine Republic led by President Jose P. Laurel under Japanese control. It also describes the harsh conditions faced by Filipinos during the occupation including economic difficulties, food shortages, and cruelty by the Japanese military.
This document provides a summary of the history of currency and coins used in the Philippines. It begins with early barter rings used before the arrival of Western influences. Spanish coins were then introduced, followed by coins produced locally at the Manila mint. U.S. coins circulated during the period of U.S. sovereignty. The document then outlines the various coin series produced after independence, including features, materials, and images depicted on their obverse and reverse sides. It concludes with details of recent commemorative coins issued by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.
the katipunan. The contents of this slide share are the following : The founding of katipunan, aims of katipunan and election in each katipunan.. ANY MANY MORE ....a lot of topic LEARN TO THIS SLIDE SHARE..ITS ALL ABOUT THE KATIPUNAN ...
The document discusses the history and implementation of agrarian reform in the Philippines. It describes how [1] the implementation of agrarian reform proceeded slowly due to lack of political will, [2] the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 established the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program to more successfully implement land reform, and [3] the law focused on redistributing land and improving social justice and economic opportunities for farmers.
Social, political, economic & cultural issues of the phDyahmm Cabrera
Readings in the Philippine History Topic on Social, Political, Economic and Cultural Issues in the PH
Powerpoint background from https://www.choosephilippines.com/go/festivals/804/QueerSmiles
This is the fourth chapter of the course Readings in Philippine History as per the course guide from Commission on Higher Education.
Course sub-topics:
1. Agrarian Reform Policies from Commonwealth Period to the 5th Republic
2. Philippine Constitutions
2.1 1935 Constitution
2.2 1973 Constitution
2.3 1986 Constitution
3. Philippine Taxation
Elpidio Quirino was a Filipino politician who served as the sixth President of the Philippines, assuming the presidency in 1948 after the death of Manuel Roxas. Quirino previously held positions in the House of Representatives, Senate, and served as Secretary of Finance and Interior. As president, he declared Quezon City the new capital and cracked down on the communist Huk rebellion after a failed amnesty agreement. He won election to a full term as president in 1949.
The Malolos Congress established the First Philippine Republic with Emilio Aguinaldo as its first president. Key achievements included ratifying Philippine independence, passing laws allowing loans for the government, establishing schools like the University of Filipinas, and drafting the Malolos Constitution, which created a democratic government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The constitution was finally promulgated in January 1899 after debates between Apolinario Mabini and Congress. The revolutionary government also established newspapers and sent diplomats abroad to seek recognition of Philippine independence.
This document discusses the history of agrarian reform in the Philippines from the Spanish period to present. It covers the various land tenure systems over time, including under Spanish rule where the encomienda system arose and friar lands were established. Under American rule, tenant farming increased and acts were passed to regulate labor organizations and protect tenants. The Japanese occupation saw the rise of resistance groups. Post-war, various agrarian reform laws and programs have been implemented, including the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988. The objectives, components, and beneficiaries of agrarian reform are also summarized.
The Malolos Republic was established on September 15, 1898 with the inauguration of the Malolos Congress in Bulacan. The Congress drafted and approved the Malolos Constitution on November 29, establishing a republic with three branches of government. The Constitution was drafted by Felipe Calderon and established an executive, legislative, and judicial branch. The republic aimed to gain international recognition and established systems of taxation, education, and a military academy during its brief existence.
This document outlines the major constitutions and laws that have shaped Philippine government from 1897 to present day, including the country's first constitution under Biak-na-Bato in 1897, the Malolos Constitution of 1899 which established the first Asian republic, the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and Jones Law of 1916 which established self-governance, the 1935 and 1973 constitutions, the post-Marcos 1986 Freedom Constitution, and the current 1987 Constitution which defines the national government structure.
The American Occupation and The Philippine CommonwealthEducation
The American Occupation and the Philippine Commonwealth
Cawagas, Virgina, and Swee-Hin Toh. Our Nation Our World 5. 2nd ed. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, 2014. 1-396.
Visit:http://kasaysayan4kids.blogspot.com/
For more resources.
Manuel L. Quezon ably led the Philippines as it transitioned to independence as the first President of the Commonwealth. He established democratic institutions and worked to address issues like improving agriculture, developing the economy through trade with the US, establishing Tagalog as the national language, and enhancing infrastructure. However, the Commonwealth's progress was interrupted by World War 2 and the Japanese invasion in 1941. Quezon was forced to evacuate as the Philippines fell under Japanese occupation, establishing a puppet government led by Jose P. Laurel while resistance groups like guerillas fought back.
1) The discovery of the Katipunan led to mass arrests of Filipino suspects and the eventual execution of Bonifacio and other revolutionaries.
2) Rivalry grew between the Magdalo and Magdiwang factions at the Tejeros Convention, where Aguinaldo was elected president over Bonifacio. This led to Bonifacio's arrest and execution.
3) Aguinaldo and his men agreed to the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, which involved their exile in exchange for money, but clashes between Filipinos and Spaniards continued in many areas.
Third to Fifth Republic of the PhilippinesJames Bacayan
This document provides biographical information and accomplishments of the presidents of the Third Republic of the Philippines from Manuel Roxas to the current president Rodrigo Duterte. It outlines their backgrounds, contributions during their terms such as establishing social programs, quelling rebel movements, and promoting economic growth and trade. Major events included Martial Law under Marcos and the People Power Revolution that removed him from power.
This document provides an overview of land ownership and agrarian reform policies in Philippine history from the pre-colonial era through present day. It discusses the major issues and legislation around land ownership and reform under periods of Spanish rule, American rule, Japanese occupation, and different Philippine presidents. The overall purpose is to analyze social, political, economic, and cultural issues in Philippine history through the lens of land ownership and agrarian reform.
This document provides an overview of social, political, economic, and cultural issues related to land ownership and agrarian reform in Philippine history. It discusses different systems of land ownership from the pre-colonial era through Spanish colonial rule, the American colonial period, Japanese occupation, and various presidential administrations after independence. Key policies, laws, and organizations governing land ownership and agrarian reform are outlined for each historical period. The goal is for students to understand enduring issues in Philippine society and propose solutions through a historical lens.
This document provides a detailed history of agrarian reform in the Philippines from the pre-Spanish period through the current administration of President Rodrigo Duterte. It outlines the key events, policies, and laws enacted during each administration, including the introduction of encomiendas under Spanish rule, the Torrens land titling system under American rule, the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law passed under Corazon Aquino, and Duterte's plans to place more public lands under agrarian reform and provide more support services to farmers. The history shows the evolution of land ownership and tenure systems over time in response to social unrest and a goal of promoting social justice and rural development.
This document summarizes the history of agrarian reform in the Philippines from the Spanish colonial period to the present. It discusses the systems of land ownership and tenure over time, including encomiendas under Spanish rule, reforms enacted during the American period to regulate landholding, and the various agrarian laws and programs established since independence to address land inequality and tenant rights, including the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program. It also briefly outlines the approaches to agrarian reform under different Philippine presidents.
reading on Philippines history- finals- RPH-FINALS-PDFFrelyn2
Agrarian reform in the Philippines aims to redistribute land from large landowners to landless farmers. The history of agrarian reform includes the Spanish encomienda system which granted land to colonial officials, the American introduction of land ceilings and land registration, and post-independence laws like the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 which limited landownership to five hectares. Taxation is necessary for the government to function and provide services to citizens based on principles like ability to pay and economic efficiency, with limitations like only being exercised by the legislative branch.
The document provides a history of land and agrarian reforms in the Philippines from prehistory through the present administration. It discusses systems of land ownership and cultivation under early Filipino communities, Spanish rule, the American period, Japanese occupation, and different post-independence administrations. Key events include the establishment of the encomienda system under Spain, agrarian laws and programs implemented under various Philippine presidents to redistribute land and support farmers, and the ongoing Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program to further reform land ownership.
Under Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, land was owned by the Spanish crown and Catholic religious orders, not by Filipinos. Filipinos were assigned land to farm and had to pay tribute to Spanish authorities and landowners. This led to an abusive system where Filipino farmers were exploited. Under American rule, some reforms attempted to allow private land ownership but ultimately benefited American and wealthy Filipino landowners, worsening inequality. The Hukbalahap uprising in the 1930s was a result of peasant grievances over land ownership and tenancy issues. Subsequent administrations attempted land reform programs with varying success, constrained by a lack of funding and resistance from powerful landowners.
The document summarizes the history of land reform and agrarian reform in the Philippines. It discusses how land reform aims to redistribute land from landlords to tenant farmers, while agrarian reform aims to develop farmers economically, socially, and politically. The document then outlines the various social classes under pre-Spanish, Spanish, and American periods. It also details the many laws and reforms enacted from 1946 to 1988 to implement land redistribution and assist farmers.
The document provides a history of agrarian reform in the Philippines from pre-colonial times to the present. It discusses the different land ownership systems under Spanish colonial rule, the American era, and various post-independence administrations. Several presidents introduced new laws and programs to address land inequality and tenant issues, but most programs faced challenges in implementation and fully resolving land ownership problems. Agrarian reform remains an ongoing process in the Philippines to this day.
This document provides a history of agrarian reform efforts in the Philippines from pre-colonial times through the Marcos era. It describes land ownership and cultivation practices in pre-colonial times, the introduction of an abusive encomienda system under Spanish rule, and various American and post-WWII initiatives that aimed to address inequitable land distribution but largely failed due to lack of funding and support. The Agricultural Land Reform Code passed under President Macapagal was the most comprehensive agrarian reform law, though its implementation was limited in scope.
The document discusses the evolution of land laws in the Philippines from the American colonial period to post-independence. During colonial times, laws like the Homestead Act and Land Registration Act aimed to regulate land ownership and encourage settlement. After independence, laws like the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 and Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997 focused on redistributing land more equitably and protecting indigenous groups. The land laws have played a crucial role in shaping rural development and addressing social justice issues in the Philippines over time.
The document summarizes the history of land reform and agrarian reform in the Philippines. It discusses how land reform aims to redistribute land from landlords to tenant farmers, while agrarian reform aims to develop farmers economically, socially, and politically. The document then outlines the various social classes that existed in the pre-Spanish, Spanish, American, and present periods. It also lists the many pertinent laws enacted to support agrarian reform and protect tenant farmers over the decades.
The document provides an overview of Philippine economic history through issues of agrarian reform, taxation, and trade policies. It discusses how the Spanish introduced the encomienda system which exploited Filipino farmers and led to revolts. Under American rule, land ownership issues persisted and various land reform programs were implemented with limited success over many decades. Philippine taxation evolved from tributes imposed by Spain, to a poll tax and other taxes under American rule. Economic reforms in the late 20th century aimed to broaden the tax base and encourage investment.
W11-Module 11 Social, Political, Economic and Cultural Issues in Philippine H...LuisSalenga1
1. Agrarian reform policies in the Philippines aimed to restructure the agricultural system and redistribute land ownership more equitably among farmers.
2. Under Spanish colonial rule, land was owned by the king and farmers could only work the land as tenants but not own it. The hacienda system exploited Filipino laborers.
3. The Americans introduced some land reforms but these had limited success due to lack of support systems for farmer land recipients.
4. Post-independence governments pursued further agrarian reforms through agencies like NARRA and land acts, but large-scale redistribution remained elusive.
Topic 7 - Agrarian Reform in the Philippines.pdfEZRIJRCODA
The document provides an overview of agrarian reform in the Philippines, including a history of land ownership from pre-Spanish times through the American period. It discusses key agrarian reform laws and programs, such as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) of 1988. CARP aimed to grant landless farmers and workers ownership of agricultural lands within 10 years of its passage, addressing aspects of land distribution, support services, and beneficiary priority and payments. The document also covers components of agrarian reform like land redistribution and support services, and principles like guiding reforms with social function and responsibility in mind.
The document provides an overview of the historical development and challenges of agrarian reform programs in the Philippines from the Spanish period to present day. It discusses the various laws and initiatives implemented under different administrations to reform land ownership and the tenant-landlord system. However, many of the programs faced challenges including lack of funding, non-compliance from landlords, failure to fully implement redistribution goals, and insufficient support for farmer beneficiaries. As a result, agrarian reform in the Philippines remains an ongoing issue.
Agrarian land reform program (roxas aquino)Marvin Morales
The document summarizes the history of agrarian land reform programs in the Philippines from the administrations of Manuel Roxas to Corazon Aquino. It discusses the key legislations and initiatives passed during each presidency to address land ownership and promote social justice. While progress was made, many administrations struggled with lack of funding, opposition from landowners, and slow implementation. Under Aquino, the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program was established as the centerpiece of her administration but still faced challenges of budget shortfalls, legal issues, and inter-agency coordination.
The Commonwealth of the Philippines was the transitional government that ruled the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, replacing the Insular Government and establishing self-governance. Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the first Filipino president of the Commonwealth. During his term, he tackled issues like land reform, promoting development, and opposing corruption. The Commonwealth established critical institutions and laid the groundwork for an independent nation by enacting laws through the National Assembly and establishing a presidential system of government. It granted more privileges to Filipinos and aimed to achieve full independence from the United States.
Diosdado Macapagal was elected as the 9th President of the Philippines in 1961, defeating the incumbent Carlos Garcia. During his term, Macapagal implemented various socio-economic reforms aimed at alleviating poverty, including a land reform program. However, the land reform faced challenges in implementation. Macapagal shifted Philippine Independence Day from July 4 to June 12. In the 1965 election, Macapagal lost to Ferdinand Marcos in a bitter and expensive campaign.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
1. WELCOME BACK!
1-Z
LESSON 4: Social, Political, Economic, and
Cultural Issues in
Philippine History
Republic of the Philippines
MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
2 Mayor Chanyungco St.,Sta.Elena,Marikina City 1800
Idala, Thricia F.
BTVTED 4-F
3. GAME
garriaan forrme
-Agrarian Reform
xionatta
-Taxation
Modernizing the feudal structure of
southern agriculture, by
expropriating the most unproductive
portions of the large estates
(latifundia) and redistributing them
to landless peasants in the form of
small holdings.
The imposition of compulsory
levies on individuals or entities
by governments in almost every
country of the world.
4. liicstpo
Politics
nwerosphi
Ownership
The activities associated with the
governance of a country or other
area, especially the debate or
conflict among individuals or
parties having or hoping to achieve
power.
The act, state, or right of
possessing something
5. At the end of the lesson, the student:
Analyze social, political, economic, and cultural issues in the
Philippine using the lens of History.
Understand several enduring issues in the Philippine society
through history.
Understand several enduring issues in the country.
Propose recommendations or solutions to present-day
problems based on the understanding of the past and
anticipation of the future through the study of history.
6. Definition of Terms:
Society
-a part of a community that is a unit distinguishable
by particular aims or standards of living or conduct.
Sociology
-derived from the Latin word “socius” which means
social or being with others and the Greek word
“logos” meaning study or science.
7. Social Sciences
-the study of society’s social statistics, structure,
and forces for social order, stability, and dynamics
which refers to the conflicts and changes that
people experienced. (Kendall, 2017)
8. Politics
=it is a multifaceted word, that are descriptive and
nonjudgmental such as “the art or science of
government” and "political principles", but it can and often
does carry a negative meaning closely related to “political
activities characterized by artful and often dishonest
practices”.
Political Science
a social science concerned chiefly with the description
and analysis of political and especially governmental
institutions and processes.
9. Economics
-a social science that deals with the studies, description,
and analysis of production, distribution, and consumption
of goods and services.
Culture
-the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices
that
characterizes an institution or organization.
11. A. Pre-Colonial Ownership of Land
• “This land is Ours, God gave this land to us”
• Farming was the main industry of the early Filipinos.
12. Two methods of farming
Kaingin method
- land was cleared by setting fire to the shrubs and
bushes, after which holes were bored in the ground
with pointed sticks and seed where then planted.
Plow and Harrow Method
-Tilling the land with the use plow and harrow drawn
by carabaos
13. • Varieties of wine-making was also an industry. From
nipa and sugarcane, wine was made and called
“lambanog” this was from the Tagalog in the Southern
and Central Luzon, coconut liquor called “tuba” and
“lambanog” as tuba ages, and “rice wine” or “Basi” or
“Tapoy” in the Northern part of Luzon.
• Ownership of land is granted and approved by the
chieftain or datu of a community.
14. Issues:
1. Trade was established.
2. War Among Barangays.
3. Slavery was instituted.
4. Weakened the Sultanate.
15. B. Landownership in the Philippine under
Spain
• “United we stand, divided we fall”
• The concept of encomienda (Royal Land Grants)
was introduced.
16. Issues:
1. Abuse of Power of Encomienderos.
2. Corruption on Tribute.
3. A Vision of Real Property and Ownership of
Land.
17. C. Landownership in the Philippines under
the Americans
• “Long Live America”
• This landlessness was the main cause of
insurgency in the Philippines.
18. Significant legislation enacted during the
American Period:
1. Philippine Bill of 1902 – Set the ceilings on the hectarage of private
individuals and corporations may acquire: 16 has. for private individuals
and 1,024 has. for corporations.
2. Land Registration Act of 1902 (Act No. 496) – Provided for a
comprehensive registration of land titles under the Torrens system.
3. Public Land Act of 1903 – introduced the homestead system in the
Philippines.
4. Tenancy Act of 1933 (Act No. 4054 and 4113) – regulated
relationships between landowners and tenants of rice (50-50 sharing) and
sugar cane lands.
5. The Torrens system, which the Americans instituted for the registration
20. Significant legislation enacted during
Commonwealth Period:
1. 1935 Constitution – "The promotion of social justice
to ensure the well-being and economic security of all
people should be the concern of the State"
2. Commonwealth Act No. 178 (An Amendment to
Rice Tenancy Act No. 4045), Nov. 13, 1936 –
Provided for certain controls in the landlord-tenant
relationships
21. • 3. National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC), 1936
– Established the price of rice and corn thereby help the
poor tenants as well as consumers.
• 4. Commonwealth Act. No. 461, 1937 – Specified
reasons for the dismissal of tenants and only with the
approval of the Tenancy Division of the Department of
Justice.
22. 5. Rural Program Administration, created
March 2, 1939 – Provided the purchase and lease
of haciendas and their sale and lease to the
tenants.
6. Commonwealth Act No. 441 enacted on June
3, 1939 – Created the National Settlement
Administration with a capital stock of P20,000,000.
23. E. Japanese Occupation
• “The Era of Hukbalahap”
• The Second World War II started in Europe in 1939
and in the Pacific in 1941.
24. F. Philippine Republic (DAR,
2020)
• “The New Republic”
• After the establishment of the Philippine
Independence in 1946, the problems of land tenure
remained.
25. President Manuel A. Roxas (1946-1948) enacted the
following laws:
• Republic Act No. 34 -- Established the 70-30 sharing
arrangements and regulating share-tenancy contracts.
• Republic Act No. 55 -- Provided for a more effective
safeguard against arbitrary ejectment of tenants.
26. • Elpidio R. Quirino (1948-1953) enacted the following
law:
• Executive Order No. 355 issued on October 23, 1950 --
Replaced the National Land Settlement Administration
with Land Settlement Development Corporation
(LASEDECO) which takes over the responsibilities of the
Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation and the
Rice and Corn Production Administration.
27. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) enacted the following
laws:
• Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954 -- Abolished the
LASEDECO and established the National Resettlement
and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) to resettle
dissidents and landless farmers. It was particularly aimed
at rebel returnees providing home lots and farmlands in
Palawan and Mindanao.
• Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954)
-- governed the relationship between landowners and
tenant farmers by organizing share_x0002_tenancy and
leasehold system. The law provided the security of tenure
of tenants. It also created the Court of Agrarian Relations.
28. • Republic Act No. 1400 (Land Reform Act of 1955) --
Created the Land Tenure Administration (LTA) which was
responsible for the acquisition and distribution of large
tenanted rice and corn lands over 200 hectares for
individuals and 600 hectares for corporations.
• Republic Act No. 821 (Creation of Agricultural Credit
Cooperative Financing Administration) -- Provided small
farmers and share tenants loans with low interest rates of
six to eight percent.
29. President Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)
• Continued the program of President Ramon
Magsaysay. No new legislation passed.
30. President Diosdado P. Macapagal (1961-1965) enacted
the following law:
• Republic Act No. 3844 of August 8, 1963 (Agricultural
Land Reform Code) --Abolished share tenancy,
institutionalized leasehold, set retention limit at 75
hectares, invested rights of preemption and redemption for
tenant farmers, provided for an administrative machinery
for implementation, institutionalized a judicial system of
agrarian cases, incorporated extension, marketing and
supervised credit system of services of farmer
beneficiaries. The RA was hailed as one that would
emancipate Filipino farmers from the bondage of tenancy.
31. President Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-1986)
• Proclamation No. 1081 on September 21, 1972 ushered
the Period of the New Society. Five (5) days after the
proclamation of Martial Law, the entire country was
proclaimed a land reform area and simultaneously the
Agrarian Reform Program was decreed.
32. President Marcos enacted the following laws:
• Republic Act No. 6389, (Code of Agrarian Reform) and RA
No. 6390 of 1971 --Created the Department of Agrarian
Reform and the Agrarian Reform Special Account Fund.
• Presidential Decree No. 2, September 26, 1972 -- Declared
the country under land reform program. It enjoined all
agencies and offices of the government to extend full
cooperation and assistance to the DAR. It also activated the
Agrarian Reform Coordinating Council.
• Presidential Decree No. 27, October 21, 1972 -- Restricted
land reform scope to
tenanted rice and corn lands and set the retention limit at 7
33. President Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992)
The Constitution ratified by the Filipino people during the
administration of President Corazon C. Aquino provides
under Section 21 under Article II that “The State shall
promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian
reform.”
• Republic Act No. 6657 (June 10, 1988) or otherwise
known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
(CARL).
34. President Corazon C. Aquino enacted the following laws:
• Executive Order No. 228, July 16, 1987 – Declared full
ownership to qualified farmer-beneficiaries covered by PD 27. It
also determined the value remaining unvalued rice and corn lands
subject of PD 27 and provided for the manner of payment by the
FBs and mode of compensation to landowners.
• Executive Order No. 229, July 22, 1987 – Provided mechanism
for the
implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
(CARP).
• Proclamation No. 131, July 22, 1987 – Instituted the CARP as a
major
program of the government. It provided for a special fund known as
the
35. • Executive Order No. 129-A, July 26, 1987 – streamlined
and expanded the power and operations of the DAR.
• Republic Act No. 6657, June 10, 1988
(Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law)
• Executive Order No. 405, June 14, 1990 – Vested in the
Land Bank of the Philippines the responsibility to
determine land valuation and compensation for all lands
covered by CARP.
• Executive Order No. 407, June 14, 1990 – Accelerated
the acquisition and distribution of agricultural lands,
pasture lands, fishponds, agro-forestry lands and other
lands of the public domain suitable for agriculture.
36. President Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998)
“Fairer, faster and more meaningful implementation
of the Agrarian Reform Program”
37. President Fidel V. Ramos enacted the following laws:
• Republic Act No. 7881, 1995 – Amended certain
provisions of RA 6657 and exempted fishponds and
prawns from the coverage of CARP.
• Republic Act No. 7905, 1995 – Strengthened the
implementation of the CARP.
• Executive Order No. 363, 1997 – Limits the type of
lands that may be converted by setting conditions under
which limits the type of lands that may be converted by
setting conditions under which specific categories of
agricultural land are either absolutely non-negotiable for
conversion or highly restricted for conversion.
38. • Republic Act No. 8435, 1997 (Agriculture and
Fisheries Modernization Act AFMA) – Plugged
the legal loopholes in land use conversion.
• Republic Act 8532, 1998 (Agrarian Reform
Fund Bill) – Provided an additional Php50 billion
for CARP and extended its implementation for
another 10 years.
40. President Joseph E. Estrada initiated the
enactment of the following law:
• Executive Order N0. 151, September 1999
(Farmer’s Trust Fund) – Allowed the voluntary
consolidation of small farm operation into medium
and large scale integrated enterprise that can
access long-term capital.
• President Estrada launched the Magkabalikat
Para sa
41. President Gloria Macapacal-Arroyo (2000-
2010)
• “To make the countryside economically viable
for the Filipino family by building partnership
and promoting social equity and new
economic opportunities towards lasting peace
and sustainable rural development.”
43. President Benigno Aquino III (2010-
2016)
• President Benigno Aquino III vowed during his 2012 State
of the Nation Address that he would complete before the
end of his term the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Program (CARP), the centerpiece program of the
administration of his mother, President Corazon Aquino.
44. • The Agrarian Reform Community Connectivity and Economic Support
Services (ARCCESS) project was created to contribute to the overall
goal of rural poverty reduction especially in agrarian reform areas.
• Agrarian Production Credit Program (APCP) provided credit support for
crop production to newly organized and existing agrarian reform
beneficiaries’ organizations (ARBOs) and farmers’ organizations not
qualified to a vail themselves of loans under the regular credit windows of
banks.
• The legal case monitoring system (LCMS), a web-based legal system for
recording and monitoring various kinds of agrarian cases at the provincial,
regional and central offices of the DAR to ensure faster resolution and
close monitoring of agrarian-related cases, was also launched.
45. President Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016 –
present)
• Under his leadership, the President wants to pursue an
“aggressive” land reform program that would help alleviate
the life of poor Filipino farmers by prioritizing the provision
of support services alongside land distribution.
• The President directed the DAR to launch the 2nd phase
of agrarian reform where landless farmers would be
awarded with undistributed lands under the Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
46. • The President directed the DAR to launch the
2nd phase of agrarian reform where landless
farmers would be awarded with undistributed lands
under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Program (CARP).
• Duterte plans to place almost all public lands,
including military reserves, under agrarian reform.
• The President also placed 400 hectares of
agricultural lands in Boracay under CARP.
47. • Under his administration the DAR created an anti-
corruption task force to investigate and handle reports on
alleged anomalous activities by officials and employees of
the department.
• The Department also pursues an “Oplan Zero Backlog” in
the resolution of cases in relation to agrarian justice delivery
of the agrarian reform program to fast-track the
implementation of CARP.
49. FORMS of GOVERNMENT
As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers
Monarchy – one in which the supreme and final authority
is in the hands of a single person.
Aristocracy – one in which political power is exercised
by a few privileged class
Democracy – one in which political power is exercised
by a majority of people.
50. As to extent of powers by the central
government
Unitary government – one in which the control of
national and local affairs is exercised by the central
or national government.
Federal government – one in which the powers of
government are divided between two sets of
organs, one for national affairs and the other for
local affairs.
51. As to relationship between the executive and the
legislative branches of the government
Parliamentary government – one in which the state
confers upon the legislature the power to terminate
the tenure of office of the real executive.
Presidential government – one in which the state
makes the executive independent of the legislature
as regards his tenure, policies and acts.
52. EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE
CONSTITUTION (PAGASA, 2020)
Malolos Constitution
September 15, 1898, Congress met in Malolos, Bulacan and
framed the Malolos Constitution lasted only for a short period
of time from January 23, 1899 to March 23, 1901
1935 Constitution
• March 24, 1934 – Pres. Roosevelt authorized the calling of
a constitutional convention to draft a constitution of the
Philippines
• March 23, 1935 – Pres. Roosevelt approved the
53. 1973 Constitution
• March 16, 1967 – Congress authorized the holding of a
constitutional convention
• June 1, 1971 – the convention started to rewrite the
Constitution
• November 30, 1972 – the proposed Constitution was
signed
• September 21, 1972 – Pre. Marcos placed the entire
country under martial law
• January 17, 1973 – Filipinos ratified the Constitution
54. Freedom Constitution February 22-25, 1986 - 4 day
people power revolt
• March 25, Freedom Constitution was promulgated
1987 Constitution
• April 23, Constitutional Commission was created to draft
the proposed Constitution
• June 2, the Constitutional Commission convened
• October 15, draft of the Constitution was finished
• February 2, the 1987 Constitution was ratified by the
people on a plebiscite
56. What is the history of tax?
• The “buwis” (tribute), which could be paid in cash
or kind, with tobacco, chickens, produce, gold,
blankets, cotton, rice, or other products
depending on the region of the country.
• Also there was a “bandala” (from the Tagalog
word “mandala” , a round stack of rice stalks to
be threshed), an annual forced sale and
requisitioning of goods such as rice.
57. Spanish Era
• When spaniards came, they started to collect “tributos”
(tributes).
• The purpose of it is to develop and improve the islands
and to maintain it as well
• also, the collect tributes is for the government officials
salary and for the expensesof the clergy
• The Filipinos have gotten satisfied with the production of
agriculture
• Later on, half of the tribute was paid in cash and the rest
with produce.
58. •Later on, half of the tribute was paid in cash and the rest
with produce.
•Sixteenth century. Manila-Acapulco trade (The Galleon
Trade)The Spanish government continued trade relations
with these countries and Manila became the Center of
Commerce-China, Japan, Maluccas, Siam, India, Cambodia,
Borneo
•During the Galleon trade, force labor was a character of
spanish colonial taxation and was required from the
Filipinos.Male Filipino were obligated to serve which results
to deaths in seventeenth century. Males are required to
provide 40 days per annum
59. •1884, The payment of tribute was put to a stop
because of the “cedulla”
•Taxation in the Philippine during spanish colonial
period was characterized by a heavy burden place
60. American Period
•Americans aimed to make the economy self-sufficient by
running the government with the possible sum revenue
and create surplus in the budget.
•From 1898 to 1903, the Americans followed the Spanish
system of taxation with some modifications.
•Later on, the Urbana would be replaced by tax on real
state, which became known as land tax.
•The problem with the tax was that land titling in the rural
area was very disorderly.
61. Japanese Occupation
At the outbreak of World War II, under the
Japanese regime (1942-1945), the Bureau was
combined with the Customs Office and was
headed by a Director of Customs and Internal
Revenue.
65. Quirino
• The impetus for economic growth came through the
implementation of import and exchange controls that led
to import substitution development.
• -tax revenue in 1953 increased twofold compared to
1948.
66. Magsaysay Administration
• -Promised to study the tax structure and policy of the
country (through the creation of a
• Tax Commission in 1959 means of Republic Act No. 2211)
• -The period of post-war republic also saw a rise in
corruption
• -Indirect taxation still contributed to three quarters of tax
revenues and the Omnibus Tax
• Law of 1969 did not increase the ratio of income tax to
general tax.
67. Marcos Administration
• During the Latter part of Marcos’ years (1981-1985), the
tax system was still heavily dependent on indirect taxes,
which made up 70% of total tax collection.
• Taxes grew at an average annual rate of 15% and
generated a low tax yield
68. Ramos Administration
• The Ramos administration ventured into its own tax
reform program in 1997 through the Comprehensive Tax
Reform Program, which was implemented to (1) make the
tax system broad-based, simple, and with reasonable tax
rates; (2) minimize tax avoidance allowed by existing flaws
and loopholes in the system: (3) encourage payments by
increasing tax exemptions levels, lowering the highest tax
rates, simplifying procedure; and (4) rationalize the grant
of tax incentives, which was estimated to be worth 531.7
billion pesos in 1994
• The VAT base was also broadened in 1997 to include
69. Aquino Administration
• A major reform in the tax system introduced under the
term Aquino was the introductionof the Value Added Tax
(VAT).
• She reformed the tax system through the 1986 Tax
Reform Program.
• The VAT law was signed in 1986 and put to effect in 1988.
• The tax reform of Aquino administration, both tax and
revenue effort rose, increasing from 10.7% to 15.4% in
1992.
71. Arroyo Administration
• She undertook increased government spending without
adjusting tax collections.
• In 2005, the Expanded Value
• Added Tax (E-VAT) was signed into law as Republic Act
9337.
• In February 2006, the VAT tax rate was also increased
from 10% to 12%.
72. P-Noy Aquino Administration
• The Administration ventured into the adjustment of excise
tax on liquor and cigarette or the Sin Tax Reform made
law by Republic Act 1035.
• It allows the increase the budget of the DOH and
PhilHealth (from 55.2 million in 2012 to 515.4 million in
2015)
73. Duterte Regime (2016-Present)
• Supported the implementation of the Tax Reform for
Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) law.
• Vowed to lower income tax rates shouldered by working
Filipinos.-The proposed tax reform also seeks to limit VAT
exceptions and increase excise tax on petroleum products
and automobiles
74. Marcos Jr. administration
• The Marcos Jr. administration is eyeing the
passage of remaining tax reform packages left
behind by former President Rodrigo Duterte.